Polymerase unyolo anachita ndi chikhalidwe chake ndi kuchuluka kwa

Polymerase unyolo anachita (PCR) - njira ya zamoyo, amene amalola kudziwa ku kwachilengedwenso zinthu wochepa deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), kapena m'malo ena a zotsala ake, ndi kuchulukitsa nthawi zambiri. Ndiye iwo anali kudziŵika zowoneka ndi gel osakaniza electrophoresis. Zimene anayamba kupanga mu 1983 ndi K. Mullis ndi m'gulu mndandanda wa atulukira chabwino cha zisakuyenda bwino.

Kodi njira PCR

Ndondomeko lonse zachokera luso zidulo mkati kudzimvera motsanzira, kuti mu nkhani iyi unachitikira chongopeka zasayansi. DNA kugawanika simungathe kuyamba dera lililonse la molekyulu, koma m'madera ndi ndondomeko yoyenera ya nucleotides - makombo choyambira. Kuti polymerase unyolo anachita wayamba, tiyenera phunziroli (kapena DNA probes). Awa ndi makombo yochepa mindandanda DNA ndi kuperekedwa nyukiliotayidi zinayendera. Iwo Kugwirizana (i.e., lolingana) chiyambi cha nyemba DNA mbali.

Kumene, kulenga primers, asayansi ayenera kuphunzira ndondomeko ya nucleotides wa asidi mkati, zomwe zimafunika ndondomeko. probes DNA awa kuonetsetsa kulunjika wa anachita ndi mwambo wake. Polymerase unyolo anachita sadzapita, ngati chitsanzo sanapeze molekyulu pa imodzi ya DNA ankafuna. Ambiri, zimene zimafuna primers pamwamba, akonzedwa a nucleotides, kutentha zosagwira DNA polymerase. Yotsirizira ndi puloteni - zochita othandizira wa kaphatikizidwe latsopano mamolekyulu mkati asidi pa chitsanzo maziko. Onse a zinthu zimenezi, kuphatikizapo nkhani kwachilengedwenso chimene chili chofunika kudziwa DNA amaphatikizidwa mu osakaniza anachita (njira). Izo aikidwa mu imodzi wapadera kuti amachita Kutentha kwake mofulumira kwambiri ndi yozizira mu nthawi mwachindunji - mkombero. Iwo amakhala 30-50.

Kodi linachepa

Akamanena za izi kuti pa mkombero wina, primers ndi zaikidwa mbali ya DNA anakhumba, kenako umapita anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri ndi puloteni lapansi. Pamaziko a limakhalapo chingwe DNA apanga mu m'zinthu wotsatira ndi ndalama zambiri mamolekyulu zofanana.

Polymerase unyolo anachita ndi zonse anachira zotsatirazi ake. Iwo yodziwika ndi woyamba anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa mankhwala panthawi iliyonse mkombero wa Kutentha ndi kuzirala. Mu sitepe yachiwiri anachita kumachitika deceleration kuyambira enzyme ndi zowonongeka ndi wotaya ntchito. Komanso, zatha m'matangadza wa nucleotides ndi primers. Mu gawo lotsiriza - malo okwera - mankhwala salinso kudziunjikira monga reagents pa.

Kumene ntchito

Mosakayikira, wodziika ntchito polymerase unyolo anachita amapeza mankhwala ndi sayansi. Izo ntchito mu zamoyo boma ndi oziyimila paokha, mankhwala Chowona Zanyama, mankhwala, ndipo ngakhale zachilengedwe. Ngakhale yotsirizira akuchita kuwayang'anira khalidwe chakudya ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwakhama ntchito polymerase unyolo anachita mu mchitidwe azamalamulo kutsimikiza bambo ndi chizindikiritso kudziwitsa munthu. Mu sayansi azamalamulo, komanso paleontology, nthawi zambiri njira imeneyi ndiyo njira yokha, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zigwiritsidwe kuphunzira wochepa kwambiri kwa DNA. Inde, njira kwambiri ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ikupezeka mu ntchito zachipatala. Iye ankafunika ake m'madera monga chibadwa, matenda ndi matenda oncological.