Park "Hermitage". "Hermitage" - munda. Moscow paki "Hermitage"

Garden "Hermitage" (onani pansipa chithunzi) ndi chipilala cha luso malo. Inkakhala mu mtima wa Moscow. Anthu a likulu kuzindikira zimenezi chilumba wobiriwira chikhalidwe unali pakati pa phokoso ndi misewu wowonongeka m'mabwalo. Pali kuyenda achitsikana ndi strollers, okonda kukumana ndi kupanga gule mabanja.

Mwasankha holide anu kopita paki "Hermitage"? Kodi kuchikwaniritsa? Kuyenera ofalitsidwa kukumbukira kuti lili kutali msewu otha zino ndi malo okwerera sitima "Chekhov" ndi "Pushkinskaya".

Nkhani ya

"Hermitage" Park anali woyamba minda zosangalatsa Moscow. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 1830 mu masiku akale inali m'munda si pamalo pano, ndipo Bozhedomka. Park "Hermitage" ndinapereka misonkhano ya alendo khofi ndi pergolas, pavilions ndi zisudzo. Pachimake cha kutchuka kwake iye anakwaniritsa zaka zimenezo pamene wokwatibwa ndi munthu wina wodziwa bizinesi odziwika Mikhail Lentovsky.

M'mbuyomu anali wosewera wa Maly Theatre. M'munda zoti siketing'i pa dziwe mu ngalawa, makombola madzi, perete a magulu ankhondo ndi zinthu zina zosangalatsa. Paki "Hermitage" chinaima osati onse okhala Moscow, komanso alendo odzacheza likulu.

Pambuyo Lentovsky imawonongeka malo awa pang'onopang'ono kulowa ziyambe kukonzedwa. Chinachake Patapita m'dera munda linamangidwa nyumba.

Park "Hermitage" ali kubadwa kwake kwachiwiri mu 1894 pamene Moscow wamalonda YV Shchukin anagulidwa Nyumbayi ili nambala mphunzitsi. Basi pa chaka anapezerapo m'dera inasanduka munda ukufalikira. A zambiri wopanda adakhala wothyoledwa mabedi, mlathowu inali ndi anabzala ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo. M'munda iyawonekambo zisudzo nyumbayi.

zochitika za chikhalidwe

Paki "Hermitage" 5/26/1896, panali chochitika chapadera. Pa tsiku ili, kuti kunalinso gawo anthu amaziona m'mafilimu Lumiere abale. Patapita zaka ziwiri, bwaloli linatsegulidwa pabwalopo, zimene atsogoleri awo V. Nemirovich-Danchenko ndi KS Stanislavsky. 26.10.1898 ya kuyamba ankachitika ndi iwo pansi pa dzina "Mfumu ya Fyodor Ivanovich." Pa siteji yomweyo wa Moscow Art Theatre ankaimba masewero poyera monga "Amalume Vanya" ndi "The mbalameyi" AP Chekhov.

ambiri otchuka anali mu zisudzo "Hermitage" paki. Pakati pawo, Fi Chaliapin ndi sv Rachmaninoff, Anna Pavlova ndi Sara Bernar, Ernesto Rossi ndi ena.

"Hermitage" - munda umene Shchukin nyumba yotentha wakhala akumangidwa Galasi Theatre. Mtsogolo anakonza yomanga nyumba yatsopano. Iwo anali yozizira zisudzo, kuti oonera mpaka chikwi. Komabe, kukhazikitsa ndondomeko chinalepheretsa First World nkhondo.

M'nyengo ya Soviet

Pambuyo 1917, "Hermitage" paki anali nationalized. Chinachake kenako, mu nthawi ya NEP, izo wadutsa mu yobwereka payekha.

