Ndulu ali kuti? Makulidwe: mlingo akuluakulu ndi ana

Ndulu - thupi kwa zaka zambiri ankaona rudiment, osakhoza ndi achabechabe chidina zakale. olakwika Izi zapangitsa kuti mfundo yakuti nthawi zina mwachangu ndulu kunachotsedwa monga zakumapeto ndi. Koma nthawi kusintha, ndipo tsopano wakhala momveka bwino kuti khalidwe la moyo popanda ndulu ndithu kugwa. Koma kodi izi limba yapadera? Kodi izo ndi zimene zimagwira ntchito?

makhalidwe General

Si anthu ambiri akhoza kudzitama zokhudza kumene ndulu anthu. Malowa ali pamtunda pang'ono lamanzere ndipo pamwamba m'mimba - lamanzere nusu chapamwamba. Unyinji wa ndulu wathanzi munthu wamkulu kawirikawiri mu uthunthu wa magalamu 150-200. Thupi ili ndi kuchita nawo kufalitsidwa kwa - kosalekeza umadutsa 200 ml ya magazi. Mwachibadwa, zimenezi si. Mu ndulu pali zinthu zingapo amene kufunika sitingalephere kukambapo.

Mu boma wabwinobwino, ulamuliro ichi sichichitika malo kwambiri. Njira imodzi kudziwa ngati ndulu anu n'kwabwino - kukula. akulu Normal ndi za 8-15 masentimita m'litali ndi masentimita 6-9 m'lifupi. matenda ndulu zimachititsa kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu kukula kwake. Kumene, popanda thupi ili zachilendo akhoza moyo. Koma ngati moyo wabwino basi ngati kale? No. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu popanda ndulu ndi kuti atengeke matenda tizilombo, kuposa amene anali thupi ili yofunika. Chimakula poyerekeza ndi thupi lathu, kotero kukula kwa ndulu ya ana amadalira pa msinkhu ndi kukula. Mwachitsanzo, zaka 3 mpaka 7, pafupifupi kutalika thupi m'ma 65 mamilimita ndi m'lifupi 50 mm.

Ndulu ndi udindo zimene

Mwamwayi, thupi amati achabechabe zimenezo amachita zosiyanasiyana kuti mankhwala nduna ya m'mbuyomu sanali kudziwa nkomwe. Imodzi mwa ntchito za ndulu ya - kudzikundikira magazi kuti kuponyera mu nthawi kwambiri thukuta, thupi kapena magazi ochuluka. Mu makamaka nkhani yaikulu mosungiramo lino ejected maselo wabwino magazi ofiira, katundu amene nthawi zonse mkatikati mwa vuto la mwadzidzidzi.

Ndulu zonse Zosefera magazi ndi kuchotsa poizoni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zinyalala maselo ofiira. Mu kuya kwake, iwo ayenera anapambulwa m'zigawo, ena amene ali nawo mapangidwe maselo ofiira atsopano magazi, ndipo ena mwa chitsulo uyikidwa m'madera wapadera yosungirako. Komanso aumbike mwa lymphocytes ndulu ndi chitetezo potsutsa nthumwi za matenda m'thupi.

kapangidwe

Mtokoma wa ndulu - wofiira zamkati likhale chifukwa tyazham connective. Iwo litadzala ndi nambala yaikulu ziwiya, amene ali maselo magazi, akuyembekezera tsoka lake. Iwo osasankhidwa ndi inathetsedwa maselo chakale magazi ndi matupi yachilendo amakodwa. Ngati dongosolo likusowa kwambiri magazi chakudya, ndulu bwino amazipatsa izo kwa akasinja awo. Munamvapo kudula ululu kumbali yake ya kumanzere pamene akuthamanga kapena zochitika zina thupi? Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mbali ya ndulu ya anamasulidwa mu m'magazi gawo waukulu wa magazi, kuti musavutike.

Kuwonjezera zamkati wofiira, palinso woyera, amachita ntchito chosiyana. Iwo "zipse" ndi lymphocytes umatulutsa mankhwala akupha kuti kuteteza thupi choopa yachilendo. N'chifukwa chake anthu amene anachotsa chiwindi zothandiza, nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda.

thupi wapadera

Ndulu - malo okha mu thupi laumunthu, kumene ndi lotseguka magazi. Onse machitidwe ena magazi chatsekedwa khalidwe. Koma kuti bwino kuthana ndi kusunga mabuku yaikulu ya magazi, ndulu amachita ngati chinkhupule. Mitsempha ake ndi capillaries anatsanulira mwachindunji mu zimakhala thupi kuyamwa magazi pamene likufutukuka. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza inu kudziunjikira ndalama yaikulu ya magazi, ngati n'koyenera.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati adjudged kukhala kuchuluka kwambiri poizoni mu thupi, iwo ayamba kudziunjikira mu ndulu, kuyembekezera maselo zoteteza adzamvetsa iwo. Mu matenda ena, ndi thupi lathanzi zambiri moti ayenera zichotsedwa. Koma si nthawi zonse kuchotsa ndulu amatsogolera zotsatira zabwino zina yekha n'lalikulu.

