Mu nyimbo m'mphepete ndi - ndi ... nyimbo akuti "m'mphepete"

Mu nyimbo Kant - mtundu wa banja polyphonic nyimbo. Iye analandira ambiri Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine. Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani maonekedwe a m'mbali? Kodi mtundu wanyimbo akatswiri ali chiyambi chake? ndi makhalidwe chibadidwe chiyani icho? Izi ndi nkhani zina chidwi osati kwa bwalo yopapatiza akatswiri, komanso anthu kufuna amene amasangalala ndi luso la nyimbo.

Choral nyimbo

Musanawerenge funso "kodi m'mphepete mwa nyimbo?" Inu muyenera kuganizira ntchito choral wonse. Choral nyimbo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana: wowerengeka, chipembedzo, boma, akatswiri. Nyimbo folklore choral kuyimba uko mu mawonekedwe a wowerengeka nyimbo. The nyimbo ikhoza kukhala chatsekedwa dongosolo (wathunthu luso) ndi lotseguka.

nyimbo Choral amadziŵika ndi makhalidwe ena. Choyamba, mtundu wa polyphony: homophony, heterophony kapena polyphony. Chachiwiri, zikuchokera akuchita: Unaccompanied (a'capella), payekha kuimba kapena limodzi (zoimbidwa nyimbo).

Nyimbo Choral akhoza kukhala mbali imodzi ya ntchito zazikulu, ndi kulemba palokha kwathunthu. Ponseponse zosiyanasiyana mankhwala choral kuti ntchito lero. Dongosolo limeneli, galamafoniyo, komanso harmonization.

Kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha nyimbo choral anali ndi luso wakale Greece, Byzantium, India ndi ku Iguputo. Kutha kwa Christianity mu ziphunzitso ndi Chikatolika chimasonyeza zamoyo wa achipembedzo ndi akunja. Mu Middle Ages pali mtundu wa polyphony oyambirira, wotchedwa organum. mchitidwe umenewu zosiyanasiyana ndi mipingo ya m'mizinda ikuluikulu European kukhala malo mpingo choral nyimbo. Mayunivesite ayamba kulira wophunzira nyimbo ndi motets boma.

Choral kuimba (polyphony) chikukula mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Amakhazikitsa mfundo za umphumphu wa zikuchokera nyimbo, anafalikira m'dziko mitundu yosiyanasiyana ku boma, Mitundu watsopano (motet, madrigal, Misa, Magnificat, chanson). Ntchito ya ambuye wa sukulu Dutch anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kasinthidwe nyimbo choral. Mwa oimira zofunika kwambiri tisaiwale Dufay, Despres, Izak, Obrecht, Okegema.

njira ndiponso mfundo zofunika zokongoletsa za ambuye wa sukulu Dutch anaonekera mu ntchito za Lasso, Gabrieli, Palestrina, Monteverdi ndi ena. Mphindi kiyi Zinali kuoneka opera. Ichi chinali kulekana kotsiriza kwa mpingo choral nyimbo. Mothandizidwa ndi kupanga mtundu wanyimbo anapanga cantatas ndi oratorios.

ndi m'mphepete mwa nyimbo chiyani?

Monga tanena mtundu uwu wa kunyumba polyphonic nyimbo. Kuyambira cha m'ma XVII lonse la Russia mofulumira osauka syllabic ndakatulo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali m'mphepete, ndi monga mtundu wanyimbo akatswiri. Poyamba, analembedwa makamaka mabuku achipembedzo komanso otchedwa Psal'ma.

m'mbali oyambirira zili zovuta dongosolo zina, amene zogwirizana Russian ndi Ukraine wowerengeka songs, Polish nyimbo ndipo Chabwino adzaiimba. Iwo anabwera zosiyanasiyana zili thematic ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyimbo.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, kachitidwe kawo intonation kwambiri wabwino. Organically zapiringizana zinthu za nyimbo ofala wowerengeka ndi mitundu kuvina. Ena mitundu m'mbali mwamphamvu mbali ya m'kamwa wowerengeka mwambo.

Chiyambi cha m'mbali

Osati aliyense amadziwa tanthauzo la "m'mphepete". Kumasulira kwa Latin - "kuimba". Magwero kuyamba ndi chikhalidwe nyimbo ya Poland. Kuyambira cha m'ma XVI, iwo anali kutchedwa "kantychek". Ponseponse mu Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus, iwo analowa mu zaka XVI-XVII. nkhani anali osiyanasiyana ndithu. amalonda wauzimu zatchuka kwambiri pakati pa atsogoleri mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVII. Izi "kulapa" kapena "kumangirira" amalonda. Iwo anachita mu mayendedwe bata ndi mumasangalala nawo. Tinali mungoli volumetric ndi choral nyumba yosungiramo katundu.

