Robert Burns: yonena, nyimbo, ndakatulo, zithunzi

Bright, anakumbukira umunthu ndi ndakatulo dziko la Scotland anali wotchuka folklorist Robert Burns. The yonena za ichi lopambana chikhalidwe zili kovuta. Koma kuti sikutanthauza aliyense mukopedwe ntchito yake. Burns analemba ntchito zake m'zinenero English ndi Chi. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo zosiyanasiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa moyo wa mutu wa ku Scotland ndakatulo dziko Robert Burns ndi analandira.

Wambiri. ubwana

Tsogolo wotchuka wolemba anabadwa mu 1957 mu banja lalikulu. Robert anali ndi abale asanu ndi alongo. Kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndakatulo tsogolo kuphunzira, kuphunzira ndi mphunzitsi John Murdoch. ganyu alimi wake m'dera maphunziro ndi ana awo. Kuti Murdoch anaona mnyamata luso lapadera ndipo anamulangiza kumvetsera kwambiri mabuku. Kale mu 1783, pali ntchito zoyamba za Burns, wolembedwa mu chilankhulo eyshirskom.

achinyamata

Pamene ndakatulo wamng'ono anali zaka makumi awiri-awiri, amasiya nyumba ya atate ake, ndipo anatumizidwa ku mzinda wa Irvine, kumeneko kuphunzira ntchito za fulakesi wothandizira. Komabe, patapita moto anatentha mu shopu, momwe Robert anali kuchita malonda, iye anabwerera kwawo. Mu 1784, bambo ake anamwalira. Ana mkulu azigwira ntchito zonse zokhudza ulimi ulimi. Komabe, zinthu kwambiri. Posachedwapa, banja akusankha kuchoka ku famu ndi kusamukira Mossgil. The initiators umenewu unachita ndi udindo akhala abale - Gilbert ndi Robert Burns. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo mwadzaza amazipotokola zosayembekezeka ndi zinthu zotsutsana. Nditabwerera ku mzinda watsopano, mnyamata anakumana mkazi wakeyu - Dzheyn Artur. Koma bambo ake sichinkalimbikitsa kusankha kwa mwana wake wