Ndi nthano chiyani? Mitundu ndi Mitundu ya nthano

Nthano - mbali ya mwana. Palibe nkomwe munthu amene, monga mnyamata, sanamvere kwambiri nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Kukula, iye anafotokoza kuti ana awo, amene awamvetsa njira zawo, kujambula mu malingaliro zithunzi za ntchito zilembo 'ndi kuona mmene kuti transmits nthano.

Kodi nthano? ndi nthano chiyani? Awa ndi mafunso yesani kuyankha pa.

tanthauzo

Malinga ndi tanthauzo sayansi mabuku, nthano - "epic zolembalemba mtundu wanyimbo, Nkhani za zochitika aliyense matsenga kapena ulendo, amene ali dongosolo bwino. Begining, pakati ndi kutha" Za nthano iliyonse maphwando a owerenga ayenera mfundo makhalidwe abwino. Malinga mitundu, nthano ndi amagwira ntchito zina. Pali classifications ambiri polemba chinenero chimenechi.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya nkhani

ndi nthano chiyani? Aliyense wa ife amavomereza kuti mitundu osiyana ndi kupereka nkhani za nyama. Mtundu chachiwiri - nthano. Ndipo potsiriza, pali otchedwa zoweta nthano. mitundu yonse ndi makhalidwe zawo kumaonekera mwa kupenda poyerekeza. Yesetsani kumvetsa mwatsatanetsatane mu aliyense wa iwo.

ndi nkhani za nyama zimene?

Kupezeka kwa nkhani otere ndithu wolungama, chifukwa nyama - zolengedwa kuti kudzakhala nafe pafupi nthawi yomweyo. Ndipotu ameneyu chifukwa chakuti wowerengeka luso amagwiritsa zithunzi za nyama, ndi ambiri osiyanasiyana: onse zakutchire ndi zoweta. Komabe, tiyenera kulabadira chakuti nyama zimapezeka nthano, naperekanso monga nyama lililonse, koma monga nyama wapadera, kuvekedwa ndi makhalidwe anthu. Amakhala, kulankhula ndi kuchita zinthu monga anthu enieni. maluso ameneŵa luso n'zotheka kuti apange fano la bwino ndi chidwi, kudzaza ndi tanthauzo lake.

Nawonso nkhani za nyama akhoza kugawidwa mu nthano ndi nyama zakutchire kapena zoweta, zinthu, kapenanso zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo. otsutsa zolembalemba zambiri kulankhula za kodi Mitundu ya nkhani, m'kagulu ku matsenga, chokhala ndi satirical. Komanso mu gulu izi zikuphatikiza polemba chinenero cha nthano. Mukhoza kugawa nkhani za nyama pa ntchito ana ndi akulu. Nthawi zambiri nkhaniyo pali munthu amene akhoza kukwaniritsa udindo lalikulu kapena wamng'ono.

Kawirikawiri nkhani za nyama, ana kuphunzira pa zaka zitatu mpaka sikisi. Iwo bwino owerenga achichepere, zidzachitika ndi khalidwe mpaka kalekale: lokopa nkhandweyo, wamantha kalulu, imvi nkhandwe, wochenjera mphaka, ndi zina zotero. Monga ulamuliro, mbali yaikulu iliyonse nyama, ndipo kuli mbali khalidwe.

Kodi yomanga nkhani za nyama? Yankho ndi - osiyana kwambiri. nkhani chokhala Mwachitsanzo, amasankhidwa pamaziko a kulankhulana Nkhani, kumene ndi zilembo chomwecho, koma osiyana. Nthawi zambiri fairytale ngwazi nkhani maina mu mawonekedwe diminutive (Chanterelle-mlongo, Bunny-Pobegaychik, chule-Wah, ndi zina zotero).

Mtundu chachiwiri - nthano

Kodi mabuku nthano za matsenga? Khalidwe lalikulu la mtundu uwu - zamatsenga, zongopeka dziko limene iwo akukhala ndi ndiwo amene atchulidwa. Malamulo a dziko lino wosiyana alipidwa, si choncho zoona, zimene zimakopa owerenga wamng'ono ndi kuvumbitsira mtundu wa nthano, mosakaika, ndiwotani kwambiri mwa ana. Zamatsenga pamalo ndi nkhani alola wolemba kusonyeza malingaliro anu onse ndi ntchito maluso monga ambiri zogwirizana luso, ndi cholinga polenga ntchito mwachindunji omvera ana. Si chinsinsi kuti m'maganizo ana chosaneneka, ndi kukumana naye kwambiri, chovuta kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa nthano ali ndi nkhani lililonse, anthu ena ndi kutha osangalala. ndi nkhani za matsenga chiyani? Izo zikhoza kukhala nkhani ya ngwazi ndi zolengedwa wosangalatsa, nthano za zinthu zachilendo ndi mayesero osiyanasiyana amene zimagonjetsedwa kuyamika matsenga. Monga ulamuliro, zilembo komaliza kukwatirana ndi moyo mosangalala mpaka kalekale.

Onani kuti ngwazi za nthano kutchula ambiri makhalidwe abwino. Pakati pa nkhani yaikulu ya mtundu wanyimbo izi zolembalemba - kulimbana kwa chabwino ndi choipa, kulimbana ndi chikondi, choonadi ndi maloto ena. Payenera kukhala ndi chithunzi zoipa, lomwe komaliza adzagonjetsedwa. Kapangidwe ka nthano wamba - intonation, ndi mbali yaikulu ya mapeto.

nkhani za m'banja

Nkhani zimenezi amatiuza za zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, amadzazira zothandiza anthu ndi zilembo anthu. Mu wolemba satirizes zoipa makhalidwe anthu. nkhani zoterozo ndi chikhalidwe ndi satirical, ndi miyambo ya nthano, ndi ena ambiri. Apa kusekedwa Makhalidwe oipa a anthu olemera ndi maudindo, pamene nthumwi za anthu kutchula makhalidwe abwino nokha. nkhani m'banja amasonyeza kuti chinthu chachikulu - osati ndalama ndi mphamvu, ndi ubwino, kukhulupirika ndi malingaliro. otsutsa zolembalemba kunena - ndipo ichi ndi choona - kuti zinalembedwa pa nthawi imene anthu kuona mavuto chikhalidwe adafunafuna kusintha kapangidwe ka anthu. Pakati wotchuka kwambiri luso maluso Zotengera kuima pano nthabwala ndi kuseka.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya nkhani?

Kuwonjezera gulu pamwamba, nkhani akugaŵikanabe pa kukopera ndi wowerengeka. Kale ku dzina n'zoonekeratu kuti wolemba - nkhani zimene zalembedwa kwa yeniyeni odziwika wolemba, wongonena ndi wowerengeka - amene alibe wolemba limodzi. nkhani Folk zonse zapita pakamwa ku mibadwomibadwo, ndi wolemba choyambirira kuti munthu silidziŵika. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo iliyonse mtundu payokha.

nkhani wowerengeka

nkhani Folk amaonedwa kukhala amphamvu gwero la mbiriyakale, mfundo za moyo ndi zinthu zokhudza anthu makamaka. Aliyense wa amitundu mbiri yake anabwera ndi nambala yaikulu nkhani yophunzitsa ana ndi akulu, kudutsa m'moyo wawo ndiponso nzeru m'badwo wotsatira.

Folktales kuonetsa ubale wa anthu ndi kusintha makhalidwe abwino, amasonyeza kuti mfundo pachimake kukhalabe chomwecho, kuphunzira kudzatunga kusiyana pakati pa chabwino ndi choipa, chimwemwe ndi chisoni, chikondi ndi chidani, choonadi ndi bodza.

Mbali A zongopeka wowerengeka ndi kuti lemba losavuta komanso ndi losavuta kuwerenga, kwambiri tanthauzo chikhalidwe akubisala. Komanso, musunge chuma cha chiyankhulo cha Amalawi. ndi nkhani wowerengeka kodi? Iwo akhoza kukhala zamatsenga ndi banja. nkhani zambiri wowerengeka limatiuza za nyama.

Nthawi zambiri funso n'lakuti, pamene woyamba Russian wowerengeka nthano kupangidwa. Zikuoneka kuti tikhalebe chinsinsi, ndipo ife tikhoza amanena. Akukhulupirira kuti poyamba "olimba mtima" a nthano anali zochitika za chilengedwe - dzuwa, mwezi lapansi, ndi zina zotero. Kenako anayamba kumvera munthu, nalowa zithunzi nthano za anthu ndi nyama. Pali maganizo oti onse Russian wowerengeka Nkhani opanda maziko enieni. M'mawu ena, chochitika retells nthano mu mawonekedwe a, papita zaka zambiri ndipo mwafika kuno mu mawonekedwe kumene ife anazolowera. ndi Russian wowerengeka nkhani zimene, anamvetsa. Ndi nthawi yolankhula za nthano, Olemba omwe odziwika kuti owerenga.

wolemba nthano

Kawirikawiri ntchito wolemba ndi chithandizo zotengera malingaliridwe zochitika dziko Komabe, nkhani yatsopano ndi zachilendo. mbali khalidwe la wolemba maphwando a nkhani - maganizo, mawu chapamwamba otchulidwa zokongola, ntchito cliches Fairy.

Mbali ina ya mtundu wanyimbo izi kuti angathe kuwerenga pa mbali zosiyanasiyana. Motero munthu ndi nkhani yomweyo amaona mosiyana ndi anthu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Ana nthano Sharlya Perro mwana ngati nkhani wosalakwa, pamene munthu wamkulu adzapeza mmenemo vuto lalikulu ndi makhalidwe abwino. mabuku nthaŵi zambiri anatsindika poyamba pa owerenga wamng'ono, amazimasulira ndi akulu okha, komanso nkhani wosangalatsa akuluakulu anagunda malo ana.

Olemba nthano ndi ndani? Ndithudi aliyense atamva za "nkhani ya mayi anga Goose" ndi Charles Perrault maphwando a nkhani Italy Gozzi, ntchito za German wolemba Vilgelma Gaufa, Abale Grimm ndi Chidanishi wongonena Hans Mkhristu Andersen. Tisaiwale za Russian ndakatulo Aleksandre Pushkine! nkhani zawo kupembedza ana ndi akulu padziko lonse. m'badwo wonse kukula mu nkhani imeneyi. Komabe, ntchito zonse za mlembi ndi chidwi ku mawonedwe a mabuku, iwo agwa pansi pa tanthauzo la gulu, ndi zizindikiro zawo za luso la njira kukopera. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi wokondedwa maphwando a nkhani kupanga mafilimu ndi zojambula.

Pomaliza

Choncho tinaganiza, kodi nthano. Chirichonse chimene icho chingakhale nthano - woyambitsa, wowerengeka, moyo, matsenga kapena limatiuza za nyama - ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ndiphunzire wa owerenga. Chidwi kwambiri ndi zimene zilibe amene amawerenga nkhani. Akulu ndi ana tatsimikiza kuphunzirapo zinthu zothandiza. Nthano aliyense mphamvu kusonyeza, kufalitsa nzeru za anthu (kapena wolemba) ndi kusiya chosatha chidwi m'maganizo mwa owerenga. Zotsatira sanali akukokomeza. Pali ngakhale kutchedwa nkhani achire, okhoza kuti adzathe kuphunzitsa ndi kuyamwa zosiyanasiyana zizoloŵezi zoipa!