Kodi loyang'ana ndi lofanana. Mau ofanana, otsutsana, paronyms, maphunziro awo ndi ntchito

mawu unit yaikulu ya kulankhula ndi kuphunzira mu madera osiyana a zilankhulo. Mwachitsanzo, phokoso la mawu amaphunzira mu chigawo Phonetics. Apa Timaona pamaso pa mawu a, e, zilembo, chiwerengero cha syllables nkhawa ndipo unstressed, etc. Adzaupereka kwa munthu mmodzi kapena mbali ina ya kulankhula amaphunzira mu gawo kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe. Udindo wa mawuwo m'chiganizo ndi akulingalira gawo chinenero malembedwe. Phindu la mawu chake tanthauzo, kuchuluka kwa zake ntchito, stylistic mitundu, za m'mbiri chiyambi maphunziro gawo Lexicology.

Lexical ndi kalembedwe tanthauzo la mawu umanena. Choncho, kusintha lexical (kapena tanthauzo) ya mawu, kusintha ntchito yake kalembedwe. Phunzirani kwambiri kuti kodi loyang'ana ndi lofanana, Paronite, zizindikiro zawo, mungathe mu buku pa chinenero. M'nkhani yomweyi likunena zambiri mwachidule za mfundo imeneyi.

Kodi loyang'ana ndi lofanana

Zotsutsana (kuchokera Greek wa odana -. Vs. + onuma - dzina) - mawu ufalikire tanthauzo. Iwo ntchito chilankhulidwe kufotokoza kusiyana:

chabwino - choipa;

wokongola - lowopsya;

otentha - ozizira;

ayezi - lawi;

mkulu - otsika;

waulemu - zamwano;

Ndimadana - chikondi;

ntchito - idleness;

nkhondo - mtendere;

yozizira - chilimwe, etc.

Mu zitsanzo akachita khalidwe zosiyana mtengo boma katundu wa zinthu ndi zochitika. Koma Sitinganene kuti Russian chinenero mu mawu onse awo omwe awiri otsutsana. Mwachitsanzo: manauni ndi mtengo yeniyeni - khoma, tebulo, zenera - mulibe awiri a.

Zotsutsana kungakhale:

• Ndi mizu osiyana: nkhondo - mtendere, wosakwiya - kudya, wakuda - woyera.
• Chomwecho muzu: moona - kenakake, mkulu - otsika.
• Ndi manambala oyambirira "za-" ndi "wachibale", "za-" ndi "Ndinu" ndi tanthauzo zosiyana: lotseguka - pafupi, kukaika - kukumba.

Zotsutsana azikongoletsa iwo, kuwapangitsa iwo yowala ndi limaonetseratu. Otsutsana ankagwiritsa ntchito nthano miyambi, ndi mawu: "Kodi ndikutali - kaya pafupi, kaya mkulu - otsika apo," mu zopeka: "Mwina ndifotokoze mavuto onse a m'munda adiresi, iye ankaona akufa, ndipo anakhala wa moyo." (A. Twardowski).

Mayina a ntchito zina zigwirizana otsutsana, "zoweta ndi zakuthengo nyama"; "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", "Masiku usana ndi usiku".

Mau ofanana (kuchokera Greek synonymos mawu -. Zilembo za dzina lomweli) - mawu a matanthauzo ofanana, kalembedwe osiyana ndi katchulidwe, komanso mithunzi osiyana. Share on ideographic (zamalankhulidwe) ndi stylistic.

Ideographic (wochedwanso zamalankhulidwe) ofanana matanthauzo

Yerekezerani: nyumba yaikulu, nyumba yaikulu, nyumba yaikulu.

Zikuonekeratu kuti amatanthauza nyumba zazikulu, koma ndi mawu onse kusintha hue. Woyamba mawu lalikulu lachiwiri yaitali woyamba, ndi chachitatu lalikulu kuposa yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Monga mukuonera, ndi iwo ali kulemba kosiyana.

Mau ofanana - nkhawa, mukubwadamuka, nkhawa - ndi phindu okwana pafupi: nkhawa, kusowa mpumulo.

ofananira stylistic

Mawu amenewa osiyana mokoma stylistic: chala - chala; (milomo.) m'tsogolo kubwera (buku) - akubwera.

Zikamera wa ofananira:

• Kufanana kwa zinthu ndi zochitika, akuti mawu latsopano. Mwachitsanzo: uthenga, mphekesera, mphekesera, lipoti, uthenga.
• Kusinthika kuchokera ku mawu a chinenero china mu Russian: Ndisanaumbidwe - wosabadwayo, wochititsa - kalozera.
• Wa mawu achikale a chinenero ndakatulo: chala - chala pamphumi - mphumi, diso - diso, Beach - Breg.
• Kuyambira colloquial, chitachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, mawu kalankhulidwe kena ndi collocations: maso - kuyang'ana, aukali - aukali.
• Kuyambira mawu osiyana muzu: mkuntho wa chisanu, Mkuntho, mkuntho wa chisanu.
• Wa ma terminological mawu: Air Force - Aviation, ndi mano - ndi mano.

abale angapo kufunika kwa mtundu mawu ofanana matanthauzo ofanana.

Mau ofanana Chirasha mbali yofunika kulankhula. Amathandiza bwino kunena mfundo, kupewa kubwereza zosafunika, kusonyeza mithunzi osiyana mawu, zochitika, makhalidwe. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu luso la sayansi ndi colloquial kulankhula: "Ine wopindidwa mbedza, ndinali kutali, ndinaona ufa, ndipo ngati kudziwika chisoni." (A. Twardowski).

Tsopano muli ndi chithunzithunzi cha mmene loyang'ana ndi lofanana. Tiyeni tisunthire kwa Paronyms.

Paronyms (Greek Para -. Near, ohyma - dzina) - mawu omwewo muzu, ofanana mu phokoso koma ndi matanthauzo osiyana. Komanso ofanana matanthauzo, otsutsana, paronyms akatidzadza izo, ndi thandizo molondola lofotokoza mfundo molondola. Kulenga zambiri puns. Mwachitsanzo: "Tsiku lina zamkuwa, mafupa a chiuno hammering, anati mkazi wake, kufunitsitsa: Ndikufunsani ana Taxco, ndipo mathamangitsidwe molakalaka Ndine!". A mogwirizana ofanana, koma chosiyana tanthauzo la mawu amapereka omveka bwino masewera.

Paronyms zingasiyane suffixes: poyka - kuthirira, yophika - yophika. Kodi consonant manambala oyambirira: anapita - lankhosa.

Ntchito!

Pano pali chithunzi. Ife timachitcha icho ku "zodabwitsa za chilengedwe". Inde, kuphatikiza zodabwitsa ayezi ndi chisanu ndi lawi la kolowera dzuwa. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito otsutsana ndi ofanana matanthauzo kuti lemba wokongola. Pangani parsing ziganizo, onani zimene amapereka akhale mamembala.

Mukudziwa chimene loyang'ana ndi lofanana, paronym, luso logwiritsa ntchito iwo azikongoletsa maganizo luso la sayansi, chinenero chawo chimalankhulidwa kumakupatsani mwayi wokwanira. Iwo chidwi kwambiri mbali ya chinenero chilichonse.