Matua Island. Severo-Kurilsk mzinda chigawo Sakhalin dera

Matua Island - ali bwinja lero chidutswa cha dziko, omwe kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi chifunga wandiweyani, kupereka malo ichi akadali ndi chinsinsi chachikulu.

makhalidwe General

Chilumba osadziwika wa unyolo Kuril. miyeso ake ali ochepa: kutalika - 11 Km, m'lifupi - 6.5 Km. Pachimake apamwamba ndi Sarycheva (kuphulika Fuyou) - kutalika kwake ndi mamita 1485. Kutali m'madera asezare wa Sakhalin ndi Kamchatka, pamaso pa kuphulika yogwira ndi zachinsinsi mabuku a mbiri yakale kugwirizana ndi pamalowo, ndi chifukwa kuti chisumbucho chiri tsopano bwinja. Tikumbukenso kuti pambuyo pa kugonja kwa Japan mu August 1945 zaka zambirimbiri pachilumbachi pali malire yogwira. Koma mu 2000 anawonongedwa ndi moto. Kuyambira pamenepo, chisumbu cha Matua anakhala m'chipululu kwathunthu. Only zina kuno ulendo, amene mamembala mukulimbana ndi mayankho a zodabwitsa izi malo aang'ono dziko.

Island History

Kutchula koyamba za chilumba opezeka mu kafukufuku wa Ivan Kozyrevsky inatero. Iye anali mmodzi wa adayamba nkhani ya Islands Kuril, popeza anakafika zina mwa iwo ndipo anapatsa mayina iwo. Iye anaitana Matua Island Motogo. Komanso, malo umenewu ikutchulidwa mu magazini kafukufuku Cossack mkulu Ivan Black, revenues mu zaka 1766-1769 kuti Iturup. Iye akuitana Matua Island Mutova. Iwo Ivan Cherny kwa nthawi koyamba phiri Fuyou kumuyitana ndi knoll. Mfundozi zachokera ku Kuriles nkhani, akuuza nkhani ya mmene kuphulika moto anachititsa rockfalls choopsa kwa amene adamphera zamoyo zonse mwa utali wozungulira wa makilomita angapo.

Mpaka m'ma XX, chisumbu cha Matua anali malo kuthetsa mavuto onse a Ainu. Tikudziwanso kuti mu 1923 panali kuthetsa Matsu-mura, imene mazana angapo Japanese moyo. Ndiye chisumbucho chinali mbali ya gawo lamkati la Japan ndipo, nthawi zambiri, zaka 20-30th anayamba ntchito yomanga maofesi a asilikali ndi aya. chakuti pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, chisumbu cha Matua anali yofunika njira chandamale Japan. Iye anakhala linga amphamvu kwambiri amene ankalamulira mbali zonse za Pacific Ocean kumpoto-kumadzulo.

Mfundo Matua Island

Komabe, kuwonjezera pa mfundo zoonekeratu kuti atsimikizire kuti panali airfield, mafuta omwetsera ndi ndege, pali zifukwa zokhulupirira kuti chilumba cha Matua chinsinsi m'munsi mwa Japanese, amene akhoza kupanga mankhwala ndi zida zotere.

Mfundo ndi yakuti kuwonjezera pa ndege ndipo maukonde lonse za malinga (bunkers, pillboxes, caponiers, kunkhondo, ngalande), kupezeka poyera, pali pachilumba nyumba zambiri mobisa, cholinga cha amene adakali silidziŵika. Ndi chiyani icho - mankhwala Laboratories ananamizira malo, m'misasa bomba, asilikali ndi lamulo positi? Funso limeneli si nthawi zotheka kuyankha mosapita m'mbali. Ambiri mwa zinthu ndi zobisika kwambiri makomo mobisa ndi madzi anasefukira chifukwa cha mabomba ndi kuphulika. Koma kunja kwa dziko lapansi amakhala kunja wambirimbiri chitsulo ndi dongo mipope. Malinga ndi nkhani za ophunzira za maulendo, ulipo ndipo ananamizira madzi nsanja, bunkers simenti ndi zitseko zitsulo ndi mawindo. chakuti chilumba akhoza ikuchitika mayesero zasayansi ndipo apeza umboni mu milu ya masensa chitsulo, gauges kuthamanga, centrifuge, flasks kugawanika ndi machubu mayeso. Koma ngati kotero, kumene anachita delos zofunika zida chovala? Ndipo funso lofunika kwambiri - kodi labu.

