Otsiriza Russian Tsarina Alexandra Romanova

Mfumukazi Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova ... umunthu wake mu mbiri Russian ndi osokoneza. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi mkazi wachikondi, mayi, ndi pa zina - wamkazi wa mfumu, m'mbali osati anatengera anthu Russian. A zambiri masamu ndi zinsinsi kugwirizana ndi Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy: amakopeka ake ndi zongoganiza - pa dzanja limodzi ndi chikhulupiriro chozama - winayo. Akatswiri amanena kuti udindo wake kwa tsoka zomvetsa chisoni nyumba lachifumu. limasokoneza Kodi sitolo Wambiri Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova? ntchito zake za tsogolo la dziko lapansi n'chiyani? Ife m'nkhani.

ubwana

Aleksandra Fedorovna Romanova anabadwa June 7, 1872. Makolo a tsogolo Russian mfumukazi anali Grand Duke wa Hesse-Darmstadt Ludwig ndi British Mfumukazi Alice. Mtsikanayo anali mdzukulu wa Mfumukazi Victoria, ndi chibwenzicho mbali yofunika youmba khalidwe la Alexandra.
dzina wonse - Victoria Aliks Elena Louise Beatrice (polemekeza azakhali anga). Kuwonjezera Alix (otchedwa mbadwa mtsikana), mu banja Duke anali ndi ana asanu.

Alexander (Romanov nthawi imodzi) analandira chakale maphunziro English, izo analeredwa miyambo kwambiri za nyengo zamunthawi ya Victoria. Kudzichepetsa zinali paliponse: tsiku ndi tsiku, chakudya, zovala. Ngakhale ana tinkagona bunks wa asilikali. Kale pa nthawi mtsikana kunachokera manyazi moyo wanga wonse iye asamenyana ndi tushevaniem zachilengedwe ndi anthu achilendo. Kunyumba, Alix sankadziwa: anzeru, zachimwemwe, iye anali dzina chachiwiri - "dzuwa."

Koma ubwana sizinali choncho wopanda mitambo, poyamba chifukwa cha ngozi anapha m'bale, ndiye diphtheria kufa mlongo wamng'ono Mae, ndi Mfumukazi Alice - mayi Alix. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti chaka asanu msungwana wakale pa yokha, anakhala osadziwa.

achinyamata

Atamwalira amake, malinga ambiri Alexandra, pa iwo anapachika mtambo wakuda, nuwaphimba onse ubwana dzuwa. Iwo anatumiza kwa England agogo ake - ndi kulamulira Mfumukazi Victoria. Mwachibadwa, zochitika boma mundilanda otsiriza nthawi zonse, kotero maphunziro a ana wapatsidwa kwa aboma a. Kenako kale Mfumukazi Alexandra sadzaiwala mfundo zimene ali mnyamata.

Margaret Jackson - linali dzina la mphunzitsi ndi mphunzitsi wake - osasunthika kulekana mosapita m'mbali makhalidwe zamunthawi ya Victoria, anaphunzitsa msungwana kuganiza, tilingalire, kukhazikitsa mawu maganizo awo. maphunziro chakale sanalembemo chitukuko mabuku, koma ndi tsogolo lakhumi Mfumukazi Alexandra Romanova odziwa ndale, mbiri, mwangwiro ankaimba nyimbo, ndipo ankadziwa zilankhulo zambiri yachilendo.

Zinali unyamata wake, mu m'badwo wa khumi ndi awiriwo, Alix koyamba mwamuna wake watsogolo Nikolai. Izo zinachitika pa ukwati wa mchemwali wake ndi Grand Duke Sergio. Patatha zaka zitatu, pa kuyitana kwa otsiriza, izo kachiwiri adza kwa Russia. Nicholas ankamvera mtsikana.

Ukwati Nikolai II

Makolo Nicholas sanali kwambiri ndi mgwirizano wa achinyamata - yopindulitsa kwambiri, mu maganizo awo, anali ukwati wake ndi mwana wa French Chiwerengero Louis-Philippe. Pakuti okonda anayamba zaka zisanu yaitali olekanitsa, koma mfundo imeneyi kwambiri pamodzi ndi kuphunzira kuzindikira mmene mukumvera.

