Nyumba ya Tsarskaya - nsanja yaing'ono kwambiri ku Moscow Kremlin

Chitsulo choyamba cha oak pa phiri la Borovitsky pamtunda wa Mtsinje wa Moskva chinawonekera m'nthawi ya Ivan Kalita. Grand Duke nthawi zonse ankamenyana ndi akalonga opandukira a Tver, ndipo anasamukira ku Moscow n'kuyamba kulamulira mzinda wa Vladimir ndipo anamanga mipanda yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Makoma a chitetezocho anakhazikitsidwa ndi akalipentala odziwa zambiri ku Moscow a mitengo ya mtengo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ndiye iwo anamutcha iye Kremlin. Chiyambi cha dzinali sichidziwika. Pali lingaliro lakuti "kremlen" amatchedwa nkhalango. Amagwirizanitsa mawuwa ndi mwala wamwala, komanso ndi mawu achigriki akuti "krimnos", omwe amatanthauza kutalika kwa nyanja. Izi zinachokera ku Byzantine Greeks, omwe nthawi zambiri ankafika ku Moscow.

Mwala wa Kremlin

Anamangidwa kuchokera kwa mdzukulu woyera wamwala wa Moscow Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, Moscow yadziwika kuti White Stone. Kwa amishonale a Horde, anatsegulidwa, popeza Dmitri Ivanovich, nthawi ndi nthaŵi, anabwezeredwa ndi a Tatars. Koma kwa oyandikana nawo pafupi, Mzinda wa Kremlin unakhala malo otetezeka. Iyo inamangidwa mofulumira kwambiri. Mu chaka chokha. Iwo unakhala waukulu mmadera kuposa mtengo umodzi, umene unapsereza kwambiri pambuyo pa moto wambiri ndipo unali wofanana ndi gawo lamakono. Kupyolera mu nsanja zitatu zakummawa (Spassky, kapena, monga momwe nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwira, Frolovskaya, kale), regiments inkayenda pa Nepryadva. M'kati mwake, pafupifupi nyumba zonse, kuphatikizapo zipinda zamkati, anali matabwa. Mpaka pano, makoma amphamvu awa sanafike, okonzedwa kuti atsimikizire ukulu wa mfundo za Moscow.

Ntchito ya ku Italy

Pansi pa Ivan III, ntchito yomanga nyumba ya Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa, yomwe takhala tikuyamikira kwa zaka mazana asanu. Pafupi ndi akachisi, sitidzayankhula, koma tidzaima pamakoma ndi nsanja za Kremlin . Poyamba, makoma akale ndi nsanja zidasweka, ndipo kenako anakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku njerwa zofiira. Ntchito yawo yomanga inatenga pafupifupi zaka khumi. Kutalika kwa makoma kunkafika mamita asanu mpaka asanu ndi anayi, ndi m'lifupi - kuchokera pa zitatu ndi theka kufika pa mamita asanu ndi limodzi ndi theka. Iwo akadali ozunguliridwa ndi nkhondo, mwinamwake chisamaliro. Ali ndi mapeto okongola, omwe amatchedwa swallowtail. Onse a iwo akuwerengedwa - iwo ali chikwi chimodzi makumi anayi ndi zisanu. Poyamba, nsanja zisanu ndi zinayi zinamangidwa. Mwa izi, kuzungulira katatu kunaima pamakona a chitatu, chomwe chiri Kremlin. Chipata cholowera cholowera chinadutsa pansi pa nsanja ya Spasskaya (Frolovskaya). Apa kunali koyenera kuchotsa wokwerayo, ndi kutenga chipewa kwa alendo aliyense. Konse, chipata chinali chinayi.

Nthano yakale

Pambuyo pa Spassky Tower, yomwe ikuyang'ana pa Red Square, iye anasankha malo mu nsanja yaing'ono yamatabwa, Terrible Tsar. Mwachinsinsi, iye ankakonda, monga nkhani yofotokozera ikufotokozera, kuyang'ana maphunziro a Muscovites ndi zochitika za dziko lonse. Kuchokera kumeneko iye adathanso kuona malo apambali.

Tsar's Tower ya Moscow Kremlin

Kremlin yonseyo inamangidwa pakati pa 1482 ndi 1495. Ndipo Nsanja ya Tsarskaya samawoneka ngati nsanja konse. Nyumba yokongolayi, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1680 pomwe, malinga ndi nthano, Ivan IV anali atakhala. Chifukwa adatchulidwa kuti - Tsar's Tower ya Moscow Kremlin. Zilibe kanthu ndi nsanja zonse, zazikulu komanso zofunikira kutetezedwa. Zina mwa izo, zikuoneka ngati "chidole" ndi kuyang'ana kokongola kwambiri. Nsanja ya Tsarskaya ili ndi gawo loyamba, laling'ono, lopangidwira kuyenda pamtambo. Wachiwiri-mpweya - umayamba ndi zipilala zinayi zamwala. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe a vase ndipo ali okongoletsedwa ndi malamba awiri oyera. Iwo amathandizidwa ndi denga lobiriwira lamtendere, nkhope zisanu ndi zitatu, zomwe zimatsirizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito weathervane. Nsanja ya Tsarskaya ndi yokongola kwambiri. Pamwamba pa zipilalazo pali mapiramidi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi mabaibulo. Mzere wachiwiri ndi nsanja yomwe iwe unakwera kuti ugulire belu ngati muli moto. Inde, Tsar's Tower anali atakhala ndi belu la Spassky. Mzindawu umamangidwa pakhoma lakummawa pakati pa Spasskaya ndi nsanja za Nabatnaya. Ambiri amakonda: "Tsar's Tower - ndi koloko?" Monga mukuonera pa chithunzi chili m'munsimu, ayi. Nthawi yotchedwa Tsar's Tower sinakhazikitsidwe. Palibe pano tsopano. Iwo anawonekera mu 1585 pa zitseko zina zitatu za Kremlin. Mwachidule pali Tsarskaja pafupi ndi Spassky ataima pafupi. Ndiko kuti ma chimes otchuka amapangidwa, omwe anapangidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Zolinga za belfry zinayambitsa mawonekedwe a nyimbo, yomwe koloko imapanga mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Kutalika kwa Tsar's Tower sikufika ngakhale mamita 17. Yerekezerani ndi Vodovzvodnaya - ndi kutalika kwake kupitirira mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi.

Kuyendera Kremlin

Alendo ayenera kugula tikiti ya chiwonetsero chaching'ono kapena malo osungirako zinthu zakale. Izi zimapereka ufulu wolowera ku Kremlin kudzera mu Borovitsky kapena Trinity Gates. Kwa ophunzira ndi okalamba, ndimeyi ndi yaulere pamene ikupezeka ndi chikalata. Ngati mukufuna kupita kumatchalitchi, ndiye kuti mugule tikiti yowonjezera. Kuti mupite ku Bell Tower (kutalika kwa mamita 81), kuti muyang'ane malo oyandikana nawo kuchokera mamita makumi awiri mphambu asanu, mufunikanso tikiti ndi ... mphamvu zina. Kuwonjezeka kumachitika pa masitepe 137. Muscovites nthawi zonse amathamangitsidwa ku Kremlin ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale nthawi zambiri, ndipo alendo omwe ali mumzindawu amadziwa bwino.