gawo nyimbo

Kutacha zikufanana ndi piping lapansi. Nyimbo zimenezi zinali kwa mavoti anayi, asanu, asanu ndi atatu, khumi kapena kuposerapo. chiwerengero chawo anafika twente-foro ndi forte-eyiti. Mawonekedwe zotsogola wa polyphonic kuimba anakhala zoimbaimba wopatulika. Iwo anaomba mu nthawi ya utumiki chikondwerero Mulungu. Ndiyamika zoimbaimba, ndi kalembedwe watsopano amene alipo lero. Izi ndi mzere asanu stave. Ndipo ngati pamaso pa partesnogo kalembedwe anali mbedza, mu nthawi iyi pali kufunika kujambula molondola polyphony amgwirizano. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, aliyense cholemba akuimira pamwamba ndi nthawi.

Partesnogo ntchito analenga Oimba ambiri. Komabe, wotchuka kwambiri Nikolai Diletsky, Vasily Titov, Nikolai Kalashnikov, wotchedwa Dmitry Berezovsky ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Bortniansky.

Masalmo kwa Kant

Masalmo, mosiyana masalmo mpingo ankafuna kuti zoweta nyimbo kupanga. Iwo sanachite mapemphero ntchito, kuti awo sanali malamulo okhwima okhudza. Choncho iwo mwamsanga anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo zatchuka pa XVII atumwi ku Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine. Zitsanzo polemba chinenero ichi angapezeke mu buku lotchedwa "Menologion" Simeona Polotskogo. Music malemba olembedwa Vasily Titov.

Masalmo - ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu kusintha kwa yakale nyimbo zopatulika. Makamaka, polemba chinenero cha m'mphepete m'nyimbo. Nthawi zina za matanthauzo a mau amenewa zofanana.

mbali khalidwe: mbali zitatu kayendedwe, ulaliki wa awiri chapamwamba kufanana magawo mavoti, yoimba limanena, amgwirizano mafupa. Zonsezi kukhala mbali yaikulu ya Kant m'zaka XVIII.

Mbali ziwiri mtundu wa masalmo, ndi amaipidwa ndi phindu zamalankhulidwe Malemba ndakatulo. Khalidwe la nyimbo akhoza zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera mapemphero ndi madandaulo kwa mayamiko ndi amalingalira.

Cants m'nyengo ya Peter I

Panthawi imeneyi, zatenga malo apadera pa m'mbali kukonda dziko lako mitu. Amaonedwa kukhala misa otchuka mtundu wanyimbo, anamva pa zikondwerero nduna zoyenera kuwina nkhondo ndi mphindi zofunika Tsikuli nathawitsidwa moyo pagulu. Pansi Peter Ine kumanga Chipilala cha kupambana. Izi zinachitika pa Moscow, ndipo kenako m'misewu ya St. Petersburg pa mwambo anapambana nkhondo. Opambana anakumana ku chipata cha kwayala kuimba ndi miyambo fanfare a magulu a asilikali.

Panegyric ndi vivatnye m'mbali

Amalonda ndi chinagwira mwapadera analengedwa mu ulemu wa mfumu ndi ankhondo ake. Pa nthawi imeneyo kunali dzina Kudera monga "laudatory" ndi "vivatny". Mu panhgurikoz Greek - nyimbo iyi zotamanda matamando kwambiri. Kumasulira kwa vivat Latin zikutanthauza "moyo wautali". Kuimba m'mbali izi pamodzi ndi kuwerenga "mawu otamanda", alternated ndi kulira mabelu ndi mizinga ndi mfuti, ndipo anali limodzi ndi kusewera mkuwa zida mphepo. Mu nyimbo m'mphepete ndi - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa amalonda chofunika kwambiri, zimene amapezeka panyumba. Iwo anaomba pambuyo zokamba olandiridwa ndi wapadera monga mkate. Panegyric m'mbali m'gulu la owonetsera kusewera sukulu ya St. Petersburg ndi Moscow.

mbali khalidwe la m'mphepete

Mbali yaikulu ya chigawo nyimbo ndi mbali zitatu mbali pa ulaliki ndi kufanana kayendedwe chapamwamba mavoti awiri. Independent yoimba amachita monga maziko amgwirizano. Melodic intonation zimalimbikitsa znamenny kukuwa, komanso Russian, Chibelarusi, Polish ndi Chiyukireniya wowerengeka nyimbo. Ngati tikulingalira Petrine nyengo, nyimbo ndi m'mphepete - nyimbo iyi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito fanfare intonation, amatikumbutsa mu zizindikiro zake woomba asilikali. Chikondwerero ndi wapadera khalidwe anapereka amalonda-jubilus pa mawu "Viva!", Komanso kayendedwe yeniyeni kuguba. Kwa nthawi yaitali akupondereza Wolimbikitsa ndi mtundu wanyimbo choral. Kant m'malo Kulingalira mitundu raspevnosti anabweretsa melos zoyenda, khirisipi ndi zotanuka kayimbidwe, syllabic mita.

