Mwachidule mbiri ndi ntchito ya Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha

Mu kuyankhulana ndi dzina lake Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn anavomereza kuti moyo wake unali wodzipereka kwa Russian utasintha. Kuti wolemba ankaganizira buku "The Circle Choyamba"? History National amasunga kukhota zomvetsa chisoni kudya chinsinsi. Umboni iwo wolemba ankaona kuti ndi udindo wake. Solzhenitsyn - chopereka kwambiri kuphunzira mbiri ya XX atumwi.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Solzhenitsyn dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich anabadwa mu 1918 Kislovodsk. Iye kuchita zinthu zolembalemba ndi achinyamata. Nkhondo isanayambe anali ndi chidwi pamwamba mbiriyakale yonse ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba. Nkhani, wolemba m'tsogolo, dissident ndi womenyera ufulu chikhalidwe odzipereka ntchito yake yoyamba zolembalemba.

Creative ndi wapadera njira ya moyo Solzhenitsyn. Akhale mboni ndi ophunzira a zochitika wofunika m'mbiri - wachimwemwe wolemba, koma tsoka lalikulu kwa munthu.

NKHONDO yoyamba ya Solzhenitsyn anakumana mu Moscow. Apa iye anaphunzira makalata pa Institute of History, Philosophy ndi Literature. Kumbuyo kwake kunali yunivesite Rostov. Patsogolo - Officer ndi School, kufufuza ndi kumangidwa. Mu nineties mochedwa mu magazini zolembalemba "New World" zinatuluka ntchito za Solzhenitsyn, zimene wolemba anasonyeza zinachitikira ake ankhondo. Ndipo iye anali ndithu.

Mkulu zida zankhondo, wolemba tsogolo zachoka Eagle kuti East Prussia. izo Patapita zaka zochitika kuti nthawi odzipereka mankhwala "Zhelyabugskie midzi", "Adliga Shvenkitten". Iye anali mu malo omwewo amene kale unachitikira Army General Samsonov. Zochitika za 1914, Solzhenitsyn odzipereka m'buku lake "The Red Wheel."

Captain Mpira Solzhenitsyn anamangidwa mu 1945. Kodi zotsatira zake zinali zaka zambiri m'ndende, m'misasa, links. Pambuyo konzanso mu 1957, pamene mphunzitsi pa sukulu mudzi pafupi Ryazan. Solzhenitsyn chipinda lendi ku m'dzikoli - Matrona Zakharovna, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa zinachitika cha khalidwe lalikulu "Matryona" nkhani.

Wolemba mobisa ndi

Mu autobiography wake, "Oak ndi Ng'ombe" Solzhenitsyn anavomereza kuti agwidwe, ngakhale iye ankawakonda mabuku, koma ndimosadziwa. Mu nthawi ya mtendere, mwa ufulu, iye anali wokwiya kwambiri chifukwa chakuti nkhani kupeza nkhani atsopano mosavuta. Kodi Solzhenitsyn, ngati iye anali anabzala?

Mitu nkhani, novellas komanso mabuku anabadwa pa magalimoto, m'misasa maselo m'ndende. Wosanyengereredwa lembani maganizo anu pa pepala, analenga mitu yonse ya Kunena "The Gulag Archipelago" ndi "The Circle Choyamba" m'maganizo, kenako analoweza iwo ndi mtima.

Atatuluka, dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich anapitirizabe kulemba. Kusindikiza ntchito zake mu makumi asanu Poyamba zinkaoneka ngati n'zosatheka. Koma iye sanasiye kulemba, kukhulupirira kuti ntchito yake sudzasiyiratu amasewera, nkhani komanso mabuku kuwerenga ngakhale ana.

Kufalitsa ntchito yake yoyamba yekha mu 1963 anatha Solzhenitsyn. Books mabuku monga osiyana anaonekera patapita nthawi yaitali. Kwawo akhoza kusindikiza nkhani mu "New World." Koma anali osangalala kwambiri.

matenda

Kuphunzira olembedwa kenako kuwotcha - njira kuti ntchito chifukwa chitetezo cha Solzhenitsyn awo ntchito kamodzi kokha. Koma pamene ali mu ukapolo madokotala anamuuza kuti akakhala masabata angapo, anaopa koposa zonse zimene analenga sadzaona owerenga. Solzhenitsyn analibe kupulumutsa. Abwenzi - m'misasa. Mayi anamwalira. Mkazi mu absentia linatha iye anakwatiwa ndi mwamuna wina. Solzhenitsyn anatembenuka mipukutu, amene anatha kulemba, n'kukaziika mu botolo la shampeni, botolo ili m'manda m'munda. Ndipo ine ndinapita Tashkent kufa ...

Komabe, iye anapulumuka. Mu aakulu matenda kuchira ankaoneka malodza kuchokera kumwamba. M'chaka cha 1954, Solzhenitsyn analemba, "Labor wa Republic" - ntchito choyamba, ngati inu kulenga wolemba amene operatives tazindikira chimwemwe sichichititsa Ndime ya ndimeyi, ndipo kuliwerenga ntchito zanu kwathunthu.

"The Circle Choyamba"

Mu mabuku mobisa buku za sharashka kudalembedwa. The prototypes ya zilembo zazikulu za buku "The Circle Choyamba" anakhala wachilembo ndi anzake. Koma, ngakhale malangizo onse, komanso kudzipereka kufalitsa ntchito mu Baibulo opepuka, ndinali nawo mwayi kuwerenga kokha KGB. Mu Russia, buku "The Circle Choyamba," linasindikizidwa mu 1990 chaka. Mu West - kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri zisanachitike.

"Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha"

Camp - m'dziko wapadera. Izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi uja amene mfulu momwemo. Mumsasa, aliyense kupulumuka awo ndi kufa. M'nthawi lofalitsidwa ntchito Solzhenitsyn amaonetsera tsiku lina mu moyo wa ngwazi wa. About msasa moyo wa wolemba anadziwa. N'chifukwa chake chidwi owerenga yovuta ndi zoona Kuzindikira, amene ali pano nkhaniyo, amene analemba Solzhenitsyn.

Mabuku a wolemba resonated mu dziko lonse, makamaka chifukwa cha kudalirika. Solzhenitsyn ankakhulupirira kuti talente wolemba amaziralira, ndiyeno kwathunthu kufa ngati ntchito yake akufuna circumvent choonadi. Ndipo kotero, kukhala nthawi yaitali kudzipatula mtheradi zolembalemba ndi wosanyengereredwa kufalitsa zotsatira za zaka zambiri ntchito, iye si nsanje bwino oimira otchedwa zokomera Kuzindikira. Writers Union lankhosa Tsvetaeva, Akhmatova ndi Pasternak anakana. Bulgakov sanatenge. Mu dziko lino luntha ndi ngati panali, ndiye mwamsanga anamwalira.

mbiri buku

Lowani mipukutu, anatumiza kwa mkonzi wa "New World", dzina lake Solzhenitsyn sanayese n'komwe. Ine ndikuyembekeza kuti "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha" awone kuwala, pafupifupi sanali. Long miyezi wotopa kuchokera yomweyo monga mmodzi wa abwenzi a wolemba anatumiza mapepala angapo, zinalembedwa cholembedwa kakang'ono ogwira ntchito zikuluzikulu za yofalitsa dziko la zolembalemba, pamene mwadzidzidzi anabwera kuitanidwa ku Twardowski.

Woyambitsa "Vasiliya Terkina" ndipo ganyu mkulu mkonzi wa "The New World," mpukutu wa wolemba osadziwika kuwerenga Anna Berzer. Wantchito wa nyumba kusindikiza adafotokoza Tvardovsky kuwerenga nkhaniyi, nateronso mawu amene anakhala zikuluzikulu :. "Ndi za moyo mumsasa, mwa maso a munthu wamba yosavuta" The kwambiri Soviet ndakatulo, wolemba wa asilikali kukonda dziko lako ndakatulo kubanja yosavuta wamba. Ndipo chifukwa ntchito imene nkhaniyi m'malo mwa "munthu wamba," ndi chidwi kwambiri.

"The Gulag Archipelago"

buku A za anthu a m'misasa Stalin, Solzhenitsyn analenga oposa khumi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ntchito inafalitsidwa mu France. Mu 1969, "The Gulag Archipelago" adakwaniritsidwa. Komabe, kufalitsa mu Soviet Union ntchito imeneyi sanali kokha kovuta komanso yowopsa. Mmodzi wa othandizira wolemba, amene tinalisindikizanso buku loyamba ntchito, ndinayamba kugonedwa ndi kuzunzidwa ndi KGB. Chifukwa cha kumangidwa ndi kufunsidwa kwa masiku asanu yosayima mayi wachikulire iye zinanamiziranso Solzhenitsyn. Ndiyeno anadzipha.

Zotsatirazi zinthu zimenezi, wolemba mosakayikira za kufunika kusindikiza "Archipelago" kunja.

kunja

Solzhenitsyn dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich anachotsedwa Soviet Union patangopita miyezi yochepa kutulutsidwa kwa buku "The Gulag Archipelago." Wolemba mlandu woukira boma. Utolankhani Soviet ambiri yokutidwa chikhalidwe cha milandu imene ankati anachita Solzhenitsyn. Makamaka, "Archipelago" wolemba mlandu pothandiza Vlasov panthawi ya nkhondo. Koma palibe amene ananena za zili m'buku chidwi.

Kufikira m'masiku otsiriza a moyo wake, Solzhenitsyn sanaleke ntchito zake zolembalemba ndi chikhalidwe. Mu kuyankhulana ndi periodicals achilendo, mu Mipingo oyambirira, Russian wolemba ankakhulupirira kuti iye angathe kubwerera kwawo. Pamenepo chidakomera tingaganize.

kubwerera

Mu 1990, Solzhenitsyn anabwerera. Mu Russia, iye walemba nkhani zambiri pa nkhani ziliri ndale ndi chikhalidwe. A mbali yaikulu ya malipiro ali wolemba pothandizira akaidi ndi mabanja awo. Mmodzi wa premiums - mokomera ndi Chernobyl akuvutika NPP. Koma tisaiwale kuti wa Order wa St. Andrey Pervozvannogo wolemba ankakana potchula kusafuna ake kanthu motsutsana ndi mphoto ya mphamvu wamkulu, amene wabweretsa m'dziko uliri pakali chisoni.

Solzhenitsyn - zaphindu mabuku Russian. Mu Soviet Union, iye ankaona dissident ndi mtundu. Solzhenitsyn sanagwirizane ndi maganizo amenewa, kukangana kuti - Russian wolemba amene koposa zonse anakonda kwawo.