Ntchito B ndi b Zizindikiro: malamulo, mbali ndi ntchito

Ziribe kanthu momwe kuyesera kutsimikizira ophunzira kuti kudziwa tingaphunzire mu zaka sukulu, iwo adzafunika m'tsogolo, mwatsoka, si. Komabe, zinthu zina zimene zaphunzitsidwa mu sukulu zoona, ntchito pa moyo wamkulu. Mwachitsanzo, luso kulemba molondola. Kuti adziwe, muyenera kudziwa malamulo zofunika chinenero cha Chirasha. Pakati pawo - ndi malamulo kugwiritsa ntchito kulekana B ndi zizindikiro b.

Mwakhama chizindikiro: mbiri ndi ntchito zake mu mawu a

Twente-chitatu kalata ya zilembo Russian, ngakhale kuti sizikutanthauza phokoso mu mawu chigwire ntchito yofunika. правила, регулирующие употребление ъ и ь знаков, стоит немного узнать о ее истории и роли в слове. Choncho, pamaso mufufuza malamulo kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro B ndi b, ayenera amadziwa pang'ono za mbiri yake ndiponso ntchito mu mawu.

Mwakhama chizindikiro analipo m'zinenero Asilavo, pafupifupi mphindi mapangidwe awo. Poyamba anali aafupi za mawu phokoso, mpaka unakhala kalata wosalankhula kuti ntchito mawu kupatukana mu syllables, ndipo adzabweretsa akusowekapo.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. izo unkachitika kuti ntchito kawirikawiri Kommersant mu malemba (4% ya okwana a) siwoyenera, makamaka wanthambo ntchito, kalembedwe ka kulemba ndi kufalitsa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ife asankha kuti achepetse ntchito chizindikiro olimba.

Pambuyo ulimi mu 1917 kalatayi konse linathetsedwa pafupifupi zaka khumi. Monga olekanitsa zaka zimenezo, mu mawu ndi apostrophe lapansi. Komabe, mu 1928 iye anachotsedwa chinenero Russian (koma anakhalabe mu Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi), ndi kugawaniza ake ntchito anatenga chizindikiro imene anaigwira mwakhama amanyamula lero.

Nthawi zina, mawu anaika b

Pankhani ntchito mbale okhwima, pali malamulo angapo a mawu pamaso e, yakumadzulo, e, i:

• Pambuyo prefixes kuti kutha mu zilembo: cholumikizira, predyubileyny.
• Kumbali ya adabuluka zilankhulo zina, ndi prefixes ab-, zopindulitsa, diz-, zosasintha, imeneyi, ndende, ndipo ob- boma: adjuvant disjunction.
• Pambuyo kauntala ya, poto, wapamwamba, trans ndi feld-: panevropeizm, superyacht.
• mawu pawiri kuyambira ndi lupanga, three- anayi wapawiri-pachimake, atatu mlingo, chetyrehyazychny.

Pali ena kuchotserapo, pamene b si pa mphambano ya prefixes ndi mizu, ndi mawuwa. manauni zikuphatikizapo mthenga ndi chilema.

Pamene b osaika

Komanso malamulo zoyendetsera ntchito zizindikiro B ndi b, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira ndi nthawi imene iwo safuna kuti apereke:

• Mwakhama chizindikiro si liwu ndi manambala oyambirira kutha mu kalata consonant, pamene, pambuyo anatsatira mavawelo ndi inu, u, Y, e, S: wopambana, naleka.
• Musamakhulupirire chizindikiro mu mawu a slozhnosokraschennyh: inyaz, glavyuvelirtorg.
• Musamakhulupirire mu mphatso, kulemba ndi hyphen ndi: theka la chigawocho, theka apulo.

Poganizira malamulo kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro B ndi b, akuchita kugawira ntchito mawu, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti chizindikiro "zamkati 'ndi" kalaliki "olembedwa kudutsa chizindikiro zofewa. kulemba amenewa yotero, monga mwa mawu "zamkati 'Inter - osati ndi manambala oyambirira, monga mbali ya muzu. Ndipo mu "mlembi" manambala oyambirira si Sub, ndipo po- ndi -dyach - ndi mizu.

Kodi chizindikiro zofewa

Koma b, izo zimatanthauza kalelo lalifupi za mawu [u], koma pang'onopang'ono, monga Kommersant wataya tanthauzo lake.

Choncho anapitiriza luso [ndi] tipereke softness yapitayi consonant.

Mosiyana ndi olimba chizindikiro, zofewa mawu akhoza ntchito atatu.

• Kugawa.
• Imatiuza yapitayi phokoso zofewa.
• Posonyeza mitundu ina kalembedwe.

Terms of ntchito chizindikiro zofewa

, регулирующие употребление ъ и ь знаков , стоит усвоить несколько правил: Kuphunzira malamulo a chinenero cha Chirasha zoyendetsera ntchito zizindikiro B ndi b, ayenera kuphunzira malamulo ochepa:

• chizindikiro zofewa, akuchita ntchito olekanitsa, konse pambuyo manambala oyambirira a (kuti ndi zambiri chizindikiro olimba). Mbali ya mawu, imene kulekana m kwalembedwa - ndi mizu suffix ndi kudzathera e, e, yakumadzulo, N: nyani, mkati. ulamuliro imeneyi imagwira ntchito chinenero onse Russian, ndipo pa mawu anaitenga ku zinenero zina.
• Kupatuka m anaika mawu ena akalibe kuphatikiza makalata: bowa, medallion, katundu ndi miliyoni.

