The Chidanishi nzeru zapamwamba Kerkegor Seren: MBIRI, zithunzi

Seren Kerkegor ndi ndani? Choyamba ndi munthu dzina amadziwika onse, koma ochepa amene mukudziwa zimene iye anatchuka chifukwa. Nthawi zambiri pofuna ngati anzeru, ophunzira kwambiri, wodziwa zambiri kuposa kwenikweni, achinyamata anatchula dzina lake, osamvetsa kuti amatanthauza. Makamaka pamene izi dzina la kutchulidwa kapena alembedwa molondola. Choncho ndani kwenikweni?

Wambiri. moyo oyambirira.

Seren Kerkegor (anabadwa May 5, 1813) anabadwira ku Copenhagen (Denmark) mu banja wamba. Iye anali mwana womaliza m'banja ndipo kenako mwana ndi bambo ake. Makolo ake nkhawa zabwino zachuma ndi zotsika, ndi nthawi kuchoka ku dziko lina, osati mosatsata ana cholowa chawo. Banjali linali achipembedzo ndi ana onse ndaleredwa mu kulambira ndi chikondi cha Mulungu.

Mu zaka 17, Kerkegor Seren amapita ku yunivesite kuphunzira zamulungu, nzeru komanso sayansi. Kwa zaka eyiti, iye plunges mu kamvuluvulu wamisala zochitika za moyo wophunzira. Mu 1838, pali kusintha mwadzidzidzi mu maganizo ake, ndi pastimes osagwira saperekanso nzeru zapamwamba m'tsogolo. Seren Kerkegor, amene chithunzi analanda kamphindi chabe rethinking ndi mfundo zimene anaikidwa mu ubwana wake, mwadzidzidzi amasintha maganizo ake a dziko. Makamaka, iye anadzudzula chikhulupiriro chawo Mulungu ndi moyo wosafa. Pofuna kupeza malangizo atsopano ndi kumvetsa Chikatolika, Kerkegor Seren zopita ku ndizosowa ndi kukonzanso kuphunzira Baibulo ndi nzeru za Agiriki.

Kusintha kwa wachikulire

zofufuza lakeli zipatso zaka ziwiri - mutu wa phungu wa sayansi mu zamulungu. Imodzi ndi kusintha, ndi udindo wa anyamata, iye anali pa chibwenzi ndi bwenzi langa ndipo akukonzekera kukhala m'busa. Kerkegor Seren kufanana akumaliza ntchito pa nkhani yolembedwa wake kwa digiri katswiri wa nzeru, amene anali ngati maziko dialectics Hegel a ndi malingaliro ambiri a Katolika, aona kuchokera kwa maganizo a Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi mbalume Socratic.

zokhumudwitsa banja ndi nzeru zaumunthu vumbulutso

Mu 1841, iye chiyembekeza kukhala ndi banja kusiya nzeru zapamwamba, monga iye sangakhoze kupeza yekha, kukayikira zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo wake ndipo anaganiza kuti akanalosera kokha katundu kuti mkwatibwi wake. ubwenziwu anali wosweka, koma iye anakana. Kupewa kumuyalutsa, mnyamatayu anapita ku Berlin. Mogwirizana ndi maganizo awo, iye analemba nkhani nthanthi "kapena-kapena" imene imabweretsa mafunso a mwambo ndi aesthetics. Koma wofalitsa mu 1843 izo zili mu pseudonym osati dzina lenileni - Seren Kerkegor. Zaka za moyo wake mu Germany, amathandiza anthu kuti achire, koma ndalama kuti abwerere ngati mwayi msonkhano ndi wokonda kale anayatsa chilakolako akale kachiwiri. Koma patapita nthawi yochepa, mwamuna uja anapulumuka ku Berlin ndipo limafalitsa kamodzi mipukutu awiri latsopano, allegorically tikuwauza chikondi chake. Izi zinali mphindi pamene ndinayamba kuchita mawonekedwe Serena Kerkegora nzeru. Koma ngakhale pamaso kutulutsidwa kwa buku lake, nzeru zapamwamba amvela kuti wake wakale bwenzi kukwatira. Izi n'zochenjeza wake.

Nthawi kutsutsa ndi kukana zenizeni

Kuwonjezera mafani Kerkegor Seren alandira ndi otsutsa amene unflattering ndemanga pa masamba a "Le Corsaire" ntchito zake. Poyankha nzeru zapamwamba izi limafalitsa nkhani imene iye akuyesera manyazi ndi manyazi otsutsa wake. Izi kwambiri Kukubweretsera masautso yonena ake pamaso pa anthu, pali zojambula mseru nthabwala zoipa. Patangopita yosindikiza mabuku bukuli wina, amene anauza ambirimbiri masamba a nzeru za Serena Kerkegora, kuyambira pa chiyambi cha njira yake yolenga ndi sayansi mfundo yomaliza.

