Retardation mu kuwerenga maganizo - ndi kuchedwa, kakulidwe yomweyo. Mofulumira ndi retardation

Retardation Psychology - amenewa yafalikira M'zaka zaposachedwapa monga zosemphana akuti "mathamangitsidwe". Pa mtengo kuti overlaps ndi infantilism. Retardation (pochedwetsa, ikuchedwa) amanena kuti backlog pa nthawi chingathandize, pamene nthawi zambiri, ena mwa infantilism zizindikiro wake amapitirizabe akulu. Komanso, pali retardation chitukuko maganizo, ndi infantilism nzeru si bwanji.

Mawu akuti "retardation"

Mu kulimbikira kuchedwa retardation kumvetsa wonse chitukuko maganizo chifukwa chophwanya zosiyanasiyana za nzeru zaka zapakati pa zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu, mwachitsanzo nthawi imene mwana okha analiumba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga ulamuliro, si taonera mwapang'onopang'ono kuwonongeka ntchito chidziwitso. Ngati mavuto a m'maganizo zimachitika ndi maziko a mawu kale zinapangidwa ndi mwapang'onopang'ono chikhalidwe, kuti matendawa kakulidwe kudziwika monga maganizo (maganizo).

mathamangitsidwe

Retardation monga mathamangitsidwe n'zosiyana wa lingaliro amatenda akuchedwa kapena kwanthawi mu chitukuko. Choncho, mathamangitsidwe - ndi mofulumira mayendedwe a kukula ndi chitukuko ubwana ndi unyamata. Komanso kuno akhoza zimachitika kuwonjezeka mofulumira thupi kukula kwa amuna wamkulu. Pakali pano, Pali mitundu iwiri ya mathamangitsidwe: kwapakati ndi chikhomo. The choyamba - ndi mofulumira mayendedwe a chitukuko cha ena ndi ana ina magulu zaka. mathamangitsidwe Odziwika amatchedwa mofulumira thupi chitukuko cha ana lero poyerekeza ndi mbadwo wakale.

Zimayambitsa mathamangitsidwe wa

Kuti kumvetsa zomwe retardation, m'pofunika kupeza zimayambitsa ndi chodabwitsa anyamata, kapena kuti kukhazikitsa njira zamoyo mathamangitsidwe. Conventionally, zimayambitsa kukula mofulumira ndi chitukuko zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu akulu:

1. amanena za chilengedwe thupi ndi mankhwala. Zikuphatikizapo chiphunzitso cha Koch, amene ankakhulupirira kuti ana masiku ano kwambiri poyera kuti cheza ultraviolet, ndiwo injini kukula. Komabe ambiri, anatsimikizira ndi ofufuza ambiri, kungoganizira za mmene zinyansi mafakitale pa kukula kwa ana.

2. amanena za chikoka pa kukula ndi chitukuko cha chilengedwe chikhalidwe mwanayo, makamaka kusintha zakudya, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo m'tawuni. Ofufuza, zonse zimenezi amathanso zolimbikitsa zimakhudza kukula.

3. kungoganizira, chimene mathamangitsidwe - chifukwa cha kusintha cyclical mu zochitika za chilengedwe komanso zina heterosis. zotsatira heterosis singalifotokoze mkulu Kusamuka kwa anthu masiku ano ambiri mabanja osokonezeka. Mphukira pamene ndi mbadwo uliwonse umakhala anayamba thupi.

Zikanakhala bwino kugwirizana ndi malingaliro onse atatu, monga olemba ambiri amaona chifukwa cha mathamangitsidwe amadza chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, mu nkhani iyi panthawi zosiyanasiyana ndiponso malo osiyanasiyana pochita zinthu zosiyana.

Retardation: zimayambitsa ndi zinthu. Chidule

Retardation Psychology - anachedwa kukula ndi mapangidwe machitidwe zinchito pa ubwana ndi unyamata. Pa nthawi imeneyi ya Kuphunzira zodabwitsazi, asayansi anapeza zimayambitsa ziwiri zikuluzikulu za retardation: majini ndi matenda organic, kobadwa nako kapena anagula mu ontogenesis postnatal, komanso zinthu zothandiza anthu.

retardants cholowa ndiponso chinthu chikhalidwe

Pali nthawi ndondomeko ya retardants kukula sali kutali mmbuyo pa chizindikiro ichi ndi anzawo, monga mfundo pafupifupi akamafika zaka umodzi kapena iŵiri. Ngati ife kuganizira kuti retardation mu kuwerenga maganizo - ndi slowdown kukula ndi chitukuko, kuthana kwathunthu vuto ayenera kudziwa chifukwa cha zodabwitsazi. Ngati backlog chifukwa cha chibadwa kapena pambuyo matenda, ndiye kawirikawiri pali nthawi kuchedwa kukula ndi kuchira pambuyo mlingo komaliza kukula inapita patsogolo, ndiyo pulogalamu majini lichitidwa akuyendera pa nthawi yaifupi.

Wachisoni yaikulu kukula ndi chitukuko cha mwana akhoza kukhala chinthu chikhalidwe. Ndipo si kwambiri ndalama otsika zakuthupi ngati maganizo nyengo zoipa m'banja kapena mabungwe. Mtanda unaonetseratu chakuti ana amene anakulira sukulu yogonera komweko, nyumba ana kapena zikhalidwe za akusowa chidwi kwa makolo awo, zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo chitukuko cha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndi anzawo.

ozungulira zisadzachitikenso

Retardation mu kuwerenga maganizo - ndi insufficiently kuphunzira chodabwitsa, koma linakhalapo kwambiri akutsimikiza chiphunzitso cha mathamangitsidwe cyclical cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Malinga ndi asayansi, mu zaka zisanu zapitazi pakhala mathamangitsidwe ndi deceleration retardation chitukuko. Pazifukwa zina, dongosolo ndi cyclical, Sizikudziwika, koma asayansi amati izi kwa zinthu zotsatirazi: kusintha kwa nyengo pa dziko, kulalikira mwakhama dzuwa, ndi khalidwe la chakudya ndi zina zotero. Mavuto onse angathe kugawidwa exogenous (kungasokoneze cha chilengedwe) ndipo amkati (kobadwa nako kapena kugula).

Retardation kwambiri makamaka kuona ngati mwana ndi wokonzeka sukulu, chifukwa cha kusasitsa ake psycho-thupi zimatengera mwachindunji patsogolo ndi njira asapita kukhala ndi zaka zofanana. Nthawi zambiri, ana ndi kuchedwa kakulidwe amaphunzitsidwa payekha. Komanso Dziwani ndi kuti retardation ndi mathamangitsidwe akhoza kukhala ogwirizana ndi inharmonious. Kuti ndi Mwana aliyense ali mlingo munthu kukula ndi chitukuko.