Nikolai Rubtsov, "Mu Madzulo": kufufuza kwa ndakatulo. Maloto a chitsitsimutso

Zaka 35-37 - zaka zowononga kwa olemba ndakatulo ambiri a Chirasha. Chifukwa chiyani? N'zovuta kunena, koma pazifukwa zina ziri choncho. Anasokonezeka kwambiri ndi Nikolai Rubtsov.

Zithunzi

Pofuna kumvetsa chifukwa chake ndi nkhani ziti zomwe Nikolai Rubtsov analemba, munthu ayenera kuganizira za moyo wovuta umene wapanga mwa iye: osagwirizana, osagwirizana, onse pakuponya ndi kufufuza. Kolya ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, amayi ake anamwalira, ndiye anamutengera patsogolo pa abambo ake. Mnyamatayo anabwera ku nyumba ya ana amasiye. Iye anali mwana wofatsa ndi wamanyazi. Bambo anabwerera kuchokera kutsogolo ali moyo ndipo sanatenge ana ake - anali ndi banja latsopano. Chilombo china mumsamba. Ambiri a iwo adzakhala. Dzina lachilendolo ndilophiphiritsira: amaidula m'njira yamoyo. Nicholas, atamaliza sukulu ya zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, sanaphunzire maphunziro, ngakhale adayesa kuphunzira m'masukulu osiyanasiyana, ku Forest Technical School ku Literary Institute. Iye anayamba kufalitsa. Owerenga ankakonda ndakatulo yake, koma kuchokera kwa anzake anatsala pang'ono kupeza chithandizo - anawona luso lapadera. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi imodzi mwa ndakatulo ina, yomwe inalembedwa ndi Nikolai Rubtsov, "Mu Madzulo." Kufufuza kwa ndakatulo ukuyankhula za kumvetsetsa kwapansi pa dziko, koma palibe kulowa mkati mwachoonadi. Zolemba zoyambirira za ndakatulo zonse ndi zomveka komanso zozama. "Kutsimikiza Kwathu Kwambiri" kunalowetsa moyo, "kumagwira", monga momwe amachitira nthawi zambiri. Koma moyo unapitirira. Anathamangitsidwa ku sukuluyi. Ndi banja lake anapita kumudzi wa Vologda.

Koma panalibe ndalama, ndipo munalibe mtendere m'banja. Nicholas anatha kubwezeretsa ku dipatimenti ya makalata, ndipo kunali koyenera kukhala usiku ngakhale pa sitimayo. Koma adathamangidwanso, ndipo ulendo wotsatira unayamba. Kulakalaka kunabwera. Izi zinayamba mu ndakatulo. Mzindawu kapena mudziwo sunavomereze. Iye anali wotayika. Nicholas ankadziona kuti sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, koma zimenezi sizichitika kwenikweni. Anthu amakhulupirira, kapena sakudziwa zomwe amakhulupirira. Chiyembekezo chakuti mabwinja a tchalitchichi adzabwezeretsedwa, omwe Nikolai Rubtsov ("Mu Madzulo") akuwona mu chilengedwe chake chotsatira, kuwunika kwa ndakatulo Sitikutsimikizira, chifukwa ntchito yomweyomwe imafuna kubwereranso. Koma moyo, kotero umakonzedwa, umapita patsogolo pokha. Moyo wa wolemba ndakatulowu unadulidwa mwachisoni ndi m'mawa waubatizo, posakhalitsa atakwanitsa zaka 35.

Wotota

Wolemba ndakatulo ndi weniweni komanso panthawi imodzi. Pamaso pake panjira pamtunda, ndipo kugwa kwa phiri: mabwinja a kachisi wopatulika. Kodi Nikolai Rubtsov ("Madzulo") akuyembekeza ntchito yake? Kufufuza kwa ndakatulo kunena kuti chitsitsimutso cha Russia patriarchal. Koma Russia, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono, ikukula, ndikumidzi. Iyi ndi njira yapadziko lonse, iyo sungakhoze kuyimidwa ndi kulira kulikonse ndi kulira. Nikolai Rubtsov ("Mu Madzulo") maloto ofuna kukhala ndi ufulu. Kufufuza kwa ndakatulo kukuyika izi pansi pa funso lalikulu. Ngakhale Agiriki akale, opanga demokarase, amadziwa kuti zonse sizinali. Pali anthu okhaokha. Ufulu umakopa anthu, osawapatsa.