The heyday polemba chinenero chimenechi. nkhani

Pachimake m'mphepete afika kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII. Panthawi imeneyi, pali m'nyimbo, mbiri yakale komanso zoseketsa nyimbo. Anakhalabe kutchuka kwawo mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma XIX. The olemba bwino nthawi yake olemba a malemba. Pakati pawo: MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov, VK Trediakovskii.

Analembedwa ndi nyimbo nthawi zambiri anali atathana basi ndakatulo. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti mu zopereka pamanja (malinga ndi miyambo) sanatchule mayina a analemba. Mwambo kuchita m'mphepete nyimbo yotchuka kalekale kukhalamo pafupifupi kuyambira Kubwera kwa nyimbo. Kant - izi ndi Baibulo malemba, zisungidwe zopereka pamanja. Ambiri a iwo amasocera, nataya deta wina ndi mzake, ndi amalonda a m'mbali ambiri mu njira zosiyanasiyana.

Monga amalonda adayimba?

Nthawi zambiri iwo anaomba popanda limodzi nyimbo (ndi limodzi). Kuti imagwiridwa a'capella. Komabe, yonse yozungulira pa nkhani ya malonda. Nthawi zina, yoimba (kapena inivoyisi lonse) lingafanane zoimbira zosiyanasiyana.

Zitsanzo yophunzitsa ya kulapa ndi amalonda anachita pa limba. Panegyric - mphepo zida. Ubusa kapena chikondi limodzi ndi kuimba gitala harpsichord, lute, kapena limba.

Mphamvu ya folklore

Azithunzithunzi m'mbali ndi chitsanzo chapadera cha chikoka cha folklore pa mtundu wanyimbo izi akatswiri. A ambiri m'tauni wowerengeka nyimbo angapezeke mu zopereka mpukutu wa 60-70s wa atumwi XVIII. zitsanzo izi amaonedwa kukhala mawonekedwe loyambirira la Kukhazikitsa dziko nyimbo zilandiridwenso. Pamaziko a zopereka pamanja mu 70-80s kusindikizidwa mndandanda wa nyimbo zinalengedwa. Chifukwa cha zimene zimachitika nyimbo m'tawuni wowerengeka ndipo Kant unachitikira kusintha kwambiri Mitundu izi. Nyimbo ndi zoonekeratu mbali stylistic: kapangidwe nyimbo, kapangidwe. Kuchuluka kwa mungoli ndi mosiyanasiyana, nkhani zosiyanasiyana wabweza m'mphepete ndi. Tanthauzo ndi zotsatira za nthano monga momwe tikuonera, palibe angatsutse.

Russian Orthodox kuimba mpingo

Ndi lingaliro la ziphunzitso kumagwirizana ungwiro kwambiri. msonkhano uwu kuti zinali zabwino kwambiri wangwiro padziko lapansi. Mawu monga thupi kulira kwa moyo wa munthu, wasankhidwa kuti ulemerero wa Mulungu. Orthodox kuimba - chopereka cha mpingo mapemphero nyimbo. mawu awo ndi hymnographers aunikiridwa, iwonso raspet. Melody ali makhalidwe yake. Izo zimanyezimiritsa khalidwe dziko, ndi kuwerenga maganizo a mitundu, osauka, ndi zinthu zina. Pafupifupi zikwi zapitazo, makolo athu anatenga Woyera Orthodoxy ya kum'mawa Church Byzantine. Mabaibulo latembenuzidwa kuchokera wotchuka St. Kirill Ine Mefody. Nyimbo A kenako anawamasulira yokha Orthodox Lazaro. Baibuloli kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa anali kwenikweni chinenero chatsopano melodic. Iwo zimaonekera Russian Orthodox kuimba. Kwenikweni, Orthodoxy lokha pa nthawi imeneyo anakula, anakula, ndipo potsiriza anapanga.

Choncho, choral nyimbo za mitundu yambiri, ndi olemekezeka ake ndi makhalidwe ena. Choral polyphony analipo mu Ages Middle ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano afika maluwa. njira ndiponso mfundo zofunika zokongoletsa inakhazikitsidwa ambuye wa sukulu Dutch ndi otsatira awo.

Nkhani ankaona funso waukulu linafunsidwa pa chiyambi - "? kutanthauza m'mphepete ndi" chiyambi chake, makhalidwe ndi mitundu akhala sakudziwika. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti heyday polemba chinenero inkachitika mu XVIII atumwi, amene ankaona kuti ndi zaka chifukwa ndi choonadi.