Imfa umphawi

Kwa zaka zambiri, Kierkegaard kulimbikitsa m'mabukhu ache ngati mlaliki, razyasnitel maziko a chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu, pamene iye, osati kukhala wotsatira wake. Osachepera iye ankaganiza choncho. Mu 1855, nzeru zapamwamba anayambitsa nyuzipepala yake, koma amalowerera kufalitsa nkhani 10 okha, pamaso mnzake akudwala. 42 Chaka cha moyo, Seren Kerkegor, amene mbiri imasonyeza kuti ngakhale ngati nthawi yochepa zingatheke kuti tizichita bwino nzeru za anthu ndi zaumulungu, kulankhula za izo mu zolemba zake, ndipo kutamidwa yovuta, afa mu Denmark. Iye anasiya ndalama zokha maliro, ndi ntchito yosatha.

kumwa existentialism

The Chidanishi nzeru zapamwamba Seren Kerkegor, nthawi zambiri tate wa existentialism, ntchito yake, anachita monga wotsutsa woopsa wa rationalism ndi adherent wa njira zotengera malingaliridwe nzeru. Malinga ndi iye, monga kuti iye anali wosiyana ndi sayansi, timakhulupirira ambiri amavomereza. The funso waukulu aliyense akufunsa kuti: "Kodi mukufuna moyo wanga" - ali zikwi mayankho. Wafilosofi ankanena kuti chilakolako - izi ndi m'maganizo, ndipo pali chenicheni kwa munthu aliyense limodzi. Ndipo kodi woyenera ulemu mwa kufunika kutenga wapadera, munthu wapadera amene amasonyeza maganizo awo a dziko.

maganizo umboni

Pamaziko a kuipidwa udindo Kierkegaard imeneyi, tinganene kuti anali kukhulupirira kokha chinthu wogwila kuti sakuganiza yekha. Ndipotu, kamodzi tili anayamba kuganiza, kuti kulowerera ndi masoka njira ya otaya zinthu. Kotero, chinthu ichi sukukhalakonso, osatembenukira ku anaziika wina kale anasintha. Choncho, mu nzeru existential njira yaikulu chidziwitso cha dziko si anangopeka, ndipo zinachitikira zochitika, zinthu, pakuti iwo, popanda kum'dula moyo wawo.

Ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira

Kierkegaard ankati, mosiyana Hegel, kuti mbiri chikhalidwe - ndi imodzi yothandizira riboni zochitika zofunika. Ndiko kuti, zilembo m'gulu nkhaniyo, panalibe mankhwala ena koma kutero, ndipo sakanachita. Dziko mumtima wa munthu uli pansi pa iye yekha basi, komanso zomwe zimachitika mwa njira iliyonse ayenera asakhudze zochitika kunja. Kupanga tsiku lililonse, ola limodzi, mphindi, chisankho watsopano mkati, anthu pafupi ndi Mtheradi, amene ali wamkulu kuposa dziko kunja. Koma nthawi yomweyo aliyense kusankha ayenera mlandu. Ngati nthawi kusankha munthu kuti kudzachitike kalekale, ndiye kuti iye amapanga zinthu, motero, munthu watha yekha.

Nzeru okhumudwa

Kubwera ku boma okhumudwa, anthu chikhulupiriro mwa yekha imavomereza ndi kuchotsa kumverera uku. Ndipo ichi muyenera kuchotsa nokha mpaka kalekale, kuti mtima wapita. Koma Kuthawabasi, kusiya, kuchotsa nokha zosatheka. Munthu sankadziwa tsogolo lake lalikulu monga gulu wauzimu, koma Ndi chofala kwambiri chikhalidwe kuposa kupatulapo lamulo. Ndipo, m'malingaliro Kierkegaard, ndi wabwino. Koma anthu ofunitsitsa angathe kupeza mphamvu kusuntha, kuchitira nokha. Ndi mantha chimene chimapangitsa moyo wathu oyenera okwera.

njira ya kukhala

Kerkegor Seren kuzindikiridwa modes awiri kuli munthu: Malamulo ndi zokongoletsa.

Esthete, malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba, akukhala monga chikhalidwe cholinga. Pamafunika mphamvu zake ndi zofooka za kupanda ungwiro kwa dziko ndi amtengo wapatali izo, kuyesera kuona kutenga mmene ndingathere. The malangizo yaikulu ya moyo wa "aesthetics" ndi zosangalatsa. Koma anapatsidwa kuti munthu wotero nthawi imayendetsedwa ndi zinthu kunja, iye sanatero m'kati ufulu. vuto lina kuli esthete ndi, ndi zimene anachita sakwanitsa kufika boma wosangalala wathunthu. Pali nthawizonse chinachake zambiri zomwe tingathe kuyesetsa kufufuza chibwana wokonda zosangalatsa umene umaoneka. Man wotaya zokongoletsa tanthauzo la dissolves kudziona mu dziko lakunja ndi dziko lamkati la kuiwala. Pofuna kamodzinso kumva lonse m'pofunika kuti mwanzeru.

