Kodi positi munda? Field Post WWII ndi zamakono

Field Post wakhala unachita mbali yofunika mwa mitundu yake yonse ena amene wakhalapo pa dera la Russia. Kenako anatenga udindo waukulu, kenako osaonekanso kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma mwamsanga pamene kwinakwake anabweretsa nkhondo ndi kuyamba Nkhondo yogwira, nthawi yomweyo adatulukiranso kwa patsogolo.

Pansi Field Post ambiri amadziwira msonkhano wapadera amene amapereka mthenga, positi asilikali utumiki. Dzina limeneli lili mu yamtendere ndi nkhondo, kumakhaladi karate.

N'chifukwa chiyani positi sagwiritsa ntchito alipidwa adiresi kulemba dongosolo

Kuti muyike yobereka zinachitikadi mosalekeza, aliyense wagawo usilikali ali ndi adiresi munda nambala imene kutumiza makalata. Mpaka 1942 kuwerenga mailboxes mayunitsi asilikali anali wopanda ungwiro, ndipo mu nkhani ya kudutsana wa adiresi mdani pafupi ndi malo a asilikali izo zikanakhoza awulule osati kokha chiwerengero cha mayunitsi usilikali, ndipo ngakhale malo a dislocation awo. Koma pambuyo 05.10.1942 yosainidwa dongosolo NKO USSR №0679, pamene malangizo kwa kutumiza makalata kwa Red Army, nthenda zonse awawongolera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ngati simukudziwa chiwerengero cha unit asilikali, dzina lake, nthambi ya utumiki wake komanso malo nambala kufufuza kumunda positi sudzapereka mfundo iliyonse yeniyeni. deta amenewa amaonedwa chinsinsi (chinsinsi nkhondo) ndi silidzathyoledwa kuwuluridwa, osati ndiye, pamene iwo apite kunkhondo, koma ngakhale yamtendere.

Mbiri ya yatsoka a positi munda

Deti la maziko akuti ndi munda positi mu 1695. The anayambitsa anali mfumu yomaliza ya onse Russia ndi woyamba Russian Mfumu Peter I. Izi zinachitika pa misonkhano yokopa wotchuka Azov. Zonse Russian asilikali positi kumeneko mu msonkhano (April 1695 - August 1696) mu mbali ziwiri za gulu la asilikali kuti: Volga ndi Don. Iwo amagwira ntchito pafupifupi mwamsanga mokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, maimelo anatumiza kwa Moscow, anafika komwe anakhumba m'dera la Azov za tsiku la 15.

Dzina "munda positi" anaonekera yekha mu May 1712, ndipo potsiriza wotetezedwa mwa malamulo asilikali yekha Peter I mu 1716 Mu zaka za m'ma 18. (pa Great kumpoto nkhondo) kuchirikiza mgwirizano pakati pa likulu ndi kutsogolo ayikidwa kale otchedwa mzere wa "mopupuluma kulankhulana. " "Pafupifupi pa alumali" ntchito yochepa, koma akutumikira poyamba dragoons, amene Kenako anasiya dalaivala ochiritsira.

Kenako ukuyanga munda positi anabwera 1812, pamene mothandizidwa ndi mana anaperekedwa ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mbali zosiyana za asilikali. komanso amalankhulira ndi St. Petersburg, Moscow ndi kumbuyo. Code Napoleon anayamba Kukwezeleza yogwira ntchito Moscow, ambiri a misewu positi anali m'magulu (pafupifupi mbewu anali ku akavalo 30 mpaka 50, omwe amaperekedwa anthu). Pambuyo asilikali Napoleon anali anagonjetsa ndipo anathamangitsidwa ku malire, positi munda anasamukira pambuyo ndipo anali pafupi Paris.

Ntchito ya positi munda mu Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Mu Soviet Union, munda zofunika kwambiri linali lofika makalata, makamaka pamene dziko bingu nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Zinali ndiye kuti lamulolo (nambala 233 pachibwenzi 29.02.1920 anali) yosainidwa, ponena kuti mu nkhani sizingatheke musazengereze ngolo positi pa sitima ya. Pofuna kukhala zoyenda zonse, ndi commandants za mwamtheradi onse okwerera sitima anali angagwirizanitse iwo ku mbali iliyonse ya sitima yapamtunda. Pa nthawi imeneyo, makalata Vans anali ofanana kufunika zotengera zokhala ndi mawilo ndi katundu wa asilikali. Komanso kuti zimenezi zikuoneka kuti makalata yoperekera kwa Red Army si wosatsutsika kufunika asilikali, komanso makhalidwe ndi andale.

Field Post, ndipo The Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa nthawi ya nkhondo kugwirizana mayunitsi asilikali, sitima, zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo sukulu, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, komanso anthu achite munda asilikali positi. Mu nthawi zambiri zomvetsa chisoni m'mbiri ya ngwazi m'dziko lathu osati asilikali, koma kutumikira positi, wotipulumutsa makalata kwa mayunitsi asilikali alipo, kuika miyoyo yawo pachiswe. Iwo analinso kutenga zida ndi kuteteza katundu wake wamtengo wapataliyu, chifukwa ngati makalata anagwa m'manja mwa adani, asilikali athu agonje yaikulu.