Osati Nicholas safuna kuvomereza chifuniro cha atate wake, Iye anapitiriza kunena pa ukwati wake wokondedwa. Mfumu panopa Alexander III chiyenera kupereka njira: amakondera akuyandikira matenda, ndi wolowa nyumba ayenera kukhala phwando. Koma apa Alix analandira dzina coronation Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova, linakumana ndi mavuto aakulu: izo zimayenera kutenga tchuthi ziphunzitso ndi Lutheran. Anaphunzira maziko a zaka ziwiri, pambuyo umene wotembenuka chikhulupiriro Russian. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Alexander anabwera Orthodoxy ndi mtima wotseguka ndi malingaliro oyera.

Young ukwati zinachitika November 27, 1894, iye kachiwiri, yotengekatengeka Ioann Kronshtadsky. Inachitika mu chinsinsi cha Mpingo wa Zima Palace. Chilichonse chimachitika pa maziko a maliro, patapita masiku 3 pambuyo Alix posachedwa akadzafera mu Russia, Alexander III (ambiri amanena ndiye kuti iye "anabwera bokosi"). Alexander taonera kalata mlongo wake chidwi kusiyana chisoni ndi chigonjetso chachikulu - izo anakwatitsa zingapo. Chirichonse, ngakhale anthu odana a m'banja lachifumu, anaona kenako mgwirizano mphamvu ndi mphamvu Alexandra ndi Nicholas II.

Madalitso a angapo wamng'ono pa bolodi (coronation) unachitikira pa May 27, 1896 pa Akukwera Cathedral wa Moscow. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Aliks- "dzuwa" chapeza mutu wa Mfumukazi Alexandra Feodorovna, Mfumukazi Romanov. Kenako taonera mu zolemba zake kuti anali ukwati chachiwiri - ndi Russia.

Ikani pa bwalo ndi moyo andale

Kuchokera tsiku loyamba la ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Alexandra Feodorovna - akundithandiza ndi kuthandiza mwamuna wake zinthu zake amakhumudwa boma.

Mu moyo wapoyera, mtsikana kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa anthu chikondi, chifukwa chosakanikirana ana kwa makolo. Mwatsoka, pa bwalo la malingaliro ake amene anatengedwa Komanso Mfumukazi naye. Mu maganizo ake onse ndipo ngakhale otsanzira bwalo anawona Bodza ndi unnaturalness. Komano Kungoti anazolowera idleness ndipo sanafune kusintha chilichonse.

Kumene, monga mkazi aliyense, ndi mkazi wake, Alexandra Romanov zinayamba kugwira ntchito boma mkazi.

Ambiri otchuka azandale a nthawi ananena kuti anali kungasokoneze Nicholas. Kuti ankaona Mwachitsanzo, S. Witte. Chidziwitso General A. Mosolov ndi Kazembe Gurko chisoni kulephera kwa anthu ake Russian. Yotsirizira mlandu osati capricious chikhalidwe ndi ena mantha panopa mfumukazi ndi mkazi wamasiye wa Alexander III wa, Mariyu Fedorovnu, mpaka kumapeto ndipo sanadye wamkazi.

Komabe, nkhani zonena zake, osati chifukwa cha mantha koma ulemu. Inde, iye anali okhwima, koma monga iye anali, ndi kulemekeza yokha. Alix ali losaiwalika amapempha ndi malangizo, aliyense wa iwo anali bwino ankaona ndi moyenera. Modzipereka akhanfuna, amene anali pafupi ndi Mfumukazi, sadadziwa mphekesera, ndipo kwambiri munthu. Nkhani zina Mfumukazi anakhalabe "mdima kavalo" ndi nkhani ya miseche.

Anali ndemanga ofunda kwambiri za Alexander. Choncho, ballerina M. Kshesinskaya (by njira, iye anali mbuye wa Nicholas ku ukwati wa yotsirizira ndi Alix) anatchula wake monga mkazi wa makhalidwe okwezeka ndi moyo ambiri.

