Empiricist - ndi chiyani ichi? chikhazikitso

Kuyambira kale anthu chidwi mafunso a chidziwitso. Nthanthi ganizo ali kusanduka kwa moti ngati munthu kudziwa dziko ndi wekha mu izo. Ngakhale kalelo izo zinayambira sayansi ofunika kwambiri monga masamu, sayansi ya mbiri, nthano. Ndiyeno panali nkhani yoti pali njira yodziwira choonadi ndi zimene zikhazikitsidwe. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi utuluke iliyonse monga dogmatism, pragmatism, empiricism.

Empiricism monga nzeru ndi

Empiricist - ndilo mtima wa lomwe lili mwachindunji ndi ntchito zothandiza. Icho ndi chomwe umatulutsa inayamba. Mfundo imeneyi pa maziko a makhalidwe omwewo aumunthu. zinachitikira matupi kwa empiricism mtheradi. Ichi ndi umunthu wake ndi gwero la chidziwitso. Kudziwa chifukwa cha processing wa imalandira zikhumbo munthu.

Francis Bacon - woyambitsa wa empiricism

Woyambitsa wa otaya ndi ankaona kuti Francis Bacon, imene empiricism wakhala chokongoletsedwa mu okhwima filosofe. Pambuyo pake anaonekera pa nkhani kayendedwe - woyamba wa zonse, zabwino ndi zomveka empiricism. Bacon analimbikira kuti nzeru ndi zofunika kuti muchotse malingaliro ndi maganizo a mafano opanda pake, ndi kuti akaphunzire kudzera kuyesera ndipo ananena chikhalidwe. Mafano waukulu Bacon: fuko, mphanga, msika, zisudzo. Empiricism amatsutsa mafunde rationalist ndi scholasticism achipembedzo.

Choonadi empiricism

Rationalists ndi empiricists amasiyana kumvetsetsa magwero a chidziwitso cha choonadi. Choyamba izo mu anapezazo odalirika ndipo analimbikitsa osati kanthu kalikonse mwachibwanabwana, absolutising logic ndi njira deductive. Pamene empiricist ndi - ndi kupumula pa kupatsidwa ulemu. Ndiwo choonadi cha otsatira ake kuona anthu zinachitikira kwenikweni (empiricism), maganizo ake. Cholinga chachikulu ndi kumvetsa kumverera, ndondomeko ndi kalatayo yotengedwa choonadi kwa munthu pachiyambi, mawonekedwe ake undistorted. Waukulu adziwe kuti empiricist ndi - ndi koposa zonse, chikhalidwe, akumuyang'ana iye ndi kuchita izo, kupoletsa kumverera. chiphunzitso ali pafupi ndi sayansi monga zamoyo, mankhwala, sayansi ndi zakuthambo.

Choonadi empiricism - wamoyo amalingalira chifukwa, amene anasonyeza m'njira zotsatirazi:

• m'mtima (mirroring mu katundu aliyense wa chikumbumtima ndi mbali ya chinachake, zimakhudza ziwalo);

• kuzindikira (kulenga fano yofunika ya akum'dziŵa mu kaphatikizidwe zomverera);

• chifaniziro (wanzeru chifukwa generalization empiricism zithunzi-kwenikweni, osati pozindikira tsopano, koma mwapeza kale).

Mu ndondomeko ya kudziwa choonadi munthu nawo masomphenya, gustatory, chogwirika, Makutu zomverera, anaika kugonjera ndi mwa kukumbukira ndi kuganiza. Empiricist anafotokoza kukhalapo mu thupi eksteroretseptivnoy (mphamvu) ndi interoretseptivnye (zizindikiro za mkati boma) kachitidwe. Choncho, kwenikweni-maganizo komanso kwenikweni-tcheru m'nyanjazi - maziko amene kumanga empiric muyezo wa choonadi ndi kudziwa cholinga.