Nsomba yamphongo, mtundu wake. Nsomba zazitsamba

Kodi nsomba yamphongo ndi chiyani? Izi ndi zosiyana siyana, zowonongeka kwambiri. Ziri choncho, poyerekeza ndi roach, kutalika kwa thupi ndi kwakukulu, masikelo ang'onoang'ono mu kukula, ndi m'kamwa kochepa kameneka kamene kamakhala kochepa, m'mphepete mwausiya wa mapiko ndi mano okhwima. 25-35 centimita ndi kutalika kwa nkhosa yamphongo, kulemera kwace kufika 1.8 makilogalamu. Nsomba iyi imapezeka m'nyanja za Azov ndi Black, zimapita mitsinje mu kasupe pofuna kutaya caviar ndipo nthawi zambiri imalowa m'nyengo yozizira. Motero nsomba zambiri zimawombera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje m'nyanja.

Taran ndi chizindikiro, chomwe chimatayika

Nsomba iyi siimakwera pamwamba pa mtsinjewo. Kupanga malo kumapezeka kwinakwake kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa April udzu ndi bango, ndiye nsomba yam'madzi imapitanso m'nyanja. Chifukwa chakuti kale idagulitsidwa kokha mu mawonekedwe owuma ku Kuban, ku Don, mu Nyanja ya Azov, nkhosa yamphongo imatchedwa nsomba iliyonse yomwe imawoneka ngati vobla kapena roach. Kalekale, mitsinje yonse yomwe imatuluka m'nyanja ya Azov, makamaka Don, inali yofunikira kwambiri yopha nsomba, inapereka ndalama zambiri zamphongo. Tsopano, mwatsoka, pakhala pali kusowa kwathunthu kwa beseni lonse, ndipo nkhosa yamphongo ili, mwatsoka, palibe kwinakwake kuti ingagwidwe. Chifukwa cha ichi sichimvetsetsedwa bwino, koma akuganiza kuti zokolola za tarani zopanda malire zinayika pamphepete mwa kutha. Choncho muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, kenako nsomba zothandiza kwambiri zidzatha.

Nsomba zouma, ramming: njira yokonzekera, gawo loyamba

Chidziwitso cha njirayi ndi choyamba kuti nsomba imakhala mafuta, patapita nthawi inayake, imakhala m'malo ozizira bwino komanso malo owuma. Pambuyo pa zonse izi, zikhoza kudyedwa popanda kuchitapo kanthu, mwachitsanzo, kutentha. Mukasungidwa, mafuta ndi chinyezi mu mtembo zidzakwera pang'onopang'ono, zidzakhala zotentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake imatchedwanso zouma. Sizimatsitsa nsomba zonse, koma ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyama zikwiyitse, zizitsuka, zikhale ndi zokoma komanso zokoma. Ndi bwino kuyanika nsomba, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osakaniza. Ngati sichikulira, ndiye mutenge kapena kugawaniza zigawozo pamtsempha, muthe kudula magalamu 100 pamtunda. Chokoma chabwino ndi nsomba zouma dzuwa, nsomba zina zimasiyananso: vobla, nsalu, capelin, chernozh, bream, roach, ndi zina zotero.

Timaphika nsomba yofiira, gawo lachiwiri

Ngati nsomba zathu ndi zazing'ono, ndiye kuti mcherewo uli ndi mchere wambiri, wouma mofanana. Zimangokhala zomwe mumasowa. Mafuta a viscera ndi mavitamini panthawi yowuma amayamba pang'onopang'ono nyama, ndipo nsomba yokha imakhala yokoma kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti muzichita izi kumapeto kwa masika, mukhoza kugwa pakati pa sing'anga mafuta kapena mafuta a lynx. Koma m'nyengo ya chilimwe sizingakhale bwino kuti tichite zimenezi, chifukwa nsomba za herbivorous zimadya kwambiri zomera, ndipo zimatha kuuma, ndipo tidzakhala ndi kulawa kowawa ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu: salting, kuthamanga, komanso, kuyanika. Tsopano tiyang'ana momwe tingapezere mchere wa nsomba .

