Njira akuti mabuku. Fanizo hyperbola, poyerekezera

Njira mawu m'mabuku m'njira yosiyana amatchedwa akuti "njinga". Trop ndi losafuna chithunzi, mawu kapena mawu amene agwiritsidwa ntchito mophiphiritsa, kuti tiyambe akuti luso, mawu ophiphiritsa. losiyanasiyana Chiwerengerochi ntchito mabuku ankagwiritsa ntchito, iwo ntchito kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kulankhula pagulu. The mitundu ikuluikulu monga tropes, monga hyperbola ndi, epithet metonymy poyerekeza fanizo synecdoche, Izitu n'zovutitsa, litotes, olembedwa mofotokozera, kutengera, nthano chabe. Today ife kulankhula za izi njira zitatu: fanizo, okokomeza ndi fanizo. Aliyense kudzera mwa mawu adzakhala funsani tangotchulawo mu mabuku kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Fanizo: chizindikiritso

Mawu akuti "fanizo" amatanthauza "tanthauzo lophiphiritsira", "kusintha". mawuwa kapena mawu, amene ntchito mtengo yozungulira, zochokera njira iyi ndi nkhani kuyerekeza (akamuuze) ndi wina wa kufanana kwa mbali. Kuti ndi fanizo - ophiphiritsa chomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi mawu mophiphiritsa pa maziko chitsanzo, kufanana, kufanizira.

Mu njira iyi ndi izi 4 zinthu: nkhani kapena gulu; akutsutsa mwa gulu wapatsidwa; ndi njira imene chinthu amachita ntchito yeniyeni; ntchito ndondomeko zinthu zenizeni kapena kudutsa iwo.

Fanizo mu leksikologii - ubale zamalankhulidwe alipo pakati pa mfundo zina mawu polysemantic, ozikidwa pa kukhalapo kufanana (zinchito, kunja structural). Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi trope monga kutha zokongoletsa palokha, motero chimakankhira choyambirira, tanthauzo loyambirira la lingaliro a.

mitundu ya mafanizo

Kusiyanitsa mchiphunzitso ano, limene limafotokoza fanizo, izi mitundu iwiri: diaphora (ie Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, fanizo lakuthwa), ndipo epiphora (achotsa, mwachizolowezi).

Kufalitsidwa fanizo ikuchitika zonse kwa uthenga lonse wonse kapena mpukutu lalikulu. Chitsanzo adzapelekedwa motere: "Palibe buku njala: kunadetsa stale Atuluke katundu ndi buku msika - ali ndi kuwataya yomweyo, popanda akuyesera."

Palinso otchedwa anazindikira fanizo zimene zimaphatikizapo mpheto ya mawu opanda khalidwe wake wophiphiritsa. Mu mawu ena, monga ngati linali ndi tanthauzo lamanja la fanizoli. The chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa ichi zambiri azithunzithunzi. Chitsanzo: "Iye anapsa mtima ndipo iye analowa sitima ya."

Mafanizo mu luso la kulankhula

Mu mapangidwe zosiyanasiyana mafanizo luso mbali yofunika, monga takambirana kale, polongosola njinga, ndi maulalo associative pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mafanizo monga njira akuti mabuku kwambiri kuzindikira kuphwanya "chomvetsetseka" ndi automatism wa nkhani.

Mu luso la kulankhula ndi chinenero izi zitsanzo ziwiri, amene anapanga njinga. Pa mtima wa oyamba ndi mwini kapena makanema ojambula. chachiwiri zachokera reification lapansi. Mafanizo (mawu ndi ziganizo) analengedwa ndi chitsanzo choyamba, wotchedwa personifying. Zitsanzo: "chisanu womangidwa nyanja", "Chipale", "Chaka zimauluka ndi," "amathamanga mtsinje," "maganizo adzafota", "nthawi anaima", ". Adzanyekeka kunyong'onyeka) Palinso ophatikizapo fanizo (" Mumtima chisoni "," chitsulo mudzatero "," muzu wa zoyipa zonse "," malawi "," dzanja la tsoka ").

