Nation - ndi khola, mbiriyakale anayamba gulu la anthu

Kodi mtundu? Ambiri, n'zosavuta zokwanira funso limeneli. Nation - ndi khola, mbiriyakale munamutcha gulu la anthu. Ndipo izo ndi zoona ndithu. Komabe, si kokwanira. Kodi mu nkhani iyi ndi wosiyana ndi anthu? Ndipotu anthu - ndi mbiri yakale khola gulu la anthu. Mwina yankho ayenera anafuna kwambiri. Choncho chinthu woyamba ife tiyeni kuchita ndi anthu, kodi ndi anthu.

Kodi mtundu?

Mfundo imeneyi ntchito ndi anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuyambira kale, anthu - ndi khola, mbiriyakale anayamba gulu la anthu amene mamembala ogwirizana a m'dera lomwelo, magwero ofanana, ndiwe wa chilengedwe wamba chikhalidwe. Nthawi zina munali osiyana kwambiri kulolerana wa anthu makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, ku Girisi wakale, anthu otsutsana ndi Ahelene kuti akunjawo. Ndiko kuti, Agriki anali onse amene ankalankhula Chigiriki. Ku Ulaya wa Ages Middle anthu anali kuwaona kalasi mwayi amene anali chinthu chilichonse kwambiri kapangidwe ka anthu ang'onoang'ono. wamba ambiri chinaoneka olemekezeka zofanana wakuda kulikonse m'dzikoli. Masiku ano, anthu - palibe chabe mdera khola la anthu. Choncho anaitana mfundo nzika za boma limodzi. Ngakhale magulu osiyanasiyana a nzika a chosiyana zikhalidwe, mitundu, osiyanasiyana. Woyamba muyezo nzika chikuima lero.

Ndipo kodi mtundu?

Mfundo imeneyi kwambiri mfundo za anthu. Ndipo anamuuza. Komabe, mtunduwo timazindikira monga chinachake zambiri zovuta kumvetsa yapamwamba kuti mtundu wa maphunziro. Inde, akatswiri onse amakono m'magazini ino amanena kuti zikamera wa makhalidwe a mtunduwu ochepa wamba zomwe zimachitikira anthu ake onse (monga momwe zilili ndi anthu), ndi Zinkafunikiradi chigawo chimodzi maganizo kumatanthauza abwino. Nations Choyamba unachokera mu Europe mu nthawi ya makono ano. nthawi iyi zinali zofunika kwambiri pa mfundo za ziŵalo magulu Old World. Bizinesi anathyola dongosolo lotha ubale ang'onoang'ono, m'malo mayina m'dera pamene mlimi wakhala woyanjana yokha yokha ndi mudzi yake ndi mbuye, kulenga latsopano, adzadziwire kwambiri padziko lonse. ammudzi Traditional zinawonongedwa patangodutsa zaka mazana angapo, ndipo mu malo awo panabuka latsopano m'menemo machitidwe a Lyons anayamba kumva umodzi ndi kalaliki ku Marseilles, ngakhale iwo anali ndi chochita, kupatula katundu lina logwirizana alimi - ndi French. Mmodzi wa ofufuza za zodabwitsazi, Benedict Anderson, umapereka yodziwika mtundu kungoganiza (fictitious) ammudzi. Ndipo izi ndi zoona m'lingaliro kuti khola, mbiriyakale anayamba dera lino la anthu Ndipotu, alipo yekha m'maganizo mwa anthu ake. Chizindikiritso chimenecho ndi kuzindikira tsoka wamba mbiri ndi chidwi zina chitsimikizo kofunika kwambiri, monga oimira mtundu ndi iwo ngati kulankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana, mizu osiyana, maganizo a chipembedzo ndipo ngakhale amasamukira ku mayiko ena. Andale komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana mtundu

Komabe, nkofunika kuona kuti lero nadzawasankhula yachiwiriyo zoimira mitundu - ndi mitundu ndi andale. Choyamba - ichi ndi khola, mbiriyakale anayamba gulu la anthu pamaziko a magazi fuko. Zitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga ndi Germany ndi Poland, kuyambira mu dziko lawo ndi zithunzi losonkhanitsidwa ndi yofunika kwambiri ndi consanguinity. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kudalirana kwa dziko ndi misa kusamuka wafunsira kufunika kuphatikiza zinthu zakunja dera la mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, mu kuzunza misa ya French zamakono ndi angathe iwo amene makolo anachokera m'mayiko a Maghreb. Kumene, kuchita zimenezi, iwo ayenera anapambulwa ndi zolinga mbiri ya French, ndi mwini kuganizira mbali ya iwo.