Ndani analemba Cinderella?

Kodi ndi ndani yemwe analemba nkhani zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi, yemwe analemba "Cinderella"? Kodi izo ziri za dzanja la Charles Perrault kapena kodi zinapangidwa ndi Abale Grimm? Kapena nkhani iyi yapadera inachokera ku milomo ya anthu? Kodi n'zotheka kuyankha mafunso angapo awa?

Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti palibe. Nthano ya mtsikana yemwe adataya nsapatoyo ndi yakale kwambiri kotero kuti sizingatheke kukhazikitsa gwero loyambirira. Ku London kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, buku la M.R. Cox linasindikizidwa, pamene chiwerengero chosiyana cha nthano zomwe mlembi anapeza chinatchulidwa - 345. Osonkhanitsa nthano zamakono ndi nthano zakhala zikupeza chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri, mwa iwo, mwinamwake, chimodzi mwa akale kwambiri ndi Chitchaina, Zaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazo.

Koma ambiri mwa iwo omwe analemba "Cinderella", ndithudi, akhala Charles Perrault - wolemba mbiri wa ku France, wolemba ndi ndakatulo. Iye anadandaula chifukwa cha nkhani zomwe kale zidalipo, iye amawakonzanso m'njira yake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuti akondweretse Ulemerero Wake Wachifumu, nthawi zambiri amathera nkhani iliyonse ndi mathero - "makhalidwe abwino", olembedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi wolemba ndakatulo wolemba zake.

Mu chilengedwe chokongola cha Perrault, Cinderella ikuwonekera patsogolo pathu mu hypostasis ya mwana wokoma mtima, womvera ndi wokongola wa wolemekezeka, yemwe mkazi wake woyamba anali mkazi wokongola. Koma, mwatsoka, amamwalira, ndipo abambo a Zamarashka ayenera kukwatira wina. Kotero zovuta za khalidwe loyambirira zimayamba, zomwe zimatchulidwa chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri kuyeretsa ndi kuseka kwa alongo ake okalamba ndi amayi awo opeza akuphimba ndi phulusa ndi fumbi. Ziri bwino, chifukwa cha kufatsa kwake ndi chifundo chake, iye adzalemekeza ndi mayesero onse okonzedweratu, ndipo adzakwatiwa ndi kalonga chifukwa cha nsapato yake yotayika, yokongoletsedwa ndi ubweya (ayi, osati kristalo!), Ndipo adzakhala mosangalala nthawi zonse. Koma kodi nkhani yabwino iyi ya mtsikana wotchedwa Cinderella nthawi zonse inatha motere? Charles Perrault, makamaka, anawonetsa wowerenga kukhala wosinthika, pomwe anthu olakwikawo samangidwa chifukwa cha nkhanza zawo.

Mu manja a abale Yakobo ndi Wilhelm Grimm, osonkhanitsa manthano, nthano za fano zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, zimakhala zamatsenga komanso zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, palibe mulungu monga momwe amafotokozera a Germany, koma pali mtengo wodabwitsa womwe ukukula pamanda a amayi, komanso njiwa ziwiri zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa mu nthambi zake, zomwe zimalandira thandizo lalikulu la Cinderella. Charles Perrault, yemwe amatsutsa mbiri yakale ya Northern Northern Europe, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi abale pafupi ndi zaka 100 pambuyo pa imfa ya mchimwene wa France, mwinamwake anachotsanso kwa iye mwazi wamagazi wa "kubwezera" kwa amayi opeza ndi ana ake aakazi chifukwa chozunzidwa ndi munthu wamkulu. Tiyenera kutchula kuti kumapeto kwa nkhani ya Grimm, alongo awiri a Zamarashka alongola mbali imodzi ya mwendo kuti akwere mu nsapato za golidi kale, pambuyo pake njiwa ziwiri zapamwambazi zikutchulidwa m'mwambo wa ukwatiwo.

Mu "Pentameron" ya wolemba nkhani wa ku Italy ndi wolemba ndakatulo Basile mungathe kuwona nkhaniyi, yomwe, malinga ndi malingaliro ena, Perro adawonanso. Cinderella apa - Zezollah - kodi si mtsikana wokongola, monga tinkamalingalira. Amapha thunthu la amayi ake oyambirira, pambuyo pake wachiwiri amayamba kukhala mphunzitsi wake, yemwe kwenikweni amachititsa kuti munthu wamkuluyo awonongeke. Alongo mu kusintha kwa Italy si awiri, koma asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo mulungu yekha sawoneka pa siteji. Koma abambo a msungwana wosasamala amabweretsa zinthu zamatsenga zomwe zimachokera kwa mnzake wake, zomwe Zezoll imadutsa mosavuta ndi mipira yambiri, kutayika komanso kumanga nsapato ndikukwatira kalonga.

Tikamvekanso nkhani zina zomwe zalembedwa mu bukhu la mbiri za anthu okongola achigiriki omwe amafalitsidwa ku France, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa ife omwe analemba Cinderella. Mmenemo wolemba alibe mipira, amayi opeza, alongo a azakazi ndi matsenga, kusiya chabe kutayika kwa nsapato, kapena kamba kulanda nsapato kuchokera ku heroine wamkulu ndi mphungu. Ndi mbalameyi , imaponyedwa kumapazi a Farao Psammetich, yemwe amalamulira kuti apeze mwiniwakeyo. Nkhaniyi imathabe ndi ukwati wokondwa.

Chinese Cinderella yomwe tatchulidwa pamwambayi, Yehhsien, inasiyana ndi ena mwa nzeru zake ndi luso lake lochita zowonjezera. Wothandizira zamatsenga ndi nsomba ya golide, yomwe, mwatsoka, imaphedwa ndi amayi opeza. Komabe, izi sizimalepheretsa heroine yaikulu kugwiritsa ntchito mafupa ake, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Ndi chithandizo chawo, Yehhsien amapita ku phwando la mvula mumphepo yokhala ndi nthenga za kingfisher, ndi nsapato zagolide, zomwe zimatayika. Mumupeze mtsogoleri wawo, yemwe kenako akufunafuna mwiniwake ku China, ndipo, atapeza Cinderella, amamukwatira. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuchitiridwa koyipa poyerekeza ndi amayi opeza aakazi, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, ana ake aakazi amamenyedwa mpaka kufa ndi miyala.

Koma, mosasamala kanthu za ziwerengero zazikulu za nkhani yotchuka iyi, ziri kwa inu, osati kwa ochita kafukufuku, olemba nkhani ndi ojambula ambiri a masewera kuti asankhe yemwe analemba Cinderella. Pambuyo pake, zikhoza kuchitika kuti chimodzi mwa zonsezi chidzakondana ndi mtima wanu, chomwe chikutanthauza kuti chidzakhala chachikulu komanso okhulupirika kwambiri. Ndipo izi, ndithudi, zidzakhala bwino.