Mwatsatanetsatane nkhani yonena za Valentin Kataev

Palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti Valentin Kataev amadziwika monga wolemba ana. Komabe, anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti anali kupereka mitanda iwiri ya St. George, dongosolo la St. Anne ndi digiri 4-TH, atatu malamulo a Lenin, ali mutu wa Hero wa Socialist Labor (1974) ndi wopambana wa State Prize kwa buku lake "The Tinder Bokosi" (1946).

M'nkhani ino tikambirana kwambiri za mmene angakhalire Valentin Kataev. Wambiri ndi ntchito ya wolemba wotchuka sangathe koma chidwi.

Odessa-Mama

Valentin Petrovich anabadwa mu Odessa, January 28, 1897 mu banja ophunzira. bambo ake anali mwana wa wansembe ku Vyatka, komanso vermja ankafunitsitsa kutsatira mapazi a bambo wake, koma, popeza anaphunzira ku seminare, anasintha pa University Novorossiysk wa History ndi Philology, kenako anaphunzitsa pa Odessa cadet diocesan sukulu.

mayi wolembayo anali mwana wamkulu. Banja anakhala mosangalala mpaka kalekale, koma posakhalitsa. Atangochoka kubadwa kwa m'bale wake Valentine - Eugene - mkazi anamwalira ndi chibayo. Ndi ana amasiye zikutengedwa ndi maphunziro a mlongo wake.

Valentin Kataev: yonena, zithunzi

Valentin ndi Eugene kuyambira ubwana anaika kukonda mabuku, m'nyumba mwawo ali ndi laibulale yaikulu. Makolo ambiri kuwerenga mabuku awo mokweza.

Izi chotchedwa zolembalemba mbiri. Kataev Valentin Petrovich ananena kuti m'mabuku ake nthawi zambiri anafotokoza banja anzeru, ndipo zinachitika awo, monga ulamuliro, anali banja lake, amene wakhala analamulira asapita kutentha, khalidwe labwino kwambiri ndi kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena.

Valentin ali zaka 12 anayamba kulemba ndakatulo, amene amati onse mu mzere: achibale, comrades ndi abwenzi. Iye anali ndi chidwi maganizo awo. Ndiyeno iye, monga sukulu ndi kuyamba kuthamanga pozungulira maudindo nyuzipepala, kumene ndakatulo wake anali pachangu palibe kutenga kusindikiza. chimodzi chokha ndakatulo "Yophukira" koma inafalitsidwa mu 1910 mu "Odessa boma yotchedwa Gazette".

Izo basi anapereka mapiko kuti wachinyamata khumi chaka chimodzi. Kuti mphepo ya mkonzi anali kutenga m'bale wake. Eugene anakumbukira kuti iye analira pamene kumukokera mu kope yotsatira chifukwa anachita mantha kupita kwa Valentine. Kotero kuti onse, ndipo mpaka comrade ake zolimbitsa thupi sanali amalangiza iye kupita kwa atate wake - Mitrofanovich wolemba Alexander Fedorov.

Posachedwa kale ankaimira Kataeva monga wophunzira waluso kwambiri. Fedorov yodziwa iye ndi ntchito za Ivan Bunin. Ndipo izo zinali kwa mnyamata chodabwitsa cha ndakatulo chenicheni. Nthawi yomweyo adafunsa atate wake kugula iye Kutolere ndakatulo Bunin. Bambo wa kutengeka anaima misozi, iye ankaganiza kuti, pomaliza, mwana wake kubwera kulakwa kwake.

ndimalota

Chaka chilichonse Odessa anapita Bunin. Ndipo nthawi kuwadziwa panokha. Linali tsiku zofunika kwambiri tsogolo la wolemba, ndi nkhani za mbiri yake. Kataev Valentin Petrovich anakhala chitsanzo mwana wa ndakatulo otchuka. Iye anamuphunzitsa iye ntchito, kulemba ndakatulo tsiku lililonse, ndipo mu phunziro ili ngati limba pa limba, zonse honing luso lake.