Kupeza mayankho a mafunso amenewa kwa zaka zambiri chinkhoswe mu mutu kwamuyaya kwa Kamchatka-Kuril ulendo Evgeniy Mihaylovich Vereschaga. Iye, monga ambiri ofufuza ena timakonda kukhulupirira kuti chilumba Japanese wa Matua anali mothballed pamaso pa Japanese anagonja kwa asilikali a Soviet. Baibulo ameneyu ndi mabuku a mbiri yakale. August 18 mu Kuriles tidakocheza asilikali Soviet, ndi nkhaniyi itadziwika mu zilumba. Kaboma Matua Island mwalamulo anagonja pa August 25. Ndi, Japanese nawo nthawi kuchotsa mfundo zonse, koma chakuti n'zosatheka kuchotsa, kubisa mobisa kwambiri.

Ambiri mwina, basi isanafike Kudzipereka asilikali oposa 10 zikwi anali kuchoka pa chilumbacho. 3811 Ndipo anthu Japanese amene anagonja - anthu asilikali amene ankachita kuti anapulumutsidwa chilumbachi ndi zonse kubisika.

N'kosatheka kulabadira mmene ofotokozedwa ndi Japanese anafika pomanga airfield lapansi. Runways pa izo qualitatively alimbane ndi simenti, kuti lero chikhalidwe chake si zoipa kwambiri kuposa Mwachitsanzo, mu Sheremetyevo. Total anali okonzeka ndi runways atatu, awiri amene anakonza kufanana kwa mzake, ndi wachitatu - pa makona a madigiri 45 ndi ulemu kwa ena. Ndi osati mwamwayi. Awiri kufanana ankagwiritsa ntchito monga waukulu, ndi wachitatu ntchito pamene mphepo ndi nyanja. Komabe anamwazikana padziko airfield mazana a migolo ya mafuta, zomwe Tingaone chosonyeza Wehrmacht. Ena mwa iwo ndi zonse.

nthawi unawonongedwa

Kale pambuyo usilikali Japanese anasamutsidwa kuchoka Matua, ndipo anakhala kumeneko Russian, pachilumba cha zochitika zachilendo zimachitika: Anthu osaonekanso, kuwala usiku zidawala otsetsereka a phiri ... Ndipo kumapeto kwa 60s, ndi alonda malire atatu adapeza wina wa khomo ndi phanga, ndipo lotengeka ndi chidwi, ife tinapita kumeneko. Ambiri anali asanaonepo kachiwiri. Zinali zitachitika Pambuyo chiletso boma pa kulowa mu mphanga Japanese.

Mtsutsano Kupititsa ndi Japan

Russia ndi Japan, ndipo lero simungathe kugawanitsa Islands Kuril. Kumalire ndi Japan Sanasinthe chiyambire Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, kenako Islands Kuril onse inalowa mu Soviet Union. Komabe, mbali Japanese ndipo amati umwini wa kum'mwera zilumba za Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan ndi gulu la zilumba za Habomai, amene, mu maganizo awo, chinkhoswe Russia mu mawonekedwe kuti alibe yodalirika pansi. The mbali Russian alibe kuzindikira mkangano dera lawo, monga mfundo chilamulo ndi chifukwa cha zochitika m'mbiri N'zosakayikitsa.

Ngakhale kuti kuyambira August 1945 Matua Island (Kuril Islands) limabweretsa Russia, iye anapitiriza kusunga zinsinsi zambiri za Japanese.