Ana: Grand Duchesses

Choyamba Grand Duchess Olga wobadwa 1895. Anthu zikuwanyansa kwa Mfumukazi anakula kwambiri, chifukwa aliyense anali kuyembekezera mnyamatayo, wolowa. Alexander, kupeza salabadira ndi kuthandiza amayesetsa awo mu nkhani kwathunthu delves mu banja, ngakhalenso kudyetsa mwana wamkazi wa iwo wokha, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito misonkhano ya munthu wina amene sanali lililonse ngakhale mabanja wolemekezeka, osati mochuluka Mfumukazi.

Kenako anabadwa Tatiana, Maria ndi Anastasia. Nikolay Aleksandrovich ndi Alexandra anali ndi ana mu kuphweka ndi chiyero cha mzimu. Zinali banja wamba, wopanda kudzikuza iliyonse.

Analeredwa ndi mfumukazi yekha Aleksandra Romanova. Nokha anali nkhani ya cholinga yopapatiza. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa masewera masewera panja, kudzipereka. Mayi anga anali munthu amene msungwana akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ina iliyonse ndi pempho lililonse. Iwo ankakhala mu chikhalidwe cha chikondi ndi kukhulupirira ndi mtima wonse. Zinali osangalala mwamtheradi, banja oona mtima.

Atsikana chakula chikhalidwe cha kudekha ndi kukoma mtima. Mayi yekha anawalamula kulipira kuti adziteteze kuposa zimabwezera asamalire kudzichepetsa ndi kudzisunga. Iwo kawirikawiri nawo zochitika zosangalatsa. kulowa awo ku anthu anali ochepa okha zofunika za bwalo zodyera. Alexandra Feodorovna, mkazi wa Nicholas 2, mantha kuti zisawonongeke mwana wamkazi wa otchuka ndi kusokoneza atsikana.

Ndi ntchito ya mayi Alexandra kupirira kwakukuru. The Grand Duchesses anakula modabwitsa wangwiro, wodzipereka madona aang'ono. Banja lonse analamulira mzimu zodabwitsa kukongola Mkhristu. Iwo taonera zolemba zawo ndi Nicholas II, amene ndi Aleksandra Romanova. Anagwiranso pansipa, koma kukhulupirira mfundo pamwamba:

"Chikondi chathu ndi moyo wathu - wonse ... Palibe chimene zokwanira kapena kuchepa chikondi chathu" (Alexandra).

"A osowa chimwemwe m'banja Ambuye anatidalitsa ife" (Mfumu Nicholas II).

Kubadwa kwa wolowa nyumba

Chinthu chokha chimene aonongeka moyo wa akazi a, - chosowa wolowa nyumba. Pa nthawiyi, Aleksandra Romanova anada nkhawa kwambili. Masiku amenewo, iye anachita mantha kwambiri. Mu kuyesetsa kumvetsa chifukwa ndi vutolo, Mfumukazi akuyamba kuchita zongoganiza ndi zambiri kumenya mu chipembedzo. Zimenezi zimaonekera mwamuna wake, Nicholas II, ndi chifukwa akuona kuti kusauka kwa maganizo mkaziyo amamukonda.

Anaganiza kuti zikope madokotala abwino. Mwatsoka, pakati pawo idagwa kathyali weniweni, Philippe. Yafika ku France, iye anali anauzira ganizo Mfumukazi ya mimba, kuti iye amakhulupirira zimene ndiye wolowa nyumba. Alexandra Feodorovna anali ndi matenda osowa kwambiri - ndi "mimba zachabe." Pamene zinadziwika kuti m'mimba mwa mfumukazi Russian limakula mchikakamizo cha boma psycho-maganizo, ine ndinali kupanga kulengeza boma kuti m'malo adzakhala. Philip ignominiously anathamangitsidwa m'dziko lapansi.

Patapita kanthawi, Alix akadali conceives n'kubereka 12 August 1904 mnyamata - Tsesarevicha Alekseya. Koma ine sanapeze chimwemwe yaitali Aleksandra Romanova. Wambiri amanena kuti moyo Mfumukazi ku mfundo iyi pa amakhala movutika. chakuti mnyamatayo anapeza matenda osowa - amapatsira mwana wake. Ndi matenda otengera, yomwe ikuchitika ndi mkazi. Kwenikweni wake ndi magazi si aumirira. Munthu atanganidwa ndi kupweteka m'thupi ndi khunyu. Wotchuka wonyamula amapatsira mwana wake jini anali Koroleva Viktoriya, dzina agogo Europe. Pachifukwa chimenechi, matenda walandira dzina chonchi: "zamunthawi ya Victoria matenda" ndi "matenda achifumu". Mu chisamaliro yabwino kulowa akanakhoza kufika pazipita zaka 30, pafupifupi odwala kawirikawiri kuthetsa zaka chotchinga cha zaka 16.

