Psychophysiology - ndi chiyani ichi? Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi psychophysiology

Psychophysiology - ndi kuphunzira zapansi za thupi khalidwe ndi ntchito maganizo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo zazikulu za izo. Mudzaphunzira mbiri ya chiyambi chake, makamaka njira kufunika kwake, komanso ena mfundo zina zofunika kwambiri zokhudza sayansi.

Psychophysiology - gawo wapadera wa zamaganizo ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, amene amafufuza udindo wa zifukwa za chilengedwe (zikuphatikizapo katundu ya ubongo) kupereka ntchito maganizo. Akatswiri apeza masiyanidwe psychophysiology, mawu ndi ganizo, kutengeka ndi maganizo, chidwi, kutengeka, kanthu umasinthasintha. Panopa onse a m'madera amenewa wa akatswiri zikukangalika akupangidwa.

Chifukwa cha psychophysiology

Lero, nkhani yoti, kodi zakufa ndi kuwerenga maganizo ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, udakalipo. Sangathe kunena kuti gawo loyamba la wachiwiri kapena wachiwiri - woyamba. Komabe, palibe chikaiko chakuti ndondomeko maganizo ndi thupi - mbali ya psychophysical lonse. Komanso n'zosakayikitsa kuti lingaliro la lonse izi, kotero koyenera kuti zolinga zothandiza sungagulire payekha kapena Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kapena kuwerenga maganizo. Kuti ndi zofunika cha chidziwitso cha munthu monga ena lonse, osati mwangwiro zifukwa makampani kapena bungwe, ndipo nthambi yatsopano ya zamoyo otchedwa psychophysiology. Amaona kuti osiyanasiyana kwambiri nkhani. Mlingo wa Kuvuta mavuto kuliphunzira ndi apamwamba kuposa kuwerenga maganizo kapena Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa yekha.

Interdisciplinarity psychophysiology, njira probabilistic

Psychophysiology - munda wa nzeru, amene ali interdisciplinary. Izo zikuwoneka pa gulu ubale Mwina zochitika maganizo, thupi ndi chauzimu anthu. Psychophysiology - mwambo kuti amagwiritsa luso lopangira bwino mfundo prerequisites, chuma ndi kudziwa njira zimene zingathe asayansi kufufuza nkhani yeniyeni, yomwe ndi munthu. Choncho, njira ndi probabilistic ntchito. M'pofunika kunena mawu ochepa za izo.

Psychophysiology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira anthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira probabilistic. Kuyambira otsiriza anauika 1867 ndi English sayansi James kalaliki Maxwell. The njira probabilistic chifukwa amanena kuti sayansi konsekonse. Maxwell wasayansi woyamba amene ntchito njira ake probabilistic chifukwa amakhala zenizeni thupi. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti mlengi wa sayansi zowerengera. njira Probabilistic ali ndi mwayi wina zofunika pa deterministic (chikhalidwe). Iwo amapereka zinthu zambiri koposa wa chinthu akuwerengedwa mosamala.

Kupanga psychophysiology

Mwalamulo, inakhalapo mu m'ma 19. Anazindikira ndi Mlengi wake ndi A. R. Luriya, yotamandika kwambiri Russian wasayansi (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Ndi maphunziro wapawiri (maganizo ndi ubongo), iye anatha kuphatikiza zomwe chofunika kwambiri amalanga izi mu coherent lonse. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi anali kugwirizana psychophysiology ndi neuropsychology.

Kwa nthawi yaitali anali ankaganiza kuti mzimu ndi incorporeal. M'mawu ena, ubongo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi izo. Kenako, asayansi ayamba kuika ntchito maganizo ventricles atatu a ubongo. Komanso, aliyense wa ventricles ankaona malo kusunga zidindo anasonyeza wa moyo. Iye akhapidziwa kuti ndi malo a zithunzi abwino. ubongo amaonedwa monga thupi, kumene moyo mphamvu umayenda mchikakamizo cha chifuniro mu gawo la thupi njira yapadera, amatchedwa mauthenga.