Mu 1924, nyumbayi, yomwe ili "Hermitage" paki chinaperekedwa kwa zisudzo wa Moscow Council zilumikizano za Trade City. Pambuyo pake, anadzatchedwa wa Moscow Soviet Theatre.

yankhondo

Pa Soviet paki nyengo "Hermitage 'iye anali amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri kumene kumasuka anthu likulu a. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1941 zinali chatsekedwa. Park Ntchito kupitiriza April chaka chamawa. Mu 1943 apa anatengedwera staging zisudzo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuyambira achoke ku Moscow anabwerera aluso. Zisudzo chipinda sanali usavutike. Komabe, ngakhale omvera kapena zisudzo kuti sasiya.

nthawi unawonongedwa

M'chaka cha 1945, ntchito yomanga munda anapangidwa "Hermitage". Mu 1948, paki inamangidwa chilimwe konsati holo. Pa mbali yake, ndi zisudzo za KI Shulzhenko, AI Raikin, Li Ruslanova. Pano mukhoza kumamvetsera kwa oimba LO Utesov.

Mu makumi asanu ndi zaka zao za sikisite wa Muscovites atumwi wotsiriza kusewera Chess, kuwerenga, kungotenga kuyenda ndi kumvera zisudzo aluso kwambiri, anabwera ku munda "Hermitage". Cinema chilimwe mtundu linatsegulidwa pabwalopo mu 1953. Posakhalitsa anakhala malo otchuka pakati Muscovites. A ambiri anthu anabwera kudzaona zithunzi panja pomwe.

Kutchuka amene ankasangalala paki-munda "Hermitage", kunena ziwerengero. Choncho, mu 1957, ili ngodya wobiriwira likulu anachezeredwa ndi anthu oposa 1.5 miliyoni. Pa paki powonekera anachita R. Karcev ndi vs Vysotsky, yachilendo ed ndi nyimbo magulu. Garden Galasi Theatre "Hermitage" anasankhidwa ngati malo kuwombera zinachitika pa tsiku loyamba la masewera "n'chiyani? Kodi? Pamene? ". Mu 1980, bwaloli zapita kakang'ono Theatre, mutu umene unali AI Raikin.

Modern moyo munda

Mu 1980s - 1990s, paki "Hermitage" anapulumuka nthawi ya bwinja. Mwamwayi, wanena kale. zisudzo "Novaya Opera" anatsegula mu 1991 alendo a paki. Apa ntchito zisudzo "Hermitage" ndi "danga". Ndi chikumbutso 850th wa Moscow paki inakonzedwanso. Ntchito yobwezeretsa anakhudza nyumba zambiri zakale.

Garden "Hermitage" tsopano ndi malo odabwitsa kumasuka. Masana mukufuna kuyenda amayi ndi ana awo. Popeza mabanja loyandikana zina anadza asukulu. Pa ofunda m'chilimwe masiku mwachindunji pa njira munda kapena pa panja gawo kuchita ovina unprofessional, kuphunzira luso kuvina zachikhalidwe.

Monga paki madzulo "Hermitage" chimakhala kudzachita zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Mu chilimwe, ndi ulaliki ndi zisudzo, nyimbo ya nyenyezi ochokera m'mayiko, komanso Jazz Chikondwerero International. M'nyengo yozizira, wodzigudubuza lalikulu akuthamanga paki.

Pali mu kalabu yausiku munda ndi Tiyi Culture Club, komanso malo odyera angapo.

Theatre "Novaya Opera"

Mu 21 paki m'zaka "Hermitage" wakhala mantha kwambiri. Pa m'gawo lake panali moto. Chifukwa, moto Wawononga mbali ya nyumba wotchuka, amene anausiya kalabu "Diaghilev". Onse a moyo wotukuka akupitiriza m'munda, iye monga kale akhalabe malo ankakonda Muscovites. Pano mukhoza kukhala osangalala kuthera nthawi yanga yonse yopuma. Choyamba, kungotenga kuyenda, kusangalala ndi maluwa modzionetsera kapena kuvina ndi ovina sanali akatswiri pa m'chilimwe panja, ndipo kenaka nkhomaliro, kuyendera malo odyera ndi kuonera zinthu zochititsa chidwi.