Rasputin mu moyo wa Mfumukazi

Mu ena amanena mungapeze mfundo zimene zingathandize Tsarevich Alexei munthu m'modzi yekha - Grigory Rasputin. Ngakhale matenda imatengedwa aakulu ndi wosachiritsika, pali umboni ndithu kuti "munthu wa Mulungu" ndi mapemphero ake akhoza mwaumbanda kuletsa ana kuti azivutika osauka. N'chifukwa chiyani ichi - zovuta kunena. Tikumbukenso kuti matenda Korona Prince ndi boma chinsinsi. Ndizachidziwikire, monga momwe kudalira uncouth wamba Tobolsk lachifumu banja.

Okhudza Rasputin ndi Mfumukazi olembedwa kwambiri: ena lingaliro kwa iye udindo wa mpulumutsi wa wolowa nyumba, winayo - chibwenzi ndi Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy. zoyambitsidwa Recent ali sanatsatire - chigololo Mfumukazi ndiye anthu ankadziwa za chinyengo Mfumukazi Nicholas II ndi Gregory mphekesera. Ndipotu iye anauza munthu wachikulire za izo, koma ndiye iye anali wokongola aledzera, kotero iye akanakhoza maganizo mosavuta chabe. miseche A safuna zambiri kubadwa. Malinga ndi mabwenzi apamtima, wosada banja lachifumu, chifukwa chachikulu naye pafupi Rasputin ndi banja mfumu mwapadera akuukira Alexei amapatsira mwana wake.

Ndipo mmene nkhawa Nikolay Aleksandrovich kuti mphekesera, denigrating bwino dzina la mkazi wake? Iye ankaganiza kuti zonsezi ndi nkhambakamwa chabe zopeka ndi zosayenera kulowelera mu zinsinsi za m'banja. Rasputin yekha monga Mfumu ankaona "yosavuta Russian munthu, achipembedzo kwambiri ndi wokhulupirika."

Imathamanga chinthu chimodzi: m'banja lachifumu nacho kwa Gregory kwambiri chisoni. Iwo anali m'gulu la anthu ochepa amene moona maliro pambuyo kupha mwamuna wokalamba.

Romanova panthawi ya nkhondo

The First World nkhondo yokakamiza Nicholas II kuti achoke St. Petersburg ku GHQ. boma anatenga pa chisamaliro cha Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova. Kulipira mwapadera kuti Mfumukazi ya chikondi. Nkhondo amaona ngati ndi mavuto enaake: modzipereka chisoni, powona asirikali kutsogolo, ndipo anamulira akufa. Iwo anawerenga pemphero pa aliyense manda atsopano a msirikali wina wakugwa, monga ngati iye anali wachibale wake. Tikhoza kunena kuti dzina laudindo lakuti "Woyera" Aleksandra Romanova alandira kale pa moyo wake. Iyi ndi nthawi pamene Alix kwambiri Ufumuyo Orthodoxy.

Zingatanthauze kuti mphekesera kuti poutihnut: dziko akuvutika ndi nkhondo. Konse, iwo achuluka zachiwawa. Mwachitsanzo, mlandu akamakonda zamizimu. Iwo sakanakhoza mwina kukhala zoona, chifukwa ngakhale ndiye Mfumukazi anali munthu kwambiri achipembedzo, kukana ena onse m'dzikoli.

Mapemphero kuthandiza dziko sunali mu nthawi ya nkhondo. Pamodzi ndi ana ake Alexandra wakhala katswiri luso anamwino: iwo anayamba kugwira ntchito ku chipatala, kuthandiza madokotala (anathandiza maopareshoni), ikuchitika mtundu uliwonse wa kusamalira ovulala. Tsiku lililonse, pa hafu pasiti naini m'mawa anayamba kutumikira pamodzi ndi namwino wina ankakonza miyendo Mfumukazi udulidwe, zovala zonyansa, mabandeji mabala, kuphatikizapo gangrenous. Zinali zachilendo oimira otchuka ndi apamwamba: iwo anasonkhana zopereka kutsogolo, zipatala anapita, mabungwe zachipatala anatsegula. Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo ntchito mu chipinda cha opareshoni, monga anachitira Mfumukazi. Ndipo zonsezi ngakhale kuti iye anavutika ndi mavuto okha ndi kuchepetsa maganizo mantha ndi kubadwa pafupipafupi.

zachifumu Royal anatembenuka mu zipatala, Alexandra panokha anapanga sitima kuchipatala ndi malo mankhwala. Iye analumbira kuti ngati pali nkhondo, mkazi ngakhalenso Grand Duchesses osati kusoka ndekha diresi umodzi. Ndipo mpaka mapeto amakwaniritsa mawu ake.

Mbali yauzimu ya Aleksandry Romanovoy

Ndi kwambiri achipembedzo Alexandra Romanova? Photos ndi zithunzi za Mfumukazi, zilipo, kusonyeza nthawi zonse maso achisoni kwa mkazi uyu, iwo ofuna ena chisoni. Ngakhale mnyamata ndi kudzipereka wonse anatenga chikhulupiriro Orthodox, kusiya Lutheran, amene anakulira choonadi kuyambira ali mwana.

zodabwitsa moyo kupanga izo kwambiri Mulungu, nthawi zambiri ukuchoka pemphero pamene akuyesa pakati mnyamata, ndiye - akapeza za matendawo amapha mwa mwana wake. Ndipo panthawi ya nkhondo, iye mwaphuma kupempherera asirikali, molasidwa ndi anthu amene anamwalira chifukwa kwawo. Tsiku lililonse pamaso pa utumiki wake kuchipatala Alexandra amaganiziranso nthawi mapemphero. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, mu Tsar yachifumu ngakhale ali chipinda chapadera pemphero.

Komabe, utumiki wake kwa Mulungu sanali kokha mwakhama pembedzero: Mfumukazi inachitikira moona zikuluzikulu chikondi. Iye anakonza kunyumba ana, unamwino kunyumba, zipatala zambiri. Iye anapeza nthawi mdzakazi wake wa ulemu, atasiya kuyenda: ndinalankhula kwa iye za Mulungu, kutsogolera wauzimu ndi kuthandiza tsiku lililonse.

Alexandra anali asanawerengepo anasonyeza chikhulupiriro chake pa chiwonetsero, makamaka kuyendayenda dziko iye anapita ku matchalitchi ndiponso zipatala anali incognito. Iye mosavuta kuphatikiza ndi khamu la okhulupirira, chifukwa zochita zake zinali zachilengedwe, izo zinali pa mtima. Chipembedzo Alexandra kukhala zaumwini. Ambiri mwa bwalo anayesa kupeza Mfumukazi zolemba za chinyengo, koma sadathe.

Chomwechonso mwamuna wake, Nicholas II. Iwo amamukonda Mulungu ndi mtima wako onse, ndi Russia, kodi mukuganiza moyo wina kunja kwa Russia. Iwo sanali kusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu amene alibe lembani mzere pakati pa Noble ndi anthu wamba. Ambiri Choncho, zikuoneka munthu wabwinobwino Tobolsk, Grigoriy Rasputin, mu nthawi yake kuti "kukwatulidwa" mu banja lachifumu.

Kumangidwa, ukapolo ndi kufera

Malekezero ntchito Alexandra, anaphedwa mu nyumba Ipatiev pamene Banja la mfumu anagwidwa ukapolo pambuyo 1917. Ngakhale nkhope ya akuyandikira imfa, pansi pa muzzles wa kumuwombera yowotcha, mkaziyo chizindikiro cha mtanda.

"Russian Gologota" ananeneratu m'banja lachifumu kangapo, iwo ankakhala nazo moyo wanga wonse, podziwa kuti zonse adzathetsa mavuto kwambiri kwa iwo. Anamvera chifuniro cha Mulungu ndipo motero anagonjetsa magulu oipa. The banja lachifumu anaikidwa m'manda yekha mu 1998.