Kuvulala ndiponso kuwonongeka

Kumene, mmodzi wa i zofunika kwambiri limene zowunikira ndulu - kukula. Ponseponse akuluakulu ndi m'mbali sangamvetse kumuteteza. A chidutswa ka thupi wofatsa amakhalabe undisguised kwathunthu kukhala kotheka kuwonongeka. Mu modetsa choipa splenic angayambe, amene chingandithandize magazi yaikulu mkati. Zikhoza moyo pachiswe, kotero mu Zikatero thupi Kalanga ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kusoka chinang'ambika zamkati ndi sizingatheke, monga zimakhala ake wosakhwima ndi chinang'ambika kuyesa kusokoneza.

Nthawi zambiri, chiwindi ndi ndulu amafuna kusamala, chifukwa ena a matupi awa wosakhwima ndi osalimba zoona, si kutetezedwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali chiopsezo kuvulazidwa kwa mmodzi wa Zosefera zofunika kwambiri ya thupi lathu. Popanda ndulu Anthu akhoza bwino moyo, ndi chiwindi amatha zodabwitsa buluzi, koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuti thupi lathu - ndi njira zovuta. Ngati mmodzi wa ziwalo akusowa kapena owonongeka akusokoneza dongosolo lonse.

Matenda a ndulu

matenda yaikulu ya thupi zimachitika kawirikawiri mavuto zofunika mopereka matenda ndendende sekondale kugwirizana ndi kuwononga ziwalo zina za thupi kapena mavairasi. Ndulu amachita zoteteza ntchito mosalekeza Zosefera magazi, kuchedwa ndi kumatha zinthu zoopsa. Koma nthawi zina matenda ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti simungathe kupirira izo. Pa nthawi imene mlingo wa ndulu kuchotsa kuposa matenda, iye akhoza kukhala kapolo wa tizilomboto. Yokwanira kuchiza matenda, ndi sefa thupi anabwerera mwakale, kokha milandu poipa kwambiri kungafune alowererepo pa opaleshoni.

Ndulu yokha kawirikawiri zimabweretsa mavuto kwa mwini, koma Zikatero zimachitika nthawi mu yochizira matenda. Mwachitsanzo, kunapezeka, ndi mtima - vuto chibadidwe osati mtima. mosavuta zingachitikire ndulu, chifukwa mu izo zonse akuthamanga yambiri ya magazi. Komanso, pali milandu necrosis a zamkati minofu chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, sanayambe kulamulira. misa kusapeza kupulumutsa chotupa limeneli, makamaka ngati pali chizolowezi kuchuluka kwake.

splenectomy

Muyezo umene zambiri zopezeka vuto ndulu - miyeso. akulu Normal ndi masentimita 15 m'litali ndipo palibe masentimita kuposa 9 m'lifupi. Inde, kuopa kukhala opusa kuchotsa thupi ili zothandiza pa pang'ono matenda ake, koma nthawi zina kukhala choosers.

Splenectomy, kapena ndondomeko kuchotsa ndulu, ikuchitika milandu komwe ntchito zake kungasokoneze moyo wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yotere zina zothandiza kwa anthu akuvutika ndi chepetse chiwerengero cha othandiza magazi kuundana m'magazi. Pambuyo splenectomy, magazi clotting umayamba kusintha.

magazi ndiyotani pakuchotsa zinthu zoopsa - kuti ndi udindo zimene ndulu. Chotero, ngati munthu ziwalo kuti ali pafupi, nakantha chotupa, ndiye mankhwala ake kapena kuchotsa kungafune splenectomy. Ndipotu ndulu ya chimamangirira chilungamo nambala ya maselo chotupa, kumene kungakhudze nsalu kapena kupita pa ulendo wautali m'thupi. Chifukwa china kuchotsa kwa kuleza thupi - kuvulala. Bwezerani ndulu kuonongeka ndi zovuta, kotero nthawi zambiri zofunika kuchotsa izo.

Posamalira

Chotero thupi wofatsa anamva zabwino, muyenera kupewa kuvulala, kupulumutsa ndi kuteteza kuvulaza. Aliyense kugwa kapena kuomba kwa ndulu ya zingachititse akutaya mkati. Ngati munthu kuvulazidwa Sikuti kuthandiza nthawi, zotsatira zake zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, ngakhale woopsa.

Ngati inu kusonyeza kapena kuona zochitika zina thupi, m'pofunika kwambiri agwirire iwo ndi kaimbidwe zachilengedwe a ndulu ya. Pachimake pa ntchito yake imagwera pa nyengo kuchokera maola 10 kuti 12, ndi nthawi yabwino kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Koma pakati pa 22 ndi 24 maola - holide ya ndulu, ndi Sikuti kamodzinso kuti tisasokoneze wake nthawi imeneyi.

M'maso latsopano

M'zaka zapitazi, ndulu ankaona zosafunika chokhudza ngakhale zounikira kwambiri luso la sayansi sangathe kudziwa ntchito yake. Today anatsimikizira kuti thupi lili akuthandiza kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu. Muyezo waukulu imene akufunitsitsa ngati ndulu ndi wathanzi - kukula. Ponseponse akuluakulu akhoza kwambiri kuposa popanda vuto thanzi. Pakali pano, kuwonjezeka kwa thupi sikuti kuyambitsa kuchotsa ake mmene madokotala kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri koma chionetsero cha matenda ena. Nthawi adzatiuza mmene zonse chidziwitso atsopano a ndulu ya. Chinthu chimodzi ndi bwino - thupi lodabwitsali inakonzedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri.