Mtundu wa Bedouin - chipululu nomad

Kuti timvetse amene Bedouins, m'pofunika umalowa mu mbiri, moyo, moyo wa anthu awa. Mwa njira, dzina lawo ndi lakuti kwa mtundu makamaka, koma chabe anatchula njira ufulu wa moyo. Mtundu wa Bedouin - ndi denizen kwa chipululu, akungoyendayenda kwa malo. Umo ndi momwe anaganiza amanena kuti anthu a ku Ulaya anthu onse a dziko Arab. M'chiyankhulo cha Chiarabu, "mtundu wa Bedouin" - ndi "nomad" kapena "chipululu."

"Ana a chipululu" sizinachitikepo womangidwa ku malo amodzi, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo kapena chipembedzo. Oyendayenda katswiri malo ndi zinthu mwachilungamo nkhanza nyengo.

History ndi chipembedzo

Mtundu wa Bedouin - ali, monga ulamuliro, ochokera m'madera Arabia. Kuti dziko lino ndi kwawo achikale. Zotsatira za wongosamukasamuka Zafalikira Egypt ndi zipululu Siriya. Koma pambuyo kulanda Muslim Aluya cha Africa m'zaka za m'ma 7, ndi mtundu wa Bedouin akhazikika ndi Sahara chipululu, ndi chifukwa kuti mayiko amenewa wachiwiri kunyumba kwa wongosamukasamuka. Kukhala pankhondo mtundu wa Bedouin mafuko pang'onopang'ono anagonjetsa dera latsopano. Ndipo pofika cha m'ma 7 dziko la wongosamukasamuka kuti achuluka kwambiri ndipo linayambira ku Persia ku nyanja ya Atlantic.

Kuti timvetse amene Bedouins ndi chipembedzo, muyenera kubwerera kwa zaka masauzande ochepa zapitazo. Amadziwika ku magwero a mbiri yakale, poyamba anali achikunja, koma kenaka, pa za zana lachinayi, ndi mtundu wa Bedouin anayamba kukhala Mkhristu. Patapita zaka zitatu, wongosamukasamuka anatembenukira kwa Islam nayamba kuyankhula mu Arabic.

Njira kudzikonda

Bedouins, ngati mafuko ambiri, pali utsogoleri wolowezana, kumene monga mutu mutuluka - Sheikh. Munthu uyu amati ndi mtundu mkulu, iye ndiye chimakhudzanso nkhani gulu la fuko ndipo akusankha pankhondo zosiyanasiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti udindo wadutsa yekha kudzera mu mzere wa mwamuna.

Komanso mu mtundu wa Bedouin anthu si otsiriza ntchito za "qadi" (mwamuna defrocked, mkulu ndi woweruza). Ndi udindo kutsatira ndondomeko ya ukwati.

Mtundu wa Bedouin - chipululu nomad

Mbuto ikulu okhala ndi mtundu wa Bedouin ndi Arab Siriya chipululu, ku Sinai Peninsula ndi chipululu cha Sahara, ili mu Africa North. Oyendayenda nthawi zonse ankakonda amakhala m'madera louma, pamene ambiri mwa anthu ena kusankha malo ndi wofatsa nyengo, anakakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi madamu.

Anthu a chipululu ku mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Israyeli, Igupto, Jordan. Ndipo mu maiko monga Tunisia, Morocco, Libya ndi ena.

Popeza choona kuti nthawi zonse akungoyendayenda anthu kuchita kalembera wa iwo ndi mabvuto. Choncho, pa nthawi chithunzi cha Bedouins miliyoni 4.5 ankaona makonzedwe. Umasonyeza pafupifupi chiwerengero cha wongosamukasamuka mu dziko. Syria ndi kunyumba oposa miliyoni imodzi mwa Bedouins. Fuko yaikulu m'dziko lino mtundu Ruvalla.

Chikhalidwe cha anthu okhala chipululu

Bedouins ndi chibadidwe mwambo wakale kubwezera magazi, chifukwa mikangano mafuko si zachilendo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu kalekale, zochokera akafuna moyo ndi yachipembedzo, limatipatsa njira kuthana ndi mikangano. Mfundo imeneyi ndi mwachindunji Sheikh, ngati akupita kwa magulu kumenyana. Chapter anapereka malipilo abwino, ndipo pambuyo malipiro nkhaniyo idatha.

Bedouins mabanja ena, chipangizo zawo zandale ndiponso unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko banjalo. wongosamukasamuka onse anawagawa mabanja "hamully" ndi mafuko. Iwo amakhala ana obadwa mu kwake ndi mahema ndipo aliyense uli pali midzi woposa makumi anayi. Bedouins (chithunzi zikusonyeza kuti chidwi chanu m'nkhani ino) amaonedwa adzafafaniza alenje ndi okwera kwambiri, komanso ofalitsa chidwi ndi ovina wabwino.

Ngamila - chakudya kapena njira ya?

The Bedouins wa perekochovok kawirikawiri ntchito owerengeka zonse zofunika, ndipo chifukwa cha izi ndi mbali ya njira ya moyo. Yoyendamo ndi mayendedwe a katundu kuwoloka zipululu ali oyenera ngamila kokha, kumene zimasokoneza kuthekera magalimoto lalikulu zedi. Pachifukwa ichi, mahema mtundu wa Bedouin mwamsanga anasonkhana pamodzi ndi zidutswa. Iwo makamaka zigwirizana mapanelo anapangidwa kuchokera ubweya wa nkhosa, amene mosavuta woyenera mu chimango cha mitengo yonyamulira.

Ntchito yaikulu ya wongosamukasamuka - kuswana wa ngamila, mbuzi ndi nkhosa. Pakuti anthu awa, ngamila ndi nyama wapatali kwambiri. Ali onse yonyamula katundu ndi kukwera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ziwiri humped nyama eni ubweya katundu, komanso nkhani wapatali zogulitsa.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri menyu tsiku ndi tsiku mtundu wa Bedouin ankaona mkaka ngamila. Kuwonjezera pa chakudya ndi mpunga, masiku, manyuchi ndi ufa wa tirigu mankhwala. Nyama wongosamukasamuka idyani pa maholide ndi zikondwerero zina zapadera, amene anapha nkhosa ndi kuphika izo ndi moto lotseguka. Timbewu tiyi ndi khofi ndi otentha awo ankakonda chakumwa.

amakono kwambiri mtundu wa Bedouin, komanso mbadwo wakale akupitirizabe kukhala moyo wosamukasamuka, kuchita ulimi ndi ng'ombe kuswana. Koma ambiri a iwo masiku ano makamaka zikugwira ntchito alendo. Kuonetsa pa nthawi yomweyo "moyo ndi miyambo ya mtundu wa Bedouin." Mbali yaikulu ndi chibadidwe mu Sinai Iguputo ndiponso wongosamukasamuka. Koma Bedouins Israeli, analandira thandizo ndi boma, mu mawonekedwe a phindu ndi mwayi, kotero kuti ambiri a iwo anakhazikika, kupanga midzi ndi m'midzi. Kenako, Bedouins ambiri asamukira ku kuswana ziweto kuti kudzinenera ano.