Munthu amene amasankha mbali koyenela kwawo kumana okha ufulu ndi zosangalatsa "kupita ndi otaya" ndi dzikoli. Iye zikukhazikitsa zenizeni ake, mwanzeru, kuyesetsa, umunthu wake, kulowa kulibe mu chimango amene anafotokozedwa yokha. Ndipotu, munthu amalenga yokha mwatsopano, osati remodels m'mikhalidwe, koma osati wayamba mbali awo achilengedwe, ndi kusintha iwo chenicheni wawo.

za mtima

Philosophy limati nkhondoyi ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi zoipa wachibale. Aliyense wa timasankha Mzimuyo mamba, amene lidzadzaza ndi zambiri. Kierkegaard ankakhulupirira kuti zabwino za munthu chifukwa ufulu, osati mosemphanitsa. Ndipotu, pamene ndinu internally free, ndiye iye ndi ufulu wosankha kukhala mtundu kapena ayi. Izi ndi maganizo zokongoletsa. Lamulo munthu yemweyo poyamba watengera malamulo a makhalidwe abwino ndipo sangathe kupitirira iwo. Ngakhale pamene iye akufuna kuti akhale wabwino, iwo anasankha zenizeni amakankhira iye zinthu zina.

kuzindikira chikhulupiriro

Mbali apamwamba padziko Kierkegaard kuti "Ankhondo a chikhulupiriro." Zinali ngakhale apamwamba malamulo koyenela, chifukwa chosankha anabwera ku Providence Auzimu, ndipo si ku makhalidwe abwino. Ethics - mfundo chikhulupiriro pagulu - payekha, chizindikiro. Ndipo kuyang'ana pa moyo wake otere munthu atazindikira kuti aliyense ali ndi udindo kwa Mulungu, ndipo nthawizina amakhala kuti asaswe malamulo koyenela kuti kupereka ngongole imeneyi.

Amadziwika kuti makhalidwe abwino achikristu kakasi - mawonekedwe a uchimo, koma ngati zimatengera mtundu wa kulapa pamaso pa Mulungu ndi kumabweretsa machiritso, ndiye vomerezani mwa Ankhondo a chikhulupiriro. Kierkegaard anazindikira chikhulupiriro luso apamwamba anthu, osati kumakana nzeru ndi makhalidwe abwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tikwaniritse kumvetsa vumbulutso la Mulungu.

A udindo wapadera kunagaŵiridwa nzeru za malingaliro. Iye akhapidziwa kuti si mwa malingaliro a munthu ukhonza yekha, kukana kakasi apulumuke abwino "imfa" ndi adzabadwanso monga Phoenix a. Ubongo monga iye anali mmodzi wa mizati ya chikhulupiriro ndi ufulu. Unakwaniritsa bwino zogwirizana pakati pa amalire ndi wopandamalire, osauka mwauzimu. Zimathandiza munthu kukhalabe olimba ndi kukhala yekha.

Kutanthauza Kierkegaard nzeru

nzeru zapamwamba Contemporary sanathe kuzindikira izo. Ndiye chogwidwa ndi maganizo a Katolika, ngati zosintha, zachilendo, osati madzi nokha ndi chikumbumtima ndi zokongoletsa kusankha. The nzeru za Serena Kerkegora mwachidule retold m'manyuzipepala ndi magazini, osati zimalowera akamanena za kuti mwasintha tanthauzo la zimene zinanenedwa. Panali ambiri amene amafuna pogenda woganiza Chidanishi. Koma iye anakhulupirira kuti kutchuka zoipa adzapindula anthu amene alidi ndi chidwi mu ziphunzitso zake. Ndipotu, nkofunika kuti amvetsetse mabuku ake, ndipo sindikuyesera kumutsanzira, ndipo anatengerapo zochitika za moyo wake. Seren Kerkegor, amene nzeru zambiri anali kudzudzulidwa, anatha kukhudza mitima mbadwo ina.

Pambuyo mikangano dziko ziwiri zimene zinachitika mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, anthu kamodzinso anatembenukira kwa ntchito za Kierkegaard, napeza mwa iwo zimene anali kufunafuna, kapena kuyang'ana pa dziko otizungulira. Iwo amadziwa kuvutika napeza mphamvu za kuuka kwa phulusa. Ndizo chimodzimodzi zomwe iye analemba nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri Seren Kerkegor.