Tikumbukenso kuti munda positi WWII mu mwezi kwa Red Army za 70 miliyoni makalata ndi manyuzipepala 30 miliyoni. Buku waukulu makalata anali pakati pa asilikali ndi okondedwa awo amene anali kumbuyo.

Pa chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo Office unakhazikitsidwa karate-mail (m'tsinde mwa Main Directorate wa Red Army Kulumikizana). Komanso pa amadzibisa ndi likulu lonse lankhondo kukhazikitsa m'madipatimenti wapadera ndi madera - okwerera munda makalata.

Features kutumiza makalata kwa kutsogolo

Letters anapitiriza adzaperekedwa ngakhale pa kuzinga Leningrad ndi mafunsidwe a Sevastopol. Field Post sanaleke ntchito zawo, ngakhale njala, ozizira, ndipo bombardments zonse. Makalata anabweretsa sledging, ngolo ndipo ngakhale chabe kunditumiza ku manja.

Pa bombardment wosatha mwa likulu ogwira ntchito za kuthengo asilikali positi ofesi ankayenera kugwira ntchito mu zinthu zankhanza kwambiri zimaperekedwa. Atagwira ndipo makalata chosakaniza analandira osati dugouts ndi tinyumba ta, ndipo ngakhale basi pansi kapena mu glade nkhalango. Ndipo nthawi zambiri kupulumutsa maimelo kuti oyenda kukwawa pansi mfuti moto, kudutsa minefields. Cholinga chachikulu anapereka kalata kuchokera kunyumba kwa asilikali a kunkhondo, ndipo zikalata - atsogoleri bunkers. Ndi uthenga kunyumba anapereka asilikali mphamvu ndi kupitiriza kuteteza dziko lawo.

Letter-ankadziwana - News kuchokera kutsogolo

yobereka Keyala ikuchitika onse kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuchokera kutsogolo. Pamene postman afika pansi volleys a "Katyusha" kwa gawo wolakalakika wa asilikali, iwo anatenga makalata mu mawonekedwe a makona a. Zinali uthenga kutsogolo, mbadwa, amene analankhula zoti ana awo amuna ndi moyo.

Mu Soviet Union iwo anatumiza makalata kuchokera kutsogolo kwaulere. Iwo mwapadera apangidwe (njira imeneyi inali ntchito envulopu kuti anali wokongola kwambiri kuti mukhale pa mzere kutsogolo konse) mu mawonekedwe a makona a.

Wina ali yense sakugawana kalata ngati ndi losavuta: kutenga pepala amakona anayi (zambiri amuke ku kope kwambiri wamba), anawerama poyamba kuchokera kumanja mpaka kumanzere, ndiyeno mosinthanitsa - kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhalabe Mzere ka pepala, amene anaikapo mu makona a. Ndithudi, palibe wina kusindikiza makalata (chilichonse kalata kuchokera ndondomeko kutsogolo kufufuza chinachitika, kotero kuti m'dani sankadziwa Zoganizira za Red Army), mtundu si ntchito, ndi adiresi olembedwa pamwamba pa pepala.

Dongosolo manambala a Soviet Union

M'munda wa zakale USSR-mail ntchito njira yapadera angapo a mayunitsi zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo ndi malo. Kodi yachibadwa adiresi ziyenera kulembedwa, ananena makalata ndi manambala. Icho chinali choyamba mu makalata / ola amatanthauzidwa unit usilikali, ndiye akutsatiridwa ndi zisanu manambala angapo manambala - mbali zina za ndondomekozi, pambuyo kalata (omwe amatanthauza ndi gawo mkati). Tikumbukenso kuti Soviet Union yobereka Makadi ndi makalata moti ankaweruzidwa (monga kwa iwo, ndi mosemphanitsa) ndi kwaulere.

The zikuchitika wa adiresi wa kumunda la Russia

Mu nthawi yathu, positi munda sanataye kufunika kwake. Iye ali, monga kale, ndicho chifungulo popereka kugwirizana pakati pa formations zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo. Tsopano aliyense wagawo asilikali ali chizindikiro chake, chomwe ndi manambala zisanu (anayi) ndi makalata (mwachitsanzo, №54321-U kapena / h №01736-C).

Kuti makalata (munda), ku Russia akupitiriza kugwira ntchito yake, boma mosalekeza kupanga zosankha zofunika thandizo ake ndi kusintha. Choncho, mmodzi wa RF Goskoma malangizo kwa kutumiza mauthenga ndi mauthenga (№104 pa 25.12.1997) izo unkachitika kuti, mu zilembo zachilendo ndipo mapositi khadi (masekeli 20 g) wotumidwa kuchokera mayunitsi usilikali ndipo anatumiza pa RF ndi ayenera kuti stamped mawonekedwe triangular. sitampu Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti kalatayo sikutanthauza wotumizira. Chabwino, ngati akulemera kwambiri ndiye kutumiza ikuchitika pa maziko wamba (pa mlingo).

Mwa njira, kalata-Triangles adakali osati otha palokha, chifukwa m'munda wa envulopu kumenyana akadali kovuta kuti abwere ndi, kotero njira imeneyi akadali ankagwiritsa ntchito.