Dante Alighieri ndi Beatrice Portinari

Mwina ambiri a inu mukudziwa kapena amva za Dante Alighieri ndi ntchito yake wosafa "The Divine Comedy". Masiku ano kutchuka kwa anthu ambiri Dante molondola mankhwala Dena Brauna "Inferno" ndi filimu ochokera m'buku lino. "Divine Comedy" Ndipotu, ndi chimake cha zinthu Dante chilengedwe chachikulu cha mabuku onse akale European. Koma anthu ochepa mukudziwa momwe inu mukuona ntchito izi zazikulu, amene kudalembedwa, ndipo amagwirizana ndi moyo Dante a. M'nkhani ino mudzapeza mayankho a mafunso onsewa ndi zambiri. Ndipo ife tiyambira ndi yonena za Dante, chifukwa pali yankho ku funso anafuulira pamwamba.

yonena

makolo Dante zinali anthu wamba. Malinga ndi nthano, iwo anali mmodzi wa anthu amene anayambitsa Florence. Dante yekha anabadwa mu mzinda womwewo mu May 1265. Tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake sichinayambe anakhazikitsa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa deta. Place maphunziro luso Wolemba ndakatulo Sizikudziwika, koma ife tikudziwa kuti iye analandira zinthu zambiri mabuku, sayansi ndi chipembedzo. wakeyo choyamba, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, anali Brunetto Latini - amadziwika pa nthawi katswiri wa ku Italy ndi ndakatulo. Ofufuza amasonyeza kuti mu zaka 1286-1287 Dante anaphunzitsidwa ndi wotchuka ndi udindo wa bungwe pa nthawi - University of Bologna.

Anafunitsitsa kudzionetsa ngati chithunzi anthu, Alighieri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIII anali wakhama mu moyo wa Florence ndi 1301 analandira udindo wa Isanafike - pamene mkulu mutu zokwanira. Komabe mu 1302 iye pamodzi ndi gulu analenga woyera Guelph anam'thamangitsira ku Florence. Mwa njira, kwambiri, ndipo iye anafa mu ukapolo, sanawone kwawo chachikulu. Mu zaka zovuta zimenezi, Dante natengako ndi mawu. Ndipo zimene anali ntchito zoyamba a ndakatulo chachikulu ichi, ndi chimene chinali mapeto ao, ife tsopano ndikuwuzani.

Malembo oyambirira

Ndi nthawi Dante anali kale ndi ntchito La Vita Nuova ( "New Life"). Koma izi Mfundo awiri siinamalizidwe. Ena mwa iwo ndi "Phwando" - mtundu wa ndemanga ndi kutanthauzira kwa Canzone. Dante anakonda chilankhulo chake ndi mtundu wake onse zonse kumenyera chitukuko. N'chifukwa chake anabadwa lonena "Pa chiyankhulo cha Amalawi", lolembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo ku Latin. Iye anali kuyembekezera tsogolo la "Phwando": iyenso inali isanatsilizidwe. Pambuyo Alighieri anapereka ntchito pa ntchito izi, malingaliro ake ndi nthawi anatenga ntchito yatsopano - "The Divine Comedy". About iye tsopano kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane.

"Divine Comedy"

Ntchito pa ndakatulo imeneyi wodzipereka kwa Beatrice Portinari, Dante inayamba mu ukapolo. Amakhala ndi magawo atatu, anaitana Canticle: ". Paradaiso" "Hell", "Purigatoriya" ndipo Mwa njira, yomaliza ndi imene Dante atatha kulemba asanamwalire, ndipo komabe anakwanitsa kumaliza ntchitoyo. Aliyense Canticle zikuphatikizapo angapo songs, wopangidwa mwa Terzigno. Chidwi mfundo: mu "Divine Comedy" ndendende 100 songs, ndipo mu gawo lirilonse la kwawo sate-firii, ndipo wina monga oyamba.

Tinakambirana za moyo wa Dante, ntchito zake koma sanazindikire: amene analemba "The Divine Comedy". Wambiri mwa ndakatulo Italy - nkhani ya chikondi mpaka imfa, unrequited ndiponso oopsa.

Dante ndi Beatrice Portinari

moyo Dante akhala kugwirizana ndi mkazi mmodzi yekha. Iye anakomana naye adakali mnyamata - zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Pa chikondwerero mu mzinda, anaona zaka zisanu ndi zitatu wamkazi wa mnansi, dzina lake Beatrice. Dante analidi mu chikondi ndi iye, pamene zaka zisanu ndi zinayi anakumana naye kale m'banja mkazi. chikondi Unrequited adzazunzidwa ndakatulo, ndipo ngakhale zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pa imfa ya Beatrice Portinari, iye sanaiwale za izo. Kale patatha zaka zingapo, dzina la Dante ndi wokonda akhala chizindikiro cha chikondi chimenechi unrequited Plato.