Ngati kumene m kudziwitsa za softness cha phokoso m'mbuyomu, ndipo sachita kugawaniza ntchito, limalowera anatsimikiza ndi malamulo otsatirawa:

• Pakati pa mawu m limasonyeza softness makalata L, ngati yoyamba wina consonant ena kuposa L: Tom chala, pempho. Komanso, "osati wedged" zofewa chizindikiro osakaniza makalata: LF HM, HH, madzulo, Cheka, CHN, RF, schn (drummer, kandulo).
• Pakati pa chizindikiro mawu aikidwa pakati pa zofewa ndi zovuta zilembo: chonde kwambiri.
• Pakati pa mawu m ndikhoza kuima pakati pa zilembo ziwiri zofewa. Malinga choyamba ndi mtundu ofatsa a mawu ndi kusinthaku, ndipo chachiwiri - afika kuuma: pempho - kupempha kalata - kalata ananena.
• Nthawi zina, chizindikiro ili kumapeto kwa mawu patapita consonant. Pa nthawi yomweyo bwino anapereka mtengo wa mphatso za: fulakesi (mbewu) - ulesi (khalidwe khalidwe), con (malo uliwonse mu masewera) - kavalo (nyama).

Monga pentopeni kwa ena mitundu kalembedwe wa khalidwe ntchito Zikatero:

• The adjectives kuti chikanachitika kwa maina a miyezi (kupatula January): February, September.
• Kumapeto kwa mawerengero a pakati pa 5 ndi 30, ndipo pakati pawo, pamene iwo tisonyezeni makumi 50 80 mazana kuchokera 500 mpaka 900: asanu, makumi atatu.
• Mu kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kuyesetsa (kupatula bodza - pogona): Chotsani - tinyamuke, kutaya - kuponya.
• Mu infinitive (koyamba anawagwiritsa) akupanga kukula.
• Nthawi zonse mawu akuti "zisanu ndi zitatu" ndi malangizo nkhani zochuluka. chiwerengero cha mawerengero munthu ndi manauni: sikisi, zikoti.

Ntchito s ndipo b decimal sizzling ga, H, yakumadzulo, yakumadzulo

Zotsatirazi makalata amenewa, chizindikiro zofewa n'zotheka ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kumapeto kwa adverbs kwambiri ndi tinthu, kupatulapo: kwambiri, kwambiri, mumamva, wokwatiwa ndi pakati anawagwiritsira lapansi.
• The infinitive: kusunga, kuphika.
• Mu mneni kuyesetsa: chopaka, n'zolimbikitsa.
• The mmodzi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mathero II munthu wa m'tsogolo ndiponso pano: kugulitsa, raznesesh.
• Kumapeto kwa manauni nominative Chabwino. mtundu, mu declension III: wamkazi mphamvu. Yerekezerani, mu mamita mtundu -. Lira, broadsword.

Nthawi zina, m si ntchito pambuyo makalata awa:

• Mu nauni declension II: hangman, chidude.
• The yochepa mawonekedwe adjectives: atsopano, otentha.
• The genitive mochulukitsa manauni: puddles, mitambo.

Mwakhama chizindikiro pambuyo Chabwino, yakumadzulo, H, u, pa mapeto a mawu kapena muzu wake suzima ndi "malo" wake nthawi zonse patapita manambala oyambirira pamaso e, e, yakumadzulo, i.

Ntchito s ndipo b Zizindikiro: Ntchitoyi

Atalingaliranso milandu onse atakhala mwakhama ndi zizindikiro zofewa, ayenera kupita maseŵerowo. Kuti asasokonezeke, sitinatenga pamodzi ambiri malamulo pamwamba zoyendetsera ntchito zizindikiro B ndi b. Gome pansipa, adzatumikira monga yankho ntchito.

N'zachidziwikire ichi, muyenera kusankha makalata ayenera kufotokoza.

ntchito za kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro zofewa, zotsatirazi makalata ukali. Iwo ayenera kutsegula m'mabokosi ndi kumene inu mukufuna - kuika chizindikiro zofewa.

Mu ntchito otsiriza, muyenera kulemba mfundo zimene zili 2 mizati. Choyamba - amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito b, lachiwiri - iwo popanda izo.

Ngakhale kuti zovuta, ndipo zofewa zizindikiro ndi "chete" makalata, iwo amagwira ntchito zofunika chinenero cha Chirasha. Mukhoza kupanga zambiri kulakwitsa mu mawu ake olembedwa, ngati simukudziwa malamulo galamala zoyendetsera ntchito zizindikiro B ndi b. Childs kuposa munthu adzakhala ndi kuphunzira kusokonezedwa, zizindikiro zina za adzaikidwe pa nkhani ina. Komabe, n'kofunika zedi, makamaka pa nkhani ya chizindikiro zofewa, kuyambira nthawi zambiri yekha pamaso ake amathandiza kudziwa tanthauzo lexical mawu.