Language ndi mitundu munthu wa njira imeneyi monga njira akuti mabuku ndi zopezeka mu luso la kulankhula. Iwo anapereka masomphenya a lembalo. Tikamaphunzira mankhwala zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ndakatulo ayenera amapenda kodi fanizo luso. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ankagwiritsa ntchito, ngati olemba kufunafuna kusonyeza m'maganizo, mtima munthu moyo, kusandutsa dziko otizungulira akumvera. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito chikondi chimodzimodzi mu fanizoli anasonyeza mtima wolembayo munthu ndi dziko. Mu ndi akatswiri maganizo lyrics, kuphatikizapo ziriri, njira imeneyi ndi yofunika monga njira chizindikiritso cha zowachitikira zosiyana, komanso mawu a malingaliro nthanthi ya ndakatulo zina.

Zitsanzo mafanizo amalenga chakale ndakatulo

pa AS Pushkin Mwachitsanzo, pali fanizo otsatirawa: "sneaks mwezi", "wachisoni glades", "maloto phokoso," unyamata "limalangiza mochenjera."

Mu M. Yu Lermontova:. "Wakumva" mulungu wa m'chipululu, ati nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi, "chikumbumtima kuzichita," "anakwiya maganizo" abulusa cholembera.

mu Fi Tiutchev yozizira "anakwiya" Spring 'kugogoda "zenera," tulo "madzulo.

Mafanizo ndi zithunzi za anthu otchulidwa

Nawonso fanizo akhoza kukhala maziko zosiyanasiyana zithunzi m'nkhaniyi. Mu Lermontov Mwachitsanzo, iwo amapanga zithunzi zimenezo, zizindikiro monga "dzanja" ndi "Pine" ( "Mu Wild North ..."), "kupalasa" (a ndakatulo ya dzina yomweyo). tanthauzo - mu zophiphiritsira chabe akuyerekezera paini kupalasa kopanda munthu amene akufunafuna njira zawo mu moyo zowawa kapena wopanduka, kusenza udindo wa kusungulumwa kwake. Mafanizo komanso ndi maziko a m'nkhaniyi ndakatulo analenga ndakatulo ndi Symbolists zina zambiri.

Kuyerekezera: tanthauzo

Kuyerekezera - njira imeneyi, ozikidwa pa kuloŵerera ena chodabwitsa kapena chinthu zina pamaziko a ena Mbali wamba. Cholinga anathamangitsa mwa njira imeneyi kuthokoza - kudziwa chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimenechi, latsopano ku nkhani ya katundu nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

Kuonetsetsa poyerekeza: kuyerekezera chinthu (zotchedwa chinthu poyerekeza), chinthu (Poyerekeza njira) ndi amene sanjira izi zimachitika komanso chizindikiro wamba (poyerekeza, mosiyana - "poyerekeza m'munsi"). Imodzi mwa mbali zimasiyanitsa njira iyi ndi kutchula za izo, ndi za zinthu zina poyerekeza, chizindikiro wamba Motero anasonyeza Sikuti. Kuyenera siyanitsa ndi kufanana kwa mafanizo a.

njira iyi ndi khalidwe la folklore.

Mitundu kufananitsa

zosiyanasiyana kufananitsa zilipo. Izi inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a zolowa poyerekeza, amene anapanga ndi mabungwe "molondola," "monga," "ngati", "mmene". Chitsanzo: "Iye wopusa, ngati nkhosa, koma mochenjera ngati gehena." Palinso kufananitsa asyndetic, ndiwo maganizo ndi gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe. Chitsanzo wotchuka: "Nyumba yanga - malo anga." Kupangidwa ndi nauni kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani malangizo - ". Apita ku strut" Mwachitsanzo, Pali kumakana: "The pofuna - osati kuzunzidwa."

Kuyerekezera mabuku

Yerekezerani monga njira ankagwiritsa ntchito luso la kulankhula. Ndi limamutchula kufanana, correspondences kufanana anthu, moyo wawo ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Yerekezerani, motero, monga izo zinali kulewerana mayanjano zosiyanasiyana kuti chichokera wolemba.

Nthawi zambiri, njira imeneyi ndi khamu associative, amene athe kusonyeza chithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo "Kuti Nyanja" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym, nyanja ndi woyambitsa wa nambala koyanjana ndi "geniuses" (Byron ndi Napoleon), ndi munthu konse. Iwo enshrined m'mafanizo zosiyanasiyana. Chikufanana phokoso la nyanja, amene ndakatulo akuti tiwonana ndi "chisoni" musadandaule, bwenzi, "kuitana" mu nthawi yake anatsanzikana. Wolemba ndakatulo Byron munthu amaona makhalidwe ofanana ndi amene alipo mu "ufulu vesi": kuya, mphamvu, indomitable, moodiness. Zikuoneka kuti Byron ndi nyanja - anthu awiri a chikhalidwe chomwecho: ufulu wachikondi, wonyada, wofunitsitsa, zachilengedwe, wamphamvu wofuna.