Kenako, chifukwa cha ntchito ofufuza, makamaka m'banja (I. M. Sechenova, I. P. Pavlova, P. Ya. Galperina, A. N. Leonteva, A. R. Lurii, N. A. Bernshteyna neri Al. ), anali wasenza lingaliro wokongola bwino kufunika kwa CNS (chapakati mantha dongosolo) kwa psyche anthu.

njira Scientific IM Sechenov

I. M. Sechenov anayamba wapadera lachilengedwe sayansi njira. Kwenikweni ake zingadziŵike ndi mfundo ziwiri:

• mitundu yonse ya zochitika zamatsenga - ndi mankhwala a chapakati mantha dongosolo, choncho ayenera kugonjera malamulo amene amakonzedwa ndi zochitika zina zachilengedwe;
• ayenera kutsatira mfundo za historicism mu kuphunzira psyche, ndicho, kupita ku mitundu wotsikitsitsa ntchito yake apamwamba, kuchokera ku zocholoŵana, kuchokera kuphunzira psyche wa nyama kuphunzira kulunjika ake anthu.

Sechenov, kutsatira mfundo za m'Baibulo, anabwera ku chilengedwe cha chiphunzitso zakuthupi wa chinyezimiritso.

The ntchito I. P. Pavlova ndi kuwonjezera maphunziro

Mu ntchito za IP Pavlov, wotchuka Russian physiologist, chiphunzitso reflex inakulitsidwa. wasayansi ameneyu anali woyamba ntchito mwa njira cholinga akuphunzira ntchito maganizo a ubongo, umene unali wabwino reflex. Kutenga mu utumiki, Pavlov anaphunzira zimagwirira thupi mu zingapo zomwe maziko a zochita pulayimale maganizo. Kuthi wasayansi, komanso monga oimira sukulu yake anatsegula kaja latsopano mu kuphunzira ntchito ubongo ndi kuyesera.

Kenako, maphunziro electrophysiological, lowonjezera ndi bongo wabwino, anathandiza kukhazikitsa mfundo yakuti ambiri a njira ya psyche ali kwenikweni kumatanthauza bungwe zinchito za nyumba ubongo. Mwachitsanzo, kukumbukira angathe kuonedwa chifukwa cha malemeredwe ndi kufalitsa ndondomeko madera okhudza mitsempha kuti atsekedwa, ndi chikukonzekera zina pa mlingo maselo awa kapena ena kusintha.

Maganizo zimadalira mmene yogwira malo ena mu nyumba subcortical ubongo. Panopa zochita zambiri maganizo chinaonekeranso chongopeka. Kuchita izi, ndi mbali mwapadera sakumvetsa ubongo amene amachititsa iwo. Komano, mu ubongo lonse mu thupi zingamvekere zonse kwambiri kumakhudzanso psyche wathu. Choncho, maganizo kapena phiri zikhoza choganiza (thupi) matenda. Kutsirikidwa angathandize kuchiza kapena matenda somatic. Ufiti kapena kuphwanya "taboo" mwa anthu akale akhoza ngakhale kupha munthu.

Chinthu nzeru ndi chinthu psychophysiology

General Psychophysiology - nzeru za kuti munthu amakhala wathanzi. Chipatala chomwecho (kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo ikunenedwa mu mapeto a nkhani) amasanthula anthu odwala.

Man, monga ife tikudziwira, trehipostasen. Psychophysiology - sayansi kuti amaganizira magulu osiyanasiyana a chipembedzo chake. Munthu ali ndi mgwirizano wa mabungwe awa atatu Mwina:

• corporeal (thupi, thupi);
• zamatsenga (zamatsenga);
• wauzimu.

Choncho, psychophysiology chinthu - thupi, maganizo ndi uzimu chikhalidwe cha munthu ndi ubwenzi lachiyanjano. Izi zikomo chilango bwino kuphunzira ntchito za manyuroni mu ubongo wa nyama, komanso mogwirizana ndi Kupenda matenda a anthu anayamba ankaona osati thupi, komanso zimagwirira ubongo zosiyanasiyana maganizo akuti njira ndi khalidwe. Modern psychophysiology ndi chinkhoswe, mwa zina, kuphunzira Intaneti ubongo ndi manyuroni umodzi. Izi anatsimikiza ndi kachitidwe panopa kwa kuphatikiza amalanga zosiyanasiyana zomwe kuphunzira ubongo ntchito (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology zamoyo, ndi ena.) Mu neuroscience limodzi.

nthambi zosiyanasiyana chidwi kwa ife chilango nkhani yake. Thupi psychophysiology Mwachitsanzo, amafufuza chito za khalidwe ndi mayankho m'maganizo zimadalira chikhalidwe cha magawo thupi la ndalama zimene a zotumphukira ndi pakati machitidwe mantha, komanso soma wonse (pa dongosolo, minofu ndi mlingo ma).

kutanthauza chilango

Tili ndi chidwi chofuna chilango likugwirizana maganizo, ubongo, maganizo, pedagogy ndi zilankhulo. Psychophysiology - kugwirizana n'kofunika, apeze njira imene psyche anthu kuoneka ngati lonse, kuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe zovuta, pamaso kumachitika otsala kuphunzira.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukudziwa zomwe magawo a ontogeny ndi yovuta kwambiri ku makhalidwe osiyana pedagogical, n'zotheka kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha ntchito zofunika kwambiri zokhudza thupi ndi psycho-thupi, monga chikumbukiro, kuganizira tcheru, kuzindikira, masewera olimbitsa thupi, maganizo ndi thupi ntchito ndi ena. ngati muli ndi lingaliro la makhalidwe zaka thupi la mwanayo, mukhoza yabwino awulule luso lake lathupi ndi maganizo, kukhala wololera, kuchokera amazionera a sayansi, valeological ndi gigs nical zofunika ntchito bongo ndi maphunziro, bungwe akafuna tsiku, ntchito galimoto ndi zakudya, zoyenerera makhalidwe munthu oyendetsera dziko ndi zaka. M'mawu ena, zochitika pedagogical kungakhale kothandiza ndiponso ntchito pokhapokha ngati kuganizira makhalidwe zaka ana ndi achinyamata, n'zotheka thupi lake.

Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi psychophysiology

Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa - sayansi kuti investigates maonekedwe a chamoyo ndi chitukuko cha chamoyo pa ontogeny. Iwo amafufuza ntchito za chamoyo wonse, kachitidwe limba ndi ziwalo munthu akamakula wapadera ntchitozo misinkhu yosiyanasiyana zaka.

Ontogenesis - mfundo yaikulu ya nkhani monga zaka Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Iwo unayamba kumbuyo mu 1866 ndi E. Haeckel. Masiku ano, pansi ontogeny, akusonyezanso chitukuko munthu wa chamoyo moyo wake (kwa lingaliro imfa).

Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi psychophysiology inakhazikitsidwa ndi posachedwapa. Woyamba kuoneka mpaka theka lachiwiri Mu zaka zapitazo. Embryology - sayansi kuti ikufotokoza makhalidwe ndi malamulo a moyo wa chamoyo pa magawo chitukuko yoopsa. Magawowa patapita kukula kwa ukalamba, kuganizira gerontology.

Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa maphunziro pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, Pakati - morphological makhalidwe a thupi (kutalika, kulemera, circumference m'chiuno ndi pachifuwa girth m'chiuno, mapewa, etc.). chilango Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nthambi ya zamoyo - osiyanasiyana kwambiri chidziwitso.