Pakali pano, a "Hermitage" munda zikugwira ntchito owonetsera atatu. Mmodzi wa iwo - "New Opera" - anatsegula mu chipinda otembenuka. Poyamba, pali inali ndi zisudzo galasi. Mu 1997, a "New Opera" nyumba yatsopano inamangidwa.

The zisudzo unakhala wotchuka yomweyo pambuyo kutsegula. Khwimbi la anthu ankafuna kuti iye kumvera ntchito chakale mu chuma nzeru. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo - "Eugene Onegin", "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila", "La Traviata" ndi ena. Munapanga, woyamba luso mkulu wa zisudzo Evgeniem Kolobovym, komabe atha.

Iwo amadziwa ndi kukonda zisudzo akutali likulu Russian. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, iye anali kupereka ena mphoto yapamwamba kwambiri. Mu mndandanda awo dipuloma "Star ya Mlungu" pokhazikitsa nyuzipepala German "Abendzeitung", Russian za zisudzo mphoto «Casta Diva» ndi ena. Komanso, zisudzo membala wa «Opera Europa» European Opera ammudzi.

"Hermitage"

Izi wina zisudzo munda. Linakhazikitsidwa ndi Mikhail Levitin, izo wakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa khumi. "Hermitage" ndi lofunika zisudzo-goers kuti chuma gawo lake la masewero analengedwa ndi olemba 1920s lapansi.

Pakati pawo, Nikolay Oleynikov ndi Yuri Olesha, Isaac Babele ndi Alexander Vvedensky.
Posachedwapa, pa siteji ya izi zisudzo amasonyeza zisudzo za olemba Latin American.

"Dera"

Izi ang'onoang'ono, koma pa nthawi yomweyo zachilendo ndi chidwi kwambiri zisudzo "Hermitage" paki anaikira omvera misa. Izo analengedwa mu 1981 kuti anthu atifunsa wosavuta kulowamo, chifukwa omvera mu chipinda chaching'ono, limene lili pakati chithunzi cha nthawi zambiri ophunzira mu m'kupita masewero.

club tiyi

Moscow paki "Hermitage" amapereka alendo ndi chibwana zachilendo. M'munda ndi club wapadera, amene amathandiza gulu lonse la osankhika mitundu Chinese tiyi, komanso ziwiya kudzikondweretsa kwa miyambo tiyi.

Zopezeka mu kalabu zingakhale ndi mabuku apadera a. Alendo establishments vula nsapato ndi zovala, kunama mwachindunji pa makalapeti zofewa mu zipinda momasuka. Only ndiye umayamba mwambo tiyi, amene akutenga malo motsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri omwe akutipatsa nzimene mu chakumwa mwachizolowezi.

Kuyenda mwa munda

Green ngodya mu mtima wa Moscow - paki "Hermitage" - asatambira alendo ake momasuka ndi bwino anakonzekeretsa gawo. M'chaka akasupe ntchito pano. Kudutsa msondodzi paki ndi mitengo, maples ndi lindens. Pakati pa mitengo alimbane mlatho anaika pamodzi ndi mabenchi awo. Mmaso anabzala ananyamuka tchire, lilacs ndi honeysuckle.

Mu 2000, panali ziboliboli awiri pa njira ya paki. Mmodzi wa anthuwo anali kupatsidwa ndi mzinda wa Paris. Izi kugwira wa Viktora Gyugo. Mlembi wake - L. Laurent Marqueste. The chosema chachiwiri - mphatso ya boma la Italy. Izi chithunzi Dante Alighieri. Author - R. Piras. Mu 2004, pambuyo pa kukonzedwanso kwa munda chimawalitsika woyamba magetsi magetsi mu Moscow, amene anali kupanga 1880 pa fakitale St. Catherine.