Pituitary: mahomoni ndi ntchito. The pituitary England ndi ntchito yake mu thupi

Pituitary (pituitary England kapena m'munsi mafuta ubongo) - ndi endocrine limba, limene lili m'munsi mwa ubongo. Komanso mwapadera, padziko pansi pace, thumba mu fupa, wotchedwa ndi Turkey chishalo. chitsulo ichi mwa munthu kukula ochepa pafupifupi mtola ndi Mapangidwe zozungulira masekeli 0.5 okha c. Koma ngakhale ngati kukula yaing'ono, udindo wa mahomoni opangidwa ndi pituitary England, ndi zoopsa.

The pituitary England. Mahomoni ndi ntchito

Izi England ang'ono ndi chiwalo yaikulu ya dongosolo lathu lonse endocrine. The mahomoni kuti umabala, bwanji zotsatirazi ntchito thupi:

• kubalana;
• kagayidwe;
• kukula.

Ntchito ndi mahomoni pituitary kuti umabala, n'zogwirizana. Pofuna mozamirapo kufufuza nkhani imeneyi, taganizirani kuyamba kumanga ichi endocrine England.

The pituitary England. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya pituitary ndi

Amakhala mbali zitatu: kutsogolo, kumbuyo ndi wapakatikati, amene amasiyana anachokera ndi dongosolo. The pituitary England amayamba mu Ndisanaumbidwe pa masabata 4-5 chitukuko yoopsa. Zapambuyo Lobe a padziko zaminyewa anapanga kuchokera kumbuyo mpanda wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, otchedwa thumba Rathke, monga yaing'ono elongated outgrowth. Pa chitukuko embryonic, ilo limakula motsogozedwa diencephalon lapansi.

Zapambuyo Lobe anapanga pang'ono pasanafike kutsogolo kwa diencephalon mantha minofu, kumene izi magawo ndipo anagwirizana. Kenako anapanga ndi Lobe wapakatikati wa pituitary lapansi. Amakhala ndi wosanjikiza woonda maselo. Onse atatu pituitary ali kwenikweni osiyana secretory zopangitsa, ndipo aliyense wa iwo umabala mahomoni yake. The pituitary England (mahomoni ndi ntchito) amatenga gawo lalikulu mu lonse endocrine dongosolo munthu.

Prehypophysis

kachigawo amatchedwa adenohypophysis ndi mtokoma wa Prostate (70%). Amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo endocrine England. Mtundu uliwonse wa selo limene limatulutsa gawo lake la timadzi lapansi. maselo endocrine awa otchedwa adenocytes. Pali mitundu iwiri ya adenocytes: chromophilic ndi chromophobe, anthu timadzi ena apanga:

• Chithokomiro zolimbikitsa timadzi (TSH) - udindo ntchito secretory ya chithokomiro England.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - kumapangitsa munthu kotekisi adrenal.
• Gonadotropic mahomoni, monga follicle popatsana ndi luteinizing mahomoni (FSH, LH), amene ntchito ya ubereki.
• Growth timadzi (GH) - udindo wotere pa kukula, izo kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni mu maselo ndi mapangidwe shuga.
• Luteotrophic timadzi kapena prolactin, amene nthawi chisamaliro zachibadwa ana, mkaka wa m'mawere, kagayidwe ndi kukula njira.

Pituitary mahomoni - udindo wawo thupi mu thupi kwambiri.

somatotropin

Growth timadzi (kapena HGH) amapangidwa si kalekale kuponyera zimachitika zokha nthawi 3-4 tsiku. katulutsidwe ake kumawonjezera ndinasintha akagona, ndi yaikulu katundu thupi ndi nthawi kudya. Development wa timadzi izi anakhalabe mu moyo wamunthu, koma achepetsa ndi zaka. Mchikakamizo cha kukula timadzi mu maselo cleaves mafuta ndi chakudya. Chifukwa, mchikakamizo cha somatomedins opangidwa mu chiwindi, kuchuluka selo magawano ndi kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni, motero fupa kukula amene akupezeka.

