Kestrel: kufotokoza, malo okhala ndi moyo

A sizachilendo mbalame yolusa, pa koyamba akufanana nkhunda - ndi kestrel kabawi. Dzina ornithologists kufotokoza choncho. Iwo kalekale wotchuka mu Russia kusaka, amene wakhala nawo Merlin, saker kabawi kapena mpheta. Anayesa kuphunzitsa alenje wakale ndi mbalame, koma onse pachabe.

Ndicho chifukwa kabawi kudzadzipeza agwire mu ndege, mosiyana ndi adani a mlengalenga, izo ankatchedwa kanthu, achabechabe mbalame - Kestrel. dzina Ornithological mbalame - tinnunculus. Iye anamupeza iye chifukwa cha mawu. Kuyimba akufanana phokoso la "Ti-Ti-Ti". Kutalika ndi mitundu zimadalira zinthu. Dzina Latin amatanthauza "kulira" kapena "mokweza".

Chimphamba Kestrel (steppe, vulgaris): Kufotokozera

Kestrel steppe ndi wamba zofanana kwambiri ndi mzake. Steppe kabawi kwambiri zochepa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri wokongola kwambiri. Ojambula amakonda kuwombera mbalame ndege, makamaka amuna. Iye chosasimbika mapiko wowala. Kestrel ofiira owala, popanda mawanga aliwonse ndi madontho zokongola. Mutu buluu bluish mitundu, ndi mphero woboola pakati mchira wa malire wakuda. Bright Mosiyana steppe kabawi - woyera chiombankhanga. Anapachikidwa kestrel kumwamba mungathe kalekale. Koma kuchita zimenezi nthawi zonse ukuuluka mapiko ake. A tchire kabawi chagona ima. Ndipo mbalame amenewa amasankha kukhala m'midzi. Iwo amakonda kudya tizilombo, pamene kestrel limagwira ndi kudya makoswe, tizilombo kawirikawiri lalikulu.

mbalame izi zimapezeka mu Africa Europe ndi ku Asia. Ndipo mu Russia, limodzi la chiwombankhanga wotchuka tikukhala mu Urals kum'mwera, Altai, ndi Caucasus - wamba kestrel. malo ndi njira ya moyo akhala bwino kuphunzira kabawi. Ponseponse mbalame kudutsa yaikulu ya dzikoli, kupatula Titafika pamalo a. Amakonda, ndithudi, kwambiri paliponse m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yaikulu, nkhalango m'minda yaing'ono nkhalango. nkhalango zowirira si iye, monga limatulutsa chakudya mu malo lotseguka.

Zaka zomalizira za chitukuko zimatenga malo achilengedwe a kabawi ang'ono, iye "anagwidwa" ndipo mwangwiro anakakhala m'madera matauni a ku Ulaya. Ndipo moyandikana munthu sanali mantha.

wamba

Kestrel - mbalame m'malo wodzichepetsa mtundu. Chimphamba wakudya abuluzi yaing'ono, mbewa ndi tizilombo zina zazikulu. Pofuna nyama kuwuluka pafupi pa dziko lapansi kwa nthawi yaitali akusuzumira nyama. Mabanga amenewa, mbalame umayamba nthawi akukupiza mapiko, liwutamira ndi swoops pansi zikuchepa.

pamaso

chiombankhanga amphamvu pa mapazi awo ndi masomphenya lakuthwa kubwera kuthandiza mbalame kupeza chakudya. Kestrels ndi masomphenya akuthwa kuposa anthu maulendo oposa 2.6. Ngati anthu anachita chimodzimodzi, ndiye mndandanda wa maso mosavuta kuwerenga ndi mamita 90! Akatswiri amanena kuti Chimphamba yaing'ono mwangwiro amaona ultraviolet poizoniyu. Izi zimapereka mpata kudziwa zotsalira za rodent mkodzo pa nthaka kapena udzu. Potero kudziwa pansi ndi kupha nyama popanda khama akhoza kestrel. Banja la Chimphamba - ndi banja limene adzaupereka kestrel. The detachment kwa iye, monga mukudziwa, Chimphamba, ndi mtundu - chiwombankhanga.

Chachimuna ndi chachikazi

mbalame ali ndi kutchulidwa dimorphism kugonana. A mkazi kwa mwamuna mosavuta wolemekezeka mtundu mutu. The wamwamuna ali ndi kuwala imvi mithunzi mtundu wa nthenga mutu. Mutu ndi zofiirira mtundu wophweka. Kumbuyo uko zoipa distinguishable wakuda mawanga, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a rhombus a. mchira wake ndi mbali ya kumbuyo pafupi mchira yokutidwa ndi yowala nthenga kuwala imvi. Mapeto a mchira, ndipo m'mphepete mwa mikwingwirima wakuda ndi malire woyera. Pansi pake nthenga kirimu ndi mawanga kukomoka kuwala bulauni mtundu. Nthenga za mapiko ndi mimba pafupifupi woyera.