Vesi lachitatu

Kodi ndi ndakatulo yanji yomwe ndakatulo imalota pa gawo lake lachitatu? Kodi Rus anakhala moyo bwanji? Ndipotu, tikakumbukira Lermontov, dziko la Russia linali losauka komanso losauka. Nkhono zake zopanda malire ndi nkhalango zopanda malire zinasiya kubala amphona. Mizinda ku Mikhail Yurievich ndi nyumba zomvetsa chisoni, osati zoyesera kuzikongoletsa ndi zojambulajambula, koma osauka, zodzala ndi udzu. Ndipo pa maholide - kuvina kwa muzhiks woledzera. Zosavuta ndi zoona. Ndipo chigamulo chachitatu cha Rubtsov chiri chokwanira bwino. Ndi moyo uti wosadabwitsa, wosangalatsa womwe umamugwiritsira ntchito malo otseguka? Sizowonekeratu kuti wolemba ndakatulo amawona moyo patsogolo pake, akukwera pamwamba.

Utopia

Imeneyi ndiyo ndondomeko yachinayi. Kotero chabwino ndi chabwino chirichonse chimachitika mmenemo, kuti ngakhale mzimu umagwira. Kukhala chete ndi zosalala pamwamba, zomwe zikusowa m'moyo wa mwini wake, zilowe mu ndakatulo. Ngakhale nthano za Lermontov sizinasokoneze maloto abwino. Mwachiwonekere iye adawona zenizeni za moyo ndipo sanakhulupirire nkhani zabodza. Wina amawonekera pamaso pa wowerenga vesi la Nikolai Rubtsov "Mu Madzulo." Anyamata amatengedwa ndi zowawa. Kodi mahatchi ali kuti moyo wathu, akufunsidwa. Izi zimachokera ku Rus, yemwe sankakhulupirira. Koma pambuyo pachisoni chimene ntchitoyo inayamba, pali zotsutsana: zonse zakhala zosangalatsa, zotentha, zomveka. Kwa heroyo yamakondwereko mumakondwera: adadzipeza yekha. Mwachikhalidwe chodziwika chaku kumpoto, mwachiwonekere, amapeza chithumwa chosadziwika chomwe chimachepetsa mphamvu yokoka kuchokera ku moyo.

Mutu

Mu maloto a mudzi wotchuka, monga momwe kusanthula kumasonyezera, nkhani yake yoimba Nikolai Rubtsov ("Po Madzulo "). Mutu wa ndakatulowu ndi chikondi chosakondweretsa kwa Motherland, kubwerera ku mizu, ku chiyambi, koma, mwatsoka, kupitilira kovuta kwa amayi a Russia. Chokongola kwambiri cholemba ndakatulo mwachidwi ndipo amasonyeza mwachidziwitso chisangalalo chake cha nthawi zamaganizo. Iye sakudziwa kuti ngakhale mwatsopano kumanganso kachisi sakubwezeretsanso ulemerero ndi kufotokoza: kotero mopanda pake ndi mwamsanga moyo umayenda. Makhalidwe achikhristu sadzabwerera ku moyo wathunthu. Anthu amachitcha kuti "musaphe" komanso "musabe," koma ndi chiyani china chomwe amakumbukira kuchokera ku Malamulo Khumi? Kodi amatsegula "Chipangano Chatsopano"? Ndipo kodi adzatsegula? Kodi amawombera? Kapena kodi ndi buku la museum, limene pafupifupi palibe aliyense amakhudza ndipo palibe amene akukambirana? Ndi miyambo iti yomwe ikanapulumuka mumudzi wakufa? Kodi chidzachitike n'chiyani kumudziwu zaka 10 mpaka 15? Nyumba zomwe zinkasiyidwa ndi mawindo atatsekedwa, mabwalo odzaza ndi udzu wambiri, kumene mawu ankamveka, zofukiza zikuyaka, utsi wa mapaipi unali kubwera. Wolemba ndakatulo amasankha kuti asaganize za chiyembekezo chimenecho. Izi ndi zolemetsa kwambiri kwa moyo wofatsa ndi wokonda wolemba ndakatulo, wokhumudwa, koma kuyembekezera kuti moyo, monga mwa nthano, udzabweretsa chimwemwe ndi chimwemwe kwa onse.

Ndilo lingaliro lomwe limapangitsa ndakatulo "Mu Madzulo" ndi Nikolai Rubtsov, ngati mutachotsa magalasi owala kwambiri m'maso mwanu .