Ngati kaphatikizidwe kukula timadzi, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ali osakwanira, akufotokozera dwarfism. M'menemo kufanana zonse zasungidwa thupi, thupi, zambiri zachibadwa. Choncho, kulephera kwa pituitary England likukhudza msinkhu wa munthu.

Kugwiritsa katulutsidwe kukula timadzi amachititsa gigantism. Ngati hypersecretion kumachitika ana, kutalika zonse za thupi ndi kusungidwa, ndipo akula kumatheka kupanga izo zimayambitsa acromegaly. Zikuoneka akanagwiritsa kutalikitsa miyendo, kuwonjezera mphuno ndi chibwano, komanso chinenero ndi ziwalo zonse m'mimba.

Chithokomiro popatsana timadzi (TSH)

timadzi Izi nthawi ntchito za chithokomiro England. Imawalamulira pali katulutsidwe wa triiodothyronine ndi thyroxine. Iwo imayendetsa enzyme adenylate cyclase, izi zimakhudza kutengedwa ayodini maselo a chithokomiro. Ndiponso mu zochita za TSH imagwiridwa mapuloteni kagayidwe: kuchuluka yopanga asidi mkati ndi kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni, kukula kuzikonzanso ndi kuchuluka kukula kwa maselo a mabele.

Kaphatikizidwe TTG akhoza kukula mchikakamizo cha kuzizira. Zimene ozizira kumawonjezera ulimi wa mahomoni chithokomiro, tidzapeza mapangidwe kwambiri kutentha thupi. Glucocorticoids akhoza ziletsa yopanga TSH, chinthu chomwecho chimachitika atamwa mankhwala, ululu anachita kapena kuvulala.

Kugwiritsa katulutsidwe wa TSH akuwonekera matenda zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).

Adenokortikotropny timadzi

ACTH ndi apanga wogawana tsiku lonse. Ndende apamwamba ndi m'mawa kwa maola 6,00 kuti 8,00, osachepera - madzulo kuchokera 18,00 kuti 23,00. ACTH nthawi kaphatikizidwe corticosteroids, imatulutsidwa ndi maselo a kotekisi adrenal. The katulutsidwe wa corticosteroids kumawonjezera limati amphamvu maganizo monga mantha, mkwiyo maganizo aakulu. Choncho, ACTH likukhudza maganizo bwino anthu. Chimodzimodzinso ACTH kaphatikizidwe kumatheka chifukwa cha zochita wamphamvu ozizira ndi ululu, aakulu nkhawa thupi. Hypoglycemia komanso kumapangitsa kupanga ACTH.

Kugwiritsa katulutsidwe wa timadzi angakhale ndi pituitary adenoma, nthendayo imatchedwa pituitary Cushing a. mawonetseredwe zake ndi: oopsa, kunenepa, ndi thupi mafuta amasonkhana pa thupi ndi nkhope, ndipo nthambi ndi zabwinobwino, kuwonjezera ndende ya shuga m'magazi, utachepa chitetezo m'thupi.

Osakwanira yopanga ACTH akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa mu kaphatikizidwe glucocorticoids ndi ichi, nayenso chimaoneka kagayidwe ndi utachepa kupirira kuphwanya chamoyo zinthu zachilengedwe.

gonadotrophin

Iwo akucita ntchitoyi wa gonads za amuna ndi akazi onse. Choncho, follikulotropin akazi kumapangitsa mapangidwe follicles ambiri m'mimba lapansi. The theka wamwamuna wa chikoka chinsinsi pa Prostate chitukuko ndi spermatogenesis (mapangidwe umuna).

Lyuteoptropin nthawi yopanga androgens - mahomoni wamwamuna (testosterone, androstenedione, ndi zina zotero.) Ndipo esitirojeni - (. Estriol, estradiol, ndi ena) mahomoni wamkazi.

Choncho, pituitary England timadzi ake nawo ntchito pafupifupi onse ziwalo.