Kuyerekezera mu wowerengeka ndakatulo

Mu wowerengeka ndakatulo ntchito ambiri kufananitsa kugonjetsedwa oimira kufananitsa ndi kudalira mwambo ntchito pa nkhani zina. Iwo sali aliyense, ndipo anatengedwa kuchokera woimba wowerengeka katundu ndi wongonena. Iwo zooneka chitsanzo kuti zikhoza chinaonekeranso mwa zinthu zofunika. Kumene, alakatuli amene zochokera folklore ntchito zake kutchula khola poyerekezera. WANGA Lermontov Mwachitsanzo, mu "Nyimbo ya Malonda Kalashnikov" analemba kuti mfumu anayang'ana pa msinkhu wa kumwamba "ngati chiombankhanga" pa imvi mapiko "Young njiwa".

Okokomeza: Tanthauzo

Mawu "okokomeza" mu Russian - amenewa akutanthauza yomasulira "ndi kusinjirira", "zotsala", "pa", "kusintha". Izi ndi stylistic chithunzi, zomwe ndi kusinjirira mwadala ndi zoonekeratu kuti kumapangitsanso expressiveness ndi kutsindika mfundo inayake. Mwachitsanzo: "Tili ndi chakudya chokwanira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi," "Ine kale anati kuchulukitsa zikwi".

Okokomeza kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi ena osiyanasiyana zipangizo stylistic, umene amapereka mtundu yoyenera. Ndi fanizo ( "mapiri ananyamuka aziweyulira") ndi kufananitsa hyperbolic. Izo zimasonyeza zinthu kapena khalidwe angakhalenso hyperbolic. Katundu kuti Mathotho monga kulankhula pagulu, losafuna kalembedwe ntchito pano monga chisoni kulandira ndi chikondi pamene kukhudzana Eti changu.

Zitsanzo kuti ntchito mafanizo okokomeza chinenero Russian - ndi mawu ndi Zining'a ( "mphezi kudya", "kudya, ngati mphezi," "Nyanja ya Misozi", etc.). The enumeration yaitali.

Okokomeza mu mabuku

Okokomeza mu vesi ndi prose ndi imodzi mwa njira yakale kwambiri luso la mawu. mbali Luso la njira imeneyi ambiri ndi mosiyanasiyana. Zolembalemba okokomeza chofunika makamaka lozani makhalidwe ena chapadera kapena katundu wa anthu, zochitika, zochitika zachilengedwe, zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, yapadera chikhalidwe watsopano, chikondi ngwazi, zikutsindika kudzera njira iyi: chofooka mnyamata akuona kuti nkhondo ndi kambuku ofanana odana wamphamvu monga chilombo kuthengo.

katundu okokomeza

Okokomeza, mwini, epithet ndi kudutsa ena amakonda tcheru anthu owerenga. Features mafanizo okokomeza kuti chotikakamiza kuti tione moyenera zitawonetseredwa, ndiye kuti amaona kufunika ndi udindo wapadera. Kuyendetsa malire a yonena anakhazikitsa, akupatsa anthu, nyama zinthu, zochitika zachilengedwe "zodabwitsa" Kukhala katundu zauzimu, njira ntchito ndi olemba zosiyanasiyana, zimatsindika mwambo luso dziko analengedwa ndi olemba. Kulongosola bwino okokomeza ndiponso mtima kwa mlengi wa ntchito zotsatirazi - idealization, "kusunthika" kapena, Tikawonetsetsa, kunyozedwa, kukana.

A udindo wapadera ndi ankaimba ndi tinjira ta mu ntchito za cholinga satirical. The satires, nthano, epigrams andakatulo 19-20 atumwi, komanso mu satirical "Nkhani" Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Nkhani ya City") ndi nkhani yake Fairy, mu satirical buku "Mtima wa Dog" ndi Bulgakov. The comedies wa Mayakovsky "Bath" ndi "Bug" luso okokomeza limasonyeza absurdity wa anthu ndiponso zochitika, kusonyeza absurdity awo makhalidwe oipa, kulankhula ngati caricature kapena caricatured fano.