Zojambula za pickling

Mukapaka mchere wouma, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri: zouma ndi zamvula (tuzlonny). Mchere wa mchere wothira mchere ndi waung'ono, kulemera kwawo kuli pakati pa 250-500 magalamu. Osasamba, sulapo ndi thaulo, nthawizonse youma. Mchere wa pickling umangogaya zokha, chifukwa cholinga chake ndicho kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera ku nkhosa yamphongo. Idyani makamaka makamaka kuti musamangire, chifukwa ili ndi kukoma kokoma. Pankhaniyi, mchere waukulu umatuluka pang'onopang'ono ndipo umatulutsa zambiri, umatenga chinyezi. Amatsanulira pansi pa pakhosi, miphika kapena ndowa za enamel. Taran (mtundu wa nsomba) timaika mochuluka momwe tingathere manambala ochulukirapo: ku mchira - mutu, m'mimba - kumbuyo, ndipo zidzakhala bwino kwambiri motere: pamtunda tidzasiya msana. Mwa njira imeneyi kuponderezana kudzachita bwino. Ndikofunika kuti saline mzere uliwonse bwino. Onjezerani shuga pang'ono - mwachisomo chapadera. Kuchokera mumphika timene ting'onoting'ono ting'ono timayika pa chivindikiro chapamwamba cha enamel kapena bwalo lamatabwa, ndi kuponderezedwa - pa icho. Nsomba zidzatsanulira brine patapita maola 4-5. Kumbukirani, tinayankhula za brine? Izi ndizo . Kwa nthawi yonse, mpaka mafuta asungunulidwe, ayenera kuikidwa pamalo ozizira kwambiri.

Timapitiriza ntchito ya salting

Nchifukwa chiyani timayika nsomba zathu pamalo ozizira kwambiri? Chifukwa mchere umalowerera pang'onopang'ono kupita ku nyama, ndipo pamene bream sakhala nayo nthawi yowonjezera, imatetezedwa ku chilala. Ngati nsomba zamchere zimakhala pakhomo, mungathe kuzichita m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, firiji kapena pa ayezi. Muzochitika zina, mwachitsanzo, poyendayenda, imayikidwa m'dzenjemo, yomwe idakumbidwa pamalo ozizira, ozizira komanso yokutidwa ndi zipilala kapena nthambi pamwamba kuti ziziteteze ku dzuwa. Kawirikawiri, patapita masiku atatu, kumbuyo kwa nyambo ya moyo kumakhala kolimba, caviar ndi yofiira-chikasu, nyama ndi imvi-mdima. Mu chidebe cha madzi ndi njira ya tuzlnom muyenera kuthetsa mchere wochuluka kwambiri kuti dzira lofiira, loikidwa mu brine, limayandama pamwamba. Tawonani momwe nsomba yatsopano imawonekera ngati nkhosa yamphongo, ikani chithunzicho, tambani zingwe za 6-10 kapena twine ndikuziponya mu msuzi wophika kuti zitsekedwa ndi brine. Zhivets yaying'ono ya masiku awiri kapena atatu mchere. Timatulutsa kuchokera mu chidebecho, titsuke m'madzi kwa mphindi 20-30 ndipo tiyike kuti tiwume.

Kumaliza kukonza phula

Ngati mbuzi yamphongo ikuluikulu, koma mukufuna kufota kwathunthu, muyenera kuthira mchere mumchere musanatumize ku brine. Timachita izi ndi sirinji kapena sirinji ya mphira kudzera pakamwa. Madzi akuluakulu a sturgeon amchere mchere wouma. Kulemera kwake kukuposa kilogalamu imodzi. Ife timadula nsomba iliyonse kumbuyo ndiyeno nkupachikidwa. Mkatimo amachotsedwa, pambuyo pake timapukuta ndi chigoba, chouma. Fukani ndi mchere mkati, koma mosamala, popanda changu. Timayika mitembo m'bokosi la matabwa m'mizere, pamene tilunjika pamimba ndi mamba - kuchokera pamwamba - kutsanulira mchere. Kumalo ozizira kukumba dzenje ndikuyika bokosi mmenemo, ndiye kuphimba ndi filimu ya polyethylene. Bwanamkubwa amatha masiku 4 mpaka asanu, malingana ndi kukula kwa nsomba. Amasankha madzi akeake pakusankha, koma amatha kudutsa mumapangidwe a bokosi. Izi ndi salting wouma.