The wamkazi losiyana kwa mwamuna wokongola mdima lateral lamizeremizere kuti amayendetsa kudutsa kumbuyo. mchira wake ndi zofiirira kulocha, ndi kuchuluka kwa n'kupanga yopingasa ndi edging bwino kumapeto. Belly pansi yatcheredwa ndi mawanga ndi mdima kwambiri.

Young kestrels wamwamuna woyamba akufanana mkazi mtundu. Only mapiko pang'ono wamfupi ndi zambiri anamaliza. Nthenga ndege ali chokongoletsedwa ndi m'mbali wotumbululuka. Thickening wa mulomo ndi diso mphete ku wamng'ono - kuchokera kuwala buluu kuwala wobiriwira mtundu, ndipo akuluakulu - wachikasu. Mchira ndi adzakhale chifukwa nthenga lalifupi mchira. Mapiko aakulu anatseka nthenga mchira pa mdima-chikasu miyendo chiombankhanga mdima kwambiri. Misa Kestrel wamba pang'ono magilamu 200, mwamuna nkomwe silikugwirizana 300. Wapakati kutalika kwa 34,5 masentimita chachimuna ndi chachikazi -. 36 masentimita wingspan kwa chimamangidwa mbalame yaing'ono - 75-76 cm.

chisa ali kuti?

Ndi malo yozizira ya kabawi yaing'ono ntchentche m'ma April - oyambirira May. Jack kupindika awiriawiri. Pasanathe ambiri, mungapeze awiriawiri angapo a mbali ndi mbali kapena njuchi, koma palibe mbalame zoposa 10.

Kestrel chisa wakonda osati kwambiri m'mbali poyera ndi ngakhale mizere mphamvu. Pasanathe ambiri, angapezeke akukhala miyala yaing'ono kapena mitsinje, pa gombe phompho. Kapangidwe ka chisa si chinkhoswe, monga ambiri a kabawi, ndi ulesi zisa anamuthawa magpies, Makwangwala Olimbana ndi akhwangwala. Nthawi zina banja la kestrels angapezeke mu dzenje pa mtengo osiyana, ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti anali dzenje sanali kanthu. Mbalame mosavuta amatulutsa makamu ndi zikukhazikitsa yokha. The cholumikizira anasankha yophiphiritsira anamaliza nthambi angapo.

Dzira-atagona ndi kuswa

Malinga nyengo, kuikira mazira kestrel amayamba kutha kwa April. The wamkazi amawaumbatira pafupifupi zisanu zowala ndi mu mithunzi ya mazira ocher mabanga. Koma ornithologists anapeza zisa ndi mazira 8 kapena kuposa. Kuika yekha kamodzi pachaka ndi pa Kestrel. Nthawi zina, imfa ya mazira onse mbalame akhoza kupanga zowalamulira wina. Hatches wamkazi yekha ana. Male ntchito pa chakudya.

chidzukulu

Anapiye kuonekera patatha mwezi umodzi. Pomwepo kuona ndi kumva bwino. Anabadwa, yaing'ono kabawi fledglings yokutidwa ndi yofewa yoyera pansi ndi chimodzimodzi woyera mulomo ndi chiombankhanga. Mu nkhani ya ngozi zimene pogona pa nsana wake, kuvumbula zikhadabu zakuthwa kapena bodza pansi pa kagawo lapansi. makolo onse awiri amene amagwira ntchito mwachangu ana. Kudya ana "lalikulu." Chakudya Umafuna zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri. Kwa tsiku limodzi pa kulera ana, makolo awiri akuwononga zoposa makumi awiri makoswe ang'ono! Pa nthawi iyi ya chisomo iwo phindu kwambiri kwa alimi ndi wamaluwa. Ndipo iwo amanena kuti "kanthu" mbalame. Zolakwika, chifukwa chopereka ake kuteteza yokolola ndi wamkulu! Young kestrel pang'onopang'ono amasintha nthenga mtundu pa wamkulu. Panthawi imeneyi anapiye kale chidwi moyo ozungulira ndipo amafuna chakudya kwambiri.

Patapita masiku 45-50, mnyamata wamng'ono kabawi kukonzekera ndege yoyamba. Panthawi imeneyi mutha kuona "olimbitsa" m'mphepete mwa chisa. kestrel anapiye posachedwapa pa mapiko, ndi mochedwa September - oyambirira October, kuyenda limodzi ndi makolo ake malo wintering.

Chiwerengero cha adani

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kestrel chinaperekedwa ku mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa zikuluzikulu. Kulola ornithologists anapeza kuti mbalame kungakhale wosamukasamuka, amangokhala kapena zosamukasamuka kutchulidwa. Kestrel pa khalidwe chabe zimakhudza chakudya mu malo awo. Waukulu kusamuka maulendo kugona Chimphamba kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. Nthawi zambiri iwo anaona ku Spain, Poland, Belgium, Germany, ndipo ngakhale mu Africa North.

Adani pa mbalame si bwino, kupatula anthu. Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza kwa mphoto yabwino chikanapitirizidwira miyendo yake. Kestrel manambala anagwera. Chifukwa cha ichi - kwambiri kumukhulupirira mbalame anthu. Chiyambireni cha 2000 chiwerengero cha kestrel kusungidwa pa mlingo chomwecho.