Beatrice Portinari, amene yonena amadziwika yekha mwa chikondi cha Dante iye chisoni anafupikitsa: anamwalira pa zaka makumi awiri ndi anayi. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti aakulu Italy ndakatulo idaleka wake. Ngakhale kuti anabwera mu ukwati wa mayiko, koma moyo wake wonse mpaka imfa yake anakonda basi. Dante anali wamanyazi pang'ono, ndi kukhala mu chikondi ndi Beatrice, analankhula naye kawiri kokha mu moyo wake. Mukhoza sinditchula kulankhula izi ngakhale kulankhula: anakumana pa msewu, Beatrice Portinari ndi Dante kungonena moni. Pambuyo pake, wolemba ndakatulo, umakondwera ndi lingaliro kuti anafotokoza chikondi cha moyo wake, anathamangira kumudzi, kumene iye anali ndi maloto, amene adzakhala mmodzi wa makombo a "New Life". Mayendedwe woyamba pakati Dante Alighieri ndi Beatrice Portinari linafika pamene anali adakali ana ndi koyamba pa holide Florence.

Nthawi zambiri Dante anaona wake wokondedwa, koma kulankhula alephera ake. Kuti Beatrice sanamuzindikire maganizo ake kotero kawirikawiri kulabadira madona ena, kuti ena mphindi anachititsa Kuipidwa kwa wokondedwa wake. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kenako anasiya kulankhula naye.

Tsoka la Beatrice

Iye anabadwa m'banja lolemera: atate wake, Folco Portinari de A, anali wotchuka Florence banki, mayi komanso kubanja la osunga ndalama Bardi, amene anapereka ngongole kwa mapapa ndi mafumu. Kuwonjezera izo, Banjali linali 5 aakazi, zomwe sizodabwitsa chifukwa Ulaya. Monga Tingaone magwero moyo, Beach Moyo, monga chachikulu adachemera ashamwali ache ndi Dante anapita mofulumira kwambiri. Pa makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, anakwatiwa ndi banki yaikulu ya m'banja la mayi ake - Simone DEI Bardi. Patatha zaka zitatu, Beatrice anafa. Pali Mabaibulo angapo la imfa yake. Mmodzi mwa iwo anati kuti Dante okondedwa anamwalira pobereka, ndi zina - kuti imfa yake zokhudzana ndi matenda. Patapita zaka zingapo pambuyo pa imfa ya Beatriche Dante ine ndinakwatira pa mawerengedwe a mkazi wochokera kwa lolemera banja Italy Donati.

Mphamvu pa Dante

Beatrice Portinari, amene chithunzi mukhoza kuona pansipa, anali ndi yosiyana ndi zimene wakhala anafotokozedwa ndi Dante. Ntchito yake, anali okonda idealize njira zake, osatembenukira ku wamkazi, amene analambira. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Beatrice Portinari Dante, zithunzi chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona pansipa, kwa nthawi yaitali maganizo. banja lake ankaopa kuti ndakatulo akhoza kudzipha, mochuluka anali kuvutika. Pomaliza, Dante maganizo mavuto anali, ndipo iye anayamba kulemba "Moyo watsopano", motsogozedwa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana olembedwa ndi alembi amene aona imfa ya mkazi wokondedwa.

Udindo wa luso

Dzina Beatrice Portinari anakhalabe mu mbiriyakale ndipo zinadziwika lero kokha chifukwa Dante. Mu ntchito zake zikuoneka zambiri ndi mwa njira zosiyana. Ndipo ichi ntchito osati ku "Divine Comedy", koma ntchito zina Mwachitsanzo, mu "New Life" ndi sonnets, lolembedwa ndi anzake. Beatrice anapeza chimake ake mu ntchito za olemba ena, kuphatikizapo Russian: Nikolai Gumilyov, Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov.

Ukwati Beatrice Portinari

Mosiyana ndi chikondi cha ndakatulo lalikulu la chibwenzi chake chinali mofulumira palibe kupereka madalitso reciprocal. Chifukwa iye adachokera ku banja mfulu, iye anali kukwatiwa pa mawerengedwe a membala olemera a mtundu wa mayi ake, Simone De Bardi. Unknown, iye anali osangalala kapena ayi. Izi zitha anaganiza. Mwa njira, pamene Dante anaona Beatrice Portinari kachiwiri mu moyo wake, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo naye, pamene iwo anali ana, anali sanakwatire.

Sitingathe kunena chimodzimodzi, zikhoza kukhala pafupi ndi Dante kwa Beatrice, ndipo iye anali kukhala mpaka mapeto a moyo wake, ndi kokha mtengo kwambiri chikondi Plato. Mulimonsemo, monga moyo ndi imfa ya Beatrice ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha Italy wonse, ndi pa ndakatulo Italy yekha. Kuphatikizapo imfa ya ndakatulo kwambiri zogwirizana ndi mavuto pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi amamukonda. Ndi zoona. Tidzakhala chake.

imfa ya Dante

Patapita zaka zingapo pambuyo Beatrice anafa, admirer ake chinsinsi anakwatira pa mawerengedwe a mkazi kuchokera m'banja lolemera Donati. nthawi zonse zitachitika, ndi imfa ya Dante analemba. ntchito zonse zimene anatuluka cholembera chake, anali ndithu zoyenera mmodzi wa Beatrice Portinari. Wambiri Dante akuswa mofulumira ndipo mofulumira kuti si wodalirika. да Поленты. Mu zaka 1316-1317 wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri zikukhazikitsa mu mzinda ku Italy Ravenna, kufika kumeneko pa kuyitana kwa Signor Guido da Polenta. Ravenna yoikidwiratu kazembe ndi osayanjanitsika ndi Republic of St. Marko, Dante amayendera Venice. nkhani inatha bwinobwino, koma pa njira ya kubwerara kuna ndakatulo iyi amadwala malungo ndipo anafa, ndipo asanafike Ravenna. Mosakayikira, imfa ya ndakatulo wamkulu inextricably zogwirizana ndi imfa ya Beatrice Portinari. Photo imfa chigoba cha Dante mukhoza kuona pansipa.

а Полента обещал построить роскошный мавзолей в честь Данте, однако по неизвестным нам причинам не сделал это. Signor Guido makalata Polenta ndipo analonjeza kuti amange mausoleum zazikulu polemekeza Dante, koma sanatero zifukwa sakudziwika kwa ife. kumanda kwambiri Italy ndakatulo ndi anamangidwira yekha mu 1780. Chidwi mfundo: chithunzi, akuonetsedwa m'manda a Boccaccio, pang'ono osadalirika. Dante akufotokozedwa pa izo ndi ndevu nkhungu, pamene iye nthawizonse atameta bwino mu moyo weniweniwo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Kutengera pa ntchito za Dante natchedwa zambiri zithunzi. Pakati wotchuka kwambiri - "Hell Khadi" (La mappa Dell chimoto) Sandro Botticelli. Modern wolemba khola Braun mu buku lake "Inferno" anafotokoza uthenga encrypted pa cithunzithunzi ici trasngumanista Bertrand Zobrist. Mwa njira, ntchito pamwamba pafupifupi chiwembu lonse womangidwa kwa "Divine Comedy" ndi kuwamasulira ano.

Ezhen Delakrua, French zojambulajambula, spellbound ndi tsoka la Dante ndi Beatrice Portinari, chithunzi chimene, mwatsoka, sichinayambe apulumuka, utoto "The Barque wa Dante," kumene komanso anapeza dziko kutchuka.

Wathunso mmene Dante ndi Russian olemba ndi ndakatulo. Mwachitsanzo, pali ochepa Anny Ahmatovoy a ndakatulo, mwanjira ina zikugwirizana ndi Beatrice Portinari ndi Dante. Pali mphamvu ya Italy Wolemba Russian ndakatulo Nikolai Gumilyov, amenenso ntchito chifanizo cha Dante, ukapolo ku ntchito yake. Pansipa, inu mungakhoze basi kuwona chithunzi cha "The Barque wa Dante," chimene chimafotokoza ulendo wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Gahena. Ichi ndi chiyambi cha "Divine Comedy."

Pomaliza

Ndithudi aliyense amene anadzazidwa ndi moyo ndiponso maganizo a Dante, akuona kuti tsopano zosavuta (mwinanso ndi katundu) chisoni. Inde, nkhani ya zimene zinachitika pakati Beatrice Portinari ndi Dante Alighieri, inu simungathe kudzako ndi. Imeneyi, kotero yosavuta zonyozeka mwatsatanetsatane ake, choyamba kupanga maganizo olakwika a chikondi chosakhala ndi mavuto ambiri m'banja. Koma kuganiza bwino, ife timvetsetsa kuti chinthu chachikulu mu zonsezi - mmene anaimba lalikulu Italy ndakatulo wokondedwa wake Beatrice Portinari. Dante, amene chithunzi chili kosiyana kwa moyo wake mukuonera nkhaniyi, kukhala mbali ya mbiri ya dziko lapansi ndi chizindikiro cha chikondi chenicheni, amene kotero akusowa masiku ano.