Bunin anati kwa wophunzira ake, mwinamwake zochepa talente yake monga bwino kumene madzi satenga nthawi yaitali. Kataev sankadziwa chimene kulemba, koma Bunin ankanena kuti m'pofunika kulemba zonse, ngakhale popanda kudzoza koyenera kuti inu mukuona, mwachitsanzo, nyanja, mwala wa benchi.

Bunin si zambiri amavomereza chilakolako Kataeva kufalitsa aliyense ndakatulo ku Odessa kusindikiza yosindikiza ndi akulangizidwa osati kuthamangira panobe. Iye ankadziwa achinyamata ndakatulo, koma anafotokoza kuti njila iyi ndi kutenga nthawi yoti nthawi, nayenso, mwamsanga lofalitsidwa ntchito zambiri ofooka, imene tsopano wachisoni kwambiri.

chikondi chenicheni

Wambiri Valentin Kataev lili mfundo zosangalatsa chikondi chilengedwe, chifukwa posapita nthawi iliyonse chikondi pali. Near banja moyo Kataev Alexeev.

The mwana wamkulu msilikali Alekinskogo, dzina lake Irene, mtsikanayo mosalekeza otukuka. Iye utoto, sculpted, ankaimba limba, analemba nyimbo ndi analemba zabwino mu kope a. Ndiye m'nyumba Aleksinskoye yokha anapanga kalabu zolembalemba okonda ndakatulo. Kubwera ndi kukwera, zomwe mwina koma kugwa m'chikondi ndi msungwana wokoma ndi wokongola kwambiri, Yoswa kwambiri za ndakatulo zake, ndipo patapita zaka zambiri anakhala zinachitika chifanizo cha heroines ake zopeka.

nkhondo

Mu 1915, Kataev osati sukulu ku sekondale, anakakamizika kupita kutsogolo. Iye anatumikira mu ankhondo molamulidwa ndi kuti anthu omwewo tsopano Alexinsky General, bambo Irene kumene polemba makalata ake, kubisala yonyowa pokonza, yochepetsetsa ndi mdima dugouts. Pali nthawi zambiri vsominal nthawi yaulemerero m'mbuyomu ndi mmene iye anavomereza chikondi ndi mtsikana m'nyumba zawo pa khonde.

Ngakhale nkhondo Kataev, kukhala zonse pansi moto, anatumikira Bunin pangano: kulemba zonse ndi tsiku. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye walenga nkhani zambiri sakhalitsa essays, amene anatumiza wokondedwa wake mu magazini matauni.

kubwerera

Wambiri Valentin Kataev zambiri womangidwa chakuti iye anabwerera ku Odessa kwawo kuphunzira pa oyenda School mu December 1916. Moto pa nkhondo, adatenga ena mwa miyezi yake yabwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malo abwino banja. Kachiwiri, ochuluka a nthawi imene Aleksinskoye Valentin Kataev (yonena mwachidule, koma kutchula mfundo zimenezi) ndi ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa Irina. kope ake pamene kwambiri kudzadza.

Koma mu May 1917 kachiwiri kumanzere kupita kutsogolo, pamene iye anali kwambiri adamvulaza, ndi November anali mu chipatala Odessa. Mwamsanga pamene anamva mpumulo pang'ono, nthawi yomweyo ndinayamba kugwira ntchito pa anthology "sonnets atatu", lofalitsidwa mu 1918. M'chaka chomwecho iye analandira uthenga kuti Irene anaima kumukonda. Kwa iye, mawu awa ankamveka ngati chilango cha imfa. Komabe, moyo unali pachimake.

Kukwera

Anayamba kuwomba zaka 1917 kuti 1920 mphamvu Odes anasintha nthawi 14. Boma Soviet sanathe kukhazikitsa palokha, ndipo mzinda anakhalabe mu ulamuliro wa Hetman Skoropadsky. Odessa wakhala pasenjala imene Russian emigration kwa Berlin, Paris ndi Constantinople. Choncho ndiye namuka, Ivan Bunin, Alexei Tolstoy, ndipo ena odziwika olemba ndi aluntha.

