Mzinda tanthauzo feduro. Amachita mizinda tanthauzo feduro. City chofunika boma la Chitaganya cha Russian

Kukhazikitsidwa mu 1993, chaka ya malamulo, mfundo za kuphatikiza a boma dongosolo feduro anayambitsa mapangidwe dongosolo latsopano la dongosolo - a boma mphamvu ya nkhani. Statuses zinthu nyumba chimatanthauza Chilamulo Organic ndi malamulo a chigawo chomwe mufuna. Malinga ndi Art. 5 ya malamulo monga mbali ya boma pali nkhani ofanana: dera, dera, mzinda feduro. Yotsirizira ndi zinthu makamaka a dongosolo chipangizo boma. ndi mzinda wa tanthauzo feduro chiyani? Kodi mtundu wa nkhani Ali ndi kayimidwe izi? About lino nkhaniyi.

zambiri

feduro Russian mzinda - kulamulidwa ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za nyumba kuboma. Mbali ya ulamuliro kwa iwo mwachindunji matupi a mphamvu za boma ku dera. Poyambirira, mpaka 2014, chaka la feduro pogwiritsa mzinda anali. Mu zochitika posachedwapa mu Crimea, zinthu zasintha. Malinga ndi Art. 65 Chilamulo Basic mfundo za udindo wa boma la mzinda ndi anthu atatu amene ali mbali ya boma. Komanso, ofanana ndi udindo wa dera si mbali ya dziko. Mu pagano mayiko ndi Kazakhstan kuyambira 1995, chaka nthawi ya pangano la zovuta za cosmodrome Baikonur ali ndi udindo ofanana. Pankhaniyi, nkhaniyi si mwalamulo gawo la Russia. Choncho, safotokoza wake wamkulu matupi mu kapangidwe ka makinawa boma la dziko. Chifukwa cha zochitika Crimea ndi anawatsatira pambuyo referendum mu 2014 pa March 18 zinasaina pangano ndi mabwalo pang'ono anazindikira a Crimea. Malinga kuti anapatsidwa udindo wa mzinda Sevastopol chofunika boma la Chitaganya cha Russia. Malinga Art. 77 Constitution dongosolo kulamulira mu maphunziro okha bungwe malinga ndi ndondomeko zidayika m'Chilamulo Basic, ndipo pa mfundo za zipangizo dongosolo. Ichi ndi chimene chapangitsa zinthu oyendetsera dziko malamulo wogwidwa ndi akuluakulu (malamulo ndi wamkulu), mizinda feduro.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Zofunika mizinda ndi udindo mukhoza kutengedwa ngati alipo mu Russian Ufumu Gradonachalstva. Kodi n'chiyani? Iwo unali mzinda wa kutali ndi zigawo vuto lawo makamaka lawolawo kapena kufunika, ndi malipoti mwachindunji kwa Nduna ya za M'dziko. Kenako Gradonachalstva amatembenuka. Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, dongosolo amenewa lithe (reorganized mu County kapena zigawo). Pofika 1931, chaka ndi chinayi la Leningrad ndi Moscow, mizinda kuwiri ku Soviet Union, zinayambanso ogaŵikana mayunitsi osiyana subordination Republican. zithandiza mu 1948, analandira Sevastopol, ndipo mu 1987 - Leninsk. Pambuyo Soviet Union unatha, Leningrad ndi Moscow kuvomereza udindo wa nzika palokha ndipo mizinda ya kufunika feduro. Anakafika ku Ukraine Sevastopol malinga ndi kugawikana ake utsogoleri ndi gulu lapadera. Komabe, ndi kukhazikitsidwa posachedwapa wa Crimea Russian , anali mzinda wa tanthauzo feduro. Pamene mzinda wa Baikonur, ndi, monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, amatanthauza Republic of Kazakhstan. Mu malamulo ake, mzinda ali ndi udindo kwambiri m'dziko.

m'dera intracity

Mtundu wa oyang'anira tauni chilli mu kukhalapo kuyambira 2006, chaka. Ndi wodziimira gulu mawonekedwe. Mmalire a boma la boma akupereka anthu kaya mwachindunji kapena kudzera matupi osankhidwa ndi zina. Malamulo ndi kulamulira chakudya cha Chilamulo Basic, ndi hayala mutu ndi boma la. The zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo 146 Moscow ngati mayunitsi palokha. Mwa iwo, 21 125 zigawo ndi kuthetsa. Mu St. Petersburg, okwana mayunitsi 11. Izi zinaphatikizapo midzi 30 ndi 81 chigawo.

Moscow - mzinda tanthauzo feduro

Tikumbukenso kuti malowa ali mbali ya oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo. Kwenikweni, Chili chilli boma boma la mzinda, likulu la bomali, anachita ndi leni m'munda pakati ntchito. Pankhaniyi, malo ali ndi makhalidwe a boma ndi. Chiwerengero cha Moscow ndi waukulu kwambiri ndipo phunziro la Russia. Pano pali ziwalo za boma mphamvu ya dziko (kupatula Constitutional Court), akazembe a mayiko osiyanasiyana achilendo, maudindo yaikulu ya mabizinezi waukulu likulu la mabungwe chikhalidwe. Mu Moscow, anapanga dongosolo la boma.

Mwachidule Chiyambi Chawo

Kusintha choyamba chinayamba mu theka 2 zaka za m'ma 13. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Moscow inasandulika chilikati cha ukulu palokha. Kukula ndi chitukuko cha dera chinathandiza malo pa mphambano ya njira zamalonda lalikulu ndithu. Pofika m'zaka 14 m'dera la Moscow wakhala onse. Iye panaoneka Mozhaisk ndi Kolomna maukulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo chinawonjezeka kufunika kwa mzinda malo aakulu achipembedzo kudzera kukhazikitsidwa kwa Moscow chigawocho, ndi kulanda okhala metropolitans lapansi. M'zaka za m'ma 15, m'dera anapeza ndi udindo watsopano. Panthawiyo, Moscow n'kukhala likulu la boma lalikulu loyamba mu Russia kenako logwirizana Russian boma. udindo Capital anatayika mu 1712. Ngakhale izi, Moscow anali kudzachita kwa coronation ya mafumu. udindo Capital anabwera ndi chigonjetso cha Bolshevism mu 1920 ndipo ulipobe.

mzinda Federal wa St. Petersburg

Phunziro - ntchitoyi, mafakitale pakati m'chigawo North-West. Mu St. Petersburg ndi maulamuliro apamwamba a Region Leningrad. Idamangidwa ndi Peter Wamkulu mu 1703, chaka pa 27 May. mzinda ndi Constitutional Court, Interparliamentary Assembly wa CIS states membala, Heraldic Council. Mu St. Petersburg, komanso m'nyumba likulu la lamulo la Navy ndi Mphamvu ya usilikali a azungu usilikali District.

Background

Mu St. Petersburg, pakhala kusintha atatu. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, gawo anali atazingidwa kwa masiku 900, chifukwa imfa za anthu oposa 1.5 miliyoni. Man. Mu 1965, iye anali kupereka udindo wa "Hero City". St. Petersburg mzinda kwambiri kumpoto ndi anthu opitirira mamiliyoni a. Dera limene mukukhala m'dera - 1439 sq. Km. Saint Petersburg - mmodzi wa malo ofunika kwambiri chuma, chikhalidwe ndi sayansi ya dziko, mmodzi wa waukulu Aang'onoang'ono zoyendera. Pakatikati mbiri ndi maofesi ozungulira ali m'gulu mndandanda wa UNESCO cholowa.