Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo mphamvu mabakiteriya a kukula ndi kuberekana

chida ichi anatulukira pafupifupi zaka zapitazo ndipo anabweretsa mankhwala mlingo zonse zatsopano. matenda ambiri akhala curable pambuyo kutsegula ake. Iwo Penicillin - mankhwala oyamba.

Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo amawononga kaphatikizidwe awo, zimene kumalepheretsa chitukuko ndi kubalana. Mtengo wa kutsegula njira mankhwala sangathe n'kofunika. Today Penicillin kumapulumutsa miyoyo. Koma chimene chinalipo ichi adatseguka bwanji? Ndani apereke mphatso imeneyi kwa anthu? Pa nkhani imeneyi.

Penicillin Kodi

Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo kukula kwa tizilombo ndi zinyalala mankhwala (kaphatikizidwe) wa bowa Penicillium. Mtundu uwu wa bowa nkhungu.

Kodi ali wapadera kwambiri za mankhwala? Ngakhale anthu amene analilumpha maphunziro kusukulu zamoyo, osachepera angapo nthawi amva mawu "mabakiteriya" ndipo mwachidziwikire kudziwa kuti tizilombo awa ali ndi kulimbikitsa thupi (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria) ndi mavuto. Ena pang'ono "mizukwa" chifukwa matenda oopsa: meninjaitisi, chifuwa chachikulu, chibayo, diphtheria - chabe zana a iwo. Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo mabakiteriya kwambiri m'thupi (onani m'munsimu), kuposa kusiya kubalana awo. Ndiye mtundu wa kanthu ife tafotokozeramu thunthu ndi yotakata-sipekitiramu mankhwala.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mu 1928 (pafupifupi zaka zapitazo), mu zasayansi wasayansi Aleksandra Fleminga anali mwangozi Kalanga kwa zamoyo. Mwangozi mwa muyezo wake ndi kufesa mabakiteriya ali nkhungu. Ndipo pamene asayansi ndinkadabwa chochita ndi wosweka ndondomeko kuyesera, anaona kuti mabakiteriya m'galimoto chinachake cholakwika. Monga ife tikudziwa kale, Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo kaphatikizidwe akanika kuposa kutseka kubalana awo. Chamgwiro bactericidal zotsatira za nkhungu kudabwa ndi anazunguzika Fleming. ngozi Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kafukufuku. Koma kuchitira mankhwala oyamba anayamba zaka ziwiri zokha.

Mu 1940-1941, asayansi British Howard chlorine ndi Ernst unyolo odzipereka nzeru zawo ndi mtima wofuna kupeza Penicillin ndi kuyamba kukhazikitsa mu mankhwala. Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mu 1945, izi asayansi ndi mpainiya Fleming mpake anapambana Nobel Prize.

Ntchito ya Kupezeka kwa penicillin mankhwala, kapena woyamba

matenda ambiri oopsa, nthawi yomweyo akutenga miyoyo ndi thanzi la anthu, chinthu zikomo kale kulandira mankhwala oyamba. The mfundo za patsogolo sayansi n'kofunika. Ndi Ndikuvomereza aliyense amene ankadwala matenda bakiteriya.

Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe akanika, mwachitsanzo, si yaying'ono-zamoyo kukula muchuluke, tsopano, zikomo zosiyanasiyana mankhwala pamaziko a matenda ambiri n'ngochiritsika zitsulo ndi pafupifupi munthu mavuto kwa chamoyo. N'zovuta ndi wowopsa kuyerekeza kuti sizinkachitika.

Zaka zana zapitazo (osati pakati, kapena pa onse, M'badwo Stone, monga ambiri) amwalira chifukwa cha matenda kuti ife tsopano monyadira pititsaninso pa mapazi ake, ndi kuchepetsa iwo ochepa mankhwala osiyana. Banal angina ankanyamula moyo wa munthu wa sabata, chibayo - ngakhale mofulumira. meninjaitisi A ankaona osachiritsika, ngati panali opulumuka, iwo anataya ntchito maganizo pafupi kwathunthu, ndi matenda sioneka kuti anatchedwa "mbala maganizo." Kupezeka penicillin kuti kumabwezera mmbuyo mabakiteriya kukula ndi kuthekera moyo anapulumutsa anthu ambiri ndi kupulumutsa anthu mabiliyoni ambiri. tizilombo ambiri akagonja mothandizidwa ndi asayansi. Amadziwika kuti penicillin (kapena m'malo nkhungu ndi zipatso ngakhale zingwe ngamira) ndipo ankachita asanayambe ukutsegulira. Komabe, okha chilolezo cha boma la mafangasi mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya mankhwala akuphunzitsa onse.

The ntchito penicillin lero

Ngakhale kuti Atapeza mankhwala oyamba, asayansi a m'mayiko ambiri Ndatsegula ndi gulu lina la mankhwala a penicillin - njira mogwira zochizira matenda ambiri opatsirana. Kudzera mwa tilinazo ambiri galamu alibe ndi mabakiteriya galamu HIV. Mwachitsanzo, streptococci ubiquitous ndi staphylococci, Corynebacterium, okhala nthaka ndi kuchititsa osachepera totupa, pazipita - oopsa matenda - diphtheria majeremusi amene amayambitsa matenda ogwira bongo ndi chibayo, suppurative zilonda zapakhosi ndi abscesses opatsirana.

Amene ankachitira ndi mankhwala a penicillin

Tikupereka mndandanda wa matenda ambiri amadziwika kuti panopa mankhwala opha penicillin ( "Amoxiclav" ndi "ampicillin", "Bitsillin", "Augmentin"):

• Chofiira malungo.
• Pachimake zilonda zapakhosi (angina).
• Chibayo.
• Tizilombo ta matenda.
• La misempha.
• Lolemera erysipelas.
• Meninjaitisi etiology bakiteriya.
• Sepsis.
• Staphylococcal ndi matenda streptococcal.
• zilonda kachilombo zoopsa kapena postoperative chiyambi.

Monga momwe mukuonera mndandanda umenewu si wathunthu. Mmodzi aureus yekha ndi a mitundu ingapo ndipo amachititsa ambiri matenda. Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo mabakiteriya selo khoma kaphatikizidwe kuposa malo omwe kubereka, amapereka moyo mkombero.

Ubwino wa penicillin

Wina kuphatikiza mankhwala a penicillin mndandanda ndi zotsatira zake wofatsa pa thupi la munthu. Modern mankhwala amphamvu zina ntchito pa mfundo "gulu anamuvula" - kulowa m'thupi, iwo awononge zonse microflora - onse tizilombo ndi zabwino, koyenera kuti uziyenda wokwana wa matumbo ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi. Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo mabakiteriya kukula ndi chitukuko, kotero pambuyo kuwonongedwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mabakiteriya zabwino, m'pofunika kukhala moyo, koma boma maganizo. maganizo a n'zosavuta kuti achire mothandizidwa ndi mkaka kapena zida wapadera mankhwala. Ntchito ya penicillin, ngakhale kuti ambiri akuitana izi mankhwala chakale ogwira mtima, koma zofewa, choncho Kwalamulidwa, ngakhale mwana. Mwa njira, staphylococcus, poyamba wotanganidwa apakati nyumba ndi zipatala komanso amachotsa miyoyo ya ana, chifukwa cha Penicillin anakhala zochepa oopsa.

Monga Penicillin kumabwezera mmbuyo ntchito bakiteriya

Kodi chida ichi ntchito? Yesani kufotokoza zotsatira zake, ndi zimene ndinaona Alexander Fleming m'nthawi yake ya ofesi yake.

Mabakiteriya - kugonjetsedwa kwambiri zinthu zoipa zosiyanasiyana tizilombo. Ena mitundu moyo mwakachetechete chiphalaphala phiri kapena kozizira ayezi. Iwo ali paliponse - nthaka ndi madzi, chakudya, nyama ubweya, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Koma palibe kufunika mantha m'kachipinda wosabala - ngati thupi lanu ndi athanzi ndi amphamvu chitetezo akugwira ntchito pa mphamvu zonse, kuopa majeremusi Sikuti. Ambiri ali ndi ufulu mwa thupi lathu ndi adamulowetsa pokhapokha nkhawa kwambiri kapena kufooketsa izo.

Pamene mabakiteriya amaukiridwa, pali chipulumutso - maantibayotiki. Mwachitsanzo, penicillin (kumabwezera mmbuyo DNA kaphatikizidwe akanika ndiponso kupewa kubalana). Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Kulowa anthu m'magazi mankhwala imafalira thupi lonse. M'matumba a matenda mwamsanga nawapeza iwo. M'malo mwa "dislocation" tizilombo Penicillin likulowerera Kakhungu tizilombo ndi mabasi kaphatikizidwe awo. mabakiteriya kutaya luso lawo chakudya ndi kukula, amene ankalemekeza, kutsogolera ku imfa.