Kataev anadzakhala mu ankhondo mongodzipereka ndipo anamenyana pa nkhondo "New Russia". malungo posakhalitsa anakhala kutchetcha ndi woyera ndi wofiira. Apanso wolemba anadikira Odessa kuchipatala ndipo apeze - ntchito Agency ndi Telegraph. Monga msilikali wakale, iye anali m'ndende, iye ankaganiza kuwombera, koma kenako anaphunzira wolemba Kataeva koma anamasulidwa.

zidindo amenewa anali okwanira moyo wonse. M'badwo wake wa alonda amene anali anatha kapena ayi mwina akufuna kusiya Russia, kwa zaka zaka pafupifupi palibe ndi imodzi yomwe, anaphedwa mu 20s awo kumalizira pa 37 ndi. Izi iye ankafuna kuti alembe buku, ndipo atakalamba anachita.

Moscow

Mu 1921, bambo ake anamwalira chifukwa cha njala, ndi Kata anapita ku Kharkov, kuchokera kukumbukira ndi Cheka, ndiyeno Moscow, kumene ndinayamba kugwira ntchito mu nyuzipepala "mluzu". The emigration likulu anawononga, ndipo patapita anakoka m'bale wake komanso anzake.

The nyumba kusindikiza, anakumana ndi dokotala Mihailom Bulgakovym, nawonso, kale White Alonda ndipo inunso munakhala chifukwa cha malungo. Iwo amagwirizana. Chiguluchi lonse la olemba ankakhala Kataeva chipinda pa Chistye Prudy.

Bulgakov kunyumba kwa mchemwali Lola, yenda momyata mu chikondi ndi iye nthawi yomweyo ndipo anamupangitsa iye ndi makampani. Lola anakana iye, ndiyeno mofulumira Valentin anakwatira Anna Kovalenko - wojambula. kampani yake yomweyo anapereka mtsikana dzina Madame Mucha.

Ndiyeno iye modekha zapita zikuluzikulu zonse, analemba zimene ndimafuna ndi kuti ndine mwayi.

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Valentin Petrovich anali mtolankhani wa "Pravda" ndipo ankachita nawo kusindikiza mabuku za nkhondo. Mu 1942, dziko la Germany anawomberedwa pansi ndege ku Moscow kuti Novorossiysk ndi m'bale wake, komanso wolemba, Eugene. Tom anali ndi zaka 39 ndipo anali Co-wolemba I. Ilf buku "12 Mipando" ndi "Mwana wa Ng'ombe Wagolide".

Iye kamodzi ntchito monga Woyang'anira ndi kufufuza kuyan'anila za Odessa, ndiyeno Odessa kufalitsa komwe anakapeza ndi Iley Faynzilbergom (alias Ilf), koma ndiye Valentin anawatenga kupita Moscow ndipo anapereka lingaliro la buku za Bender. Ngakhale ananena kuti Kata nakhala zinachitika wake.

Zabodza Ana

Modabwitsa tikhutira lero kulemba lothandiza lonse limene ankakhala, Valentin Kataev, mbiri.

Ana, ndi njira, ndipo adalemba chiwerengero chachikulu cha nkhani ndi nthano, ambiri a omwe ndisanabadwe ndipo anali wotchuka kwambiri.

Wambiri Valentin Kataev ndi yosangalatsa ndi chidwi kuti predstalvyaetsya sizingatheke kuti izo zonse. Komabe, ambiri Chofunika, kuti iye anali kukondedwa ndiponso kuyamikiridwa. Nkhondo itatha, iye akukhala mkonzi wa "Youth" ndipo asamalire talente wamng'ono.

Wolemba adzakhala mosangalala kwambiri m'banja ndi Esther Brenner, akukhala ndi moyo zaka 55, ndi umene tsopano malila ndi kukonda moyo wake onse. Esther anam'berekera ana awiri - wamkazi Eugenia ndi mwana Paulo.

Wambiri Valentin Kataev - ndiyo njira yaitali kuti apite. Wolemba anali nthawizonse pa ntchito ndi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali zaka 90. Iye anamwalira ndi kansa mu 1986, April 12. manda ake mu Novodevichy manda ku Moscow.