Msana wa munthu: kapangidwe. Khomo lachiberekero msana ndime magawano

msana anthu, mwa kulankhula kwina, ndime vertebral, ndi chigawo chachikulu cha mafupa akuthandiza. Iwo anamanga wa vertebrae munthu amene wotetezedwa pamodzi kudzera mwa olowa intervertebral, ndipo zimachokera kwa m'munsi a Chigaza, amene Ufumuyo kwa linkawonongeka woyamba, wotchedwa Buku la mapu. yamphamvu Ichi ndi makina mwa atlanto-ofananira ndi atlanto-occipital mafupa. Nonrigid mtundu pawiri amamva kwambiri ufulu kuyenda. Mu kunsi kwa ndime msana wa munthu pafupifupi n'kupuma, apa mbali olumikizidwa kwa m'chiuno fupa la mafupa a chiuno ntchito mfundo sacroiliac.

Msana: kaswili

Msana anthu ali mu dongosolo lake lili 5 magulu zigawo. Kodi vertebrae mu msana anthu ambiri? Zolondola ayankhe kulibe. Pa umoyo zonse kuyambira 32 mpaka 34 vertebrae, chifukwa chiwerengero cha iwo mu anthu msana ndime mwachindunji amadalira Kapangidwe ka chomaliza (coccygeal) gawo, womwenso awiri kapena anayi achikalekale, amene wapatsidwa kwa ife ndi makolo athu ku dziko nyama.

anaŵerama

Mu yachibadwa, boma wathanzi si kwathunthu mosabisa, koma ali ndi zokhotakhota thupi la msana. Matenda a ichi amalenga zinthu kuteteza ndi bwino zimene ofukula ndi tolerability lakuthwa galimoto. Kumvetsetsa momwe anaŵerama kulibe mu ndime msana wa thupi, m'pofunika kuganizira chiwembu ndi kumvetsa tanthauzo la mawonekedwe anatomical dongosolo tingachitire.

Okwana pali anayi msana kupinda mu boma yachibadwa: 2 - ventral (ie, kupinda kutsogolo), 2 - dorsal (ndi kupinda chammbuyo). Komanso anthu msana zokhotakhota kukhala ndi ubale ndi kaimidwe, kawirikawiri chikhalidwe pathological imene chikhalidwe olondola a mzati wa akukumana ena amadza kwa kupinda izi kukumana kusinthika ndi kusintha njira yomweyo kulenga kaimidwe. Komanso, mapangidwe kusintha chowawa chinakula zokhotakhota yachibadwa kuti alipo mu chikhalidwe wathanzi. Ndiye kumatheka kupinda kuya khadi makamaka chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi pakhale kusintha lolingana mu mbali zina za ndime msana.

M'madipatimenti monga gawo la ndime msana

Msana lagawidwa m'magawo zisanu: khomo lachiberekero, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (sacrum), coccyx.

Tikumbukenso kuti anthu mafupa zokhotakhota ndime kukhala ndi ubale ndi msana. Lumbar ndi msana khomo lachiberekero ali yokhota kumapeto m'njira patsogolo (kapena lordozis), thoracic ndi sacral motero mu kumbuyo (kapena kiphosis).

Msana khomo lachiberekero ali asanu vertebrae osiyana, ndipo uli ndi mphamvu chibadidwe kwa sayenda kwambiri. The thupi la thanzi ndi kubala zosiyanasiyana oblique ndi kayendedwe makina mutu, ndi rotational kayendedwe ka khosi gawo ndi kupatuka mokwanira lalikulu. Izi kusinthasintha zosaneneka amalenga Kapangidwe ka gawo khomo lachiberekero, yeniyeni, ndi m'maganizo a woyamba vertebrae awiri:

• wa Buku la mapu, omwe amaperekedwa ndi arches awiri, ulibe thupi;

• epistrophe ali mu dongosolo odontoid ake fupa, kuzungulira otsiriza opangidwa kayendedwe rotational wa Buku la mapu a.

thorax

Kapangidwe ka msana thoracic n'zosavuta kwambiri. Msana mu vertebrae thoracic zikuphatikizapo khumi yochokera kwa m'mbali. Pa kutsogolo padziko nthiti thupi kugwirizana kudzera sternum ndipo potero kupanga otchedwa chifuwa - mapangidwe kupewa odalirika ziwalo zofunika mkati - mtima ndi mapapo. Tikumbukenso kuti Kapangidwe ka gawo thoracic a positi anthu zofanana ndi zomwe inakhala zolengedwa zoyamwitsa. Onse khumi vertebrae thoracic zigawo ofanana mu dongosolo anatomical. kugwa okha dera lumbar, thupi vertebral zambiri kukula ndipo anapanga unyinji wochuluka.

Lumbar gawo ndi sacrum

Danga msana (loukitsa) wa lumbar ndi amalenga zinthu kupanga zosiyanasiyana zokhudza galimoto - thupi akutembenukira, kasinthasintha komanso tilts mu madera osiyana. Msana m'dera lumbar akukumana katundu kwambiri. Choncho, vertebrae yomweyo yokulirapo kuposa zigawo yapita magawo thupi kuonjezera kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi (kwa oyamba wachisanu).

Pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa msana anthu mu dipatimenti sacral ali asanu osiyana vertebrae. Koma m'kupita zaka chitukuko cha msana chifukwa mu coalescing ndi kupanga vertebrae ambiri structural mbali - ndi sacrum.

dipatimenti coccygeal

Danga msana mu dipatimenti coccygeal tichipeza atatu kapena asanu vertebrae osiyana. vertebrae Kodi coccygeal mu gawo zingadziŵike okha ndi wapadera chida Kupenda (X-ray kapena tomographic).

Kapangidwe ka ndime vertebral

Kugwirizana vertebrae awiri, ataima oyandikana nawo, ikuchitika kudzera zimbale intervertebral, amene chikalata osiyana. Iwo amapereka pamtengo pulasitiki ndipo elasticity. Litayamba yaikulu anapatsa lumbar ndi malo khomo lachiberekero a msana wa thupi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuyenda bwino, ndipo litayamba mphamvu zigawo izi ambiri poyera kuti choipa. Palinso zambiri anapanga herniated zimbale ndi osiyana matenda aakulu a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa. Mtundu ambiri anakumana ya matenda a osteochondrosis - osachiritsika-dystrophic pathological ndondomeko ya zimbale intervertebral.

Msana anthu anamanga nyumba anatomical wa hotelo - ndi vertebrae, zimbale intervertebral ndi mfundo articular (mfundo).

Ntchito za anthu vertebral Danga

Msana ndicho minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo la munthu. Ikuonetsanso n'zotheka kusunga bwino thupi, ndi olamulira a galimoto ndi kuchita ntchito chitetezo. Minofu ya msana molumikizana ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo, kulenga zinthu za kukwaniritsidwa kwa zotsatirazi:

• tilts mu madera osiyana;

• extensor ndi flexor hvizheny;

• Kodi rotational kuyenda mozungulira nguli;

• bipedal ayende maulendo.

gawo khomo lachiberekero (wacitatu chiwiri vertebrae), thoracic ndi lumbar intervertebral okutidwa ndi kapangidwe yemweyo mu mfundo zina kuposa kusinthidwa yoyamba ndi yachiwiri vertebrae khomo lachiberekero, ndi sacral gawo gawo mu thupi mu boma wamkulu (tichipeza asanu zinaphatikizidwa vertebrae ndi kwathunthu ima).

zimfundo Intervertebral ili njira msana ndi kulenga zinthu ndime mphamvu yam'manja. Kusuntha linkawonongeka zina pafupifupi sizingatheke mmene munthu linkawonongeka chisokonezo kusuntha mwachindunji pafupi. Kuvekedwa nawo sayenda kwambiri m'madera khomo lachiberekero ndi lumbar, ena vertebrae akhoza kusuntha pang'ono chabe.

The matenda ambiri anakumana ndi msana: ubwenzi thunthu

Kaswili wa gawo khomo lachiberekero msana kuvumbitsira mfundo ofooka kuti zikamera matenda osachiritsika chimbale. kudwala Izi njira dystrophic-osachiritsika mu zimbale intervertebral omwe sanali yotupa chikhalidwe. Mu ndondomekoyi matenda nawo minofu connective ndi chichereŵechereŵe. matenda ofanana akufotokozera mu lumbar msana, thoracic gawo zimakhudza izo powerengera osowa.

Lumbar ndi malo khomo lachiberekero atengeke herniation wa mbale intervertebral - SHmorlja. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa mawonekedwe a phata pulposus linanena bungwe chimbale malire. kudwala otere kulimbikitsa ndi mavuto a dongosolo la magazi ndi mantha, kuyambira protrusions awa akhoza compress ziwiya magazi mu msana (vertebral) ndi mizu mitsempha anakafika ku chingwe msana. The Vuto yamasika amatchedwa sciatica, chifukwa cha psinjika a mizu chofuna.

Anthu ndime msana adzatengedwe nkhati kwa ndondomeko yotupa (kuphatikizapo anachita autoimmune kapena kupwetekedwa ..) Mu malo - nyamakazi.

Kukomoka, ambiri a matenda a msana chikuchitika ndi ululu ndithu, utachepa sayenda ndiponso makhalidwe ena yachiwiri.

matenda onsewa amafuna chithandizo yake, ndi phukusi nthawi zina nthawi yomweyo.

Kubereka choipa komanso ndime vertebral.

thandizo ndiyotani anavulala

M'pofunika kupereka anavulala ndi pazipita yopingasa ataweramuka msana ndi kunja kuli zii isanafike ambulansi ndi. Ndi zoletsedwa kukakamiza wozunzidwayo kuyenda ndi zoyendera chifukwa pali kuthekera kwa zikamera kuvulala latsopano ndi chifukwa matendawo. Yonyamula anavulala zomasulidwa milandu kwapadera - ngozi potuluka mu malo.

The anthu vertebral ndime - dongosolo lapadera mu thupi, amene wapatsidwa thandizo, ndi zoteteza, ntchito galimoto. Choncho, kusamalira thanzi, kupewa pathologies ndi mankhwala yake n'kofunika kupulumutsa thanzi. Vertebrae ndi ndime msana ndi m'maganizo a dongosolo lawo, ena m'madera zingathandize munthu kuti bipedalism ndi kukwaniritsa katundu kuchita mbali zikuluzikulu za msana, ndi kusunga luso galimoto moyo.