Zapambuyo Lobe wa pituitary England

Zapambuyo Lobe wa pituitary neurohypophysis akutchedwa, izo wapangidwa ndi maselo epidermal, wotchedwa maselo pituitary. Neurohypophysis, komanso pituitary zapambuyo umabala mahomoni. Mahomoni wa zapambuyo pituitary:

• oxytocin pamene;
• vasopressin;
• asparototsin;
• vasotocin;
• glumitotsin;
• valitotsin;
• izototsin;
• mezototsin.

mahomoni onsewa ntchito zake zenizeni mu thupi la munthu. Tiyeni tikambirane za ena a padera.

oxytocin pamene

Mwachitsanzo, timadzi oxytocin pamene amakhudza uterine minofu pobereka. Padziko nembanemba selo wapadera zolandilira tcheru ndi oxytocin. Woyembekezera, timadzi silikunena kuwonjezera pa mlingo zomwe zingachititse contractions uterine. Pang'ono kubadwa okha mchikakamizo cha mkazi timadzi esitirojeni kumawonjezera tilinazo ndi oxytocin ndi kubereka zimachitika. Komanso kumabweretsa kuchepetsa maselo myoepithelial kuti mzere England mammary kumene kumapangitsa kupanga mkaka.

Zotsatira wa oxytocin pa thupi wamwamuna ali bwino anamvetsa. Akukhulupirira kuti lye ndiwokwanitsa zimakhudza ntchito ya m'mimba khoma, kapamba ndi chikhodzodzo.

Vasopressin (ADH)

Vasopressin (wochedwanso antidiuretic timadzi - ADH) amagwira ntchito ziwiri mu thupi. Iwo ali kanthu antidiuretic, i.e. timapitiriza madzi reabsorption mu ducts kusonkhanitsa a impso ndipo Komanso, zimakhudza arteriolar yosalala musculature (Mitsempha chabwino anakafika ku mitsempha ya), i.e. Iwo akhoza anachepetsa lumen awo. Ndende thupi la zimenezi sayambitsa zotsatira chidwi lake ndi pa mlingo pharmacological pamene kutumikiridwa ADH mawonekedwe theka-koyera arterioles kwambiri mwapang'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka mu chipsyinjo.

Choncho, zapambuyo pituitary mahomoni pamene amatha chifukwa osakwanira chitukuko cha matenda a shuga insipidus (antidiuretic kanthu) imene tsiku akhoza kutayika kwa malita 15 a madzi (mkodzo linanena bungwe limodzi). imfa imeneyi iyenera kosalekeza kudzadza. Anthu odwala matenda a shuga insipidus mukuvutika ludzu nthawi zonse.

The wapakatikati Lobe wa pituitary ndi

Wogwirizira gawo imapanganso angapo mahomoni Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikizapo melanostimuliruyuschy timadzi, amene ali ndi udindo kwa khungu ndi tsitsi. Imawalamulira anapanga pigment melanin, amene n'chofunikira kwambiri anthu adzadziwire mitundu.

Kutanthauza mahomoni pituitary

Pituitary (mahomoni ndi ntchito zake tafotokozazi) amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha (Dipatimenti ya diencephalon), zambiri ndendende, mtima wake neurosecretory. Pamodzi iwo apanga dongosolo hypothalamo-pituitary. Iwo akulamulira ntchito kwa zopangitsa onse zotumphukira endocrine. Kulakwila pituitary ntchito (matenda m'thupi) kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu. Mavuto awa nawo m'thupi yemwenso.

The pituitary England ndi ntchito yake mu thupi kwambiri. Amasankha kugwira bwino ntchito ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe.

Matenda ndi Zamatenda ndi Zoyambitsa

Pamene mavuto zimachitika ngati yaing'ono endocrine England ndi pituitary timadzi ndi ntchito zake sizikugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo mu thupi la munthu angathe matenda aakulu:

• acromegaly;
• gigantism;
• shuga insipidus;
• pituitary hypothyroidism kapena hyperthyroidism;
• pituitary hypogonadism;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• pituitary dwarfism;
• matenda Cushing ndi;
• Sheehan ndi matenda.

matenda angayambe ngati pituitary England si apanga ndi timadzi kapena angapo, kapena M'malo mwake, magazi umayenda ochuluka kwambiri a iwo. Ntchito ndi pituitary mahomoni thupi ndi zofunika. kuphwanya kwawo zingachititse zosiyanasiyana pathologies amene amafuna njira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amafuna timadzi mankhwala.