Features wa ontogeny anthu

Magwero a zimakhudza anthu pa mbali ya ontogeny ake. Mu magawo oyambirira lili kufanana zina ndi ontogeny khalidwe la anyani apamwamba. Komabe, kulunjika munthu lili mu choona kuti ndi munthu chikhalidwe. Udabuluka n'chimene ontogeny ake. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa nyengo ya mwana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti munthu ayenera kuphunzira pulogalamu chikhalidwe pa maphunziro. Komanso kuchuluka pa chitukuko yoopsa. Unamwali anthu ndi mochedwa kuposa anyani lalikulu. Nthawi kukula kwa kulumpha, komanso kusintha kwa ukalamba ife anasonyeza bwinobwino, mosiyana ndi nyama. Cacikulu kupulumuka, tili kuposa anyani lalikulu.

Malire zaka ndi mlingo wa chitukuko

Ndipo mphunzitsi, ndipo adotolo n'kofunika kwambiri kumvetsa mlingo wa chitukuko cha mwana amene amagwira ntchito. Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi psychophysiology kudziwa zomwe amati ponseponse, ndipo - kupatuka pa izo. Aliyense kupatuka kwambiri chitukuko ndi kufunika ntchito kwa munthu njira sanali muyezo wa mankhwala ndi maphunziro. Motero, chimodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za kuwerenga maganizo ndi kukhazikitsa magawo kumasulira malire zaka.

Tikumbukenso kuti mayendedwe a chitukuko si nthawi zonse chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi mapeto a msinkhu wake. Liwiro ndondomeko kawirikawiri zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kupambana kwa munthu (ngakhale patapita anzake) Wiz. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri inapita patsogolo chitukuko udzatha molawirira kwambiri. Motero, munthu amene poyamba mlanduwu chiyembekezo chachikulu, mu akula si iyende bwino.

N'chosoŵa pali kusintha ndithu mu mayendedwe a chitukuko ndi kukula. Komabe, yofanana yaing'ono kuti chidzachitika pasadakhale zolimbitsa kapena achigonjetse, zimachitika kawirikawiri. Kodi kuwachitira Kodi mawonetseredwe ichi cha kuvutika mu chitukuko kapena kusintha? Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa zikupereka yankho izi ndi zina mafunso. Akufotokozera i kuweruza mlingo wa zopatuka ponseponse ndi kufunika kukhwimitsa kwa Kupha awo kapena kuchepetsa.

psychophysiology matenda

Ndi dera zofunika za ntchito psychophysiology. Ndi minda interdisciplinary a chidziwitso, womwe ukudza zosiyanasiyana njira thupi la kusintha kaganizidwe ntchito matenda somatic ndi maganizo, komanso chikoka chawo pa wina ndi mnzake.

Chipatala Psychophysiology - mwambo umene kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira njira pathogenetic, zinthu etiological, ntchito konzanso ndi chithandizo cha matenda obwera chifukwa choganiza kwambiri. Iwo sangakhoze kuchita popanda chidziwitso cha angapo njira ndi maphunziro okhudzana (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, komanso kuwerenga maganizo nevropsihologii, Neuroradiology neri Al.). Anayesedwanso kumunda ndi zatsopano zasayansi angathe kudziwa khalidwe momwe anthu ndi zinachitikira zolimbana amasintha njira ndi machitidwe thupi. Kuchokera pamenepa, ife tikuona malamulo ubale choganiza.

Childs, si invasively anayeza mfundo zokhudza thupi opezeka pa thupi pamwamba anthu (chifukwa cha zochita za machitidwe zinchito). Kugwiritsa masensa anayeza ndi katundu lawo. masensa izi kudziwa ndi imodzi kuwonjezera magawo n'chiyani, kotero mfundo analandira zikhoza kusinthidwa n'kukhala chizindikiro kwachilengedwenso. Kuchokera pa njira imeneyi, akatswiri anaganiza kuti njira iliyonse somatic ndi pa mtima wa chodabwitsa ndi, mphamvu zawo mu njira ya mankhwala kukhudzana.

Choncho, psychophysiology - sayansi, tanthauzo la zomwe kwake kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino. Tinakambirana za nkhaniyi, njira, mbiri yake ndi chitukuko, komanso nthambi zina zofunika. Psychophysiology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira maganizo ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa anthu, choncho ali ndi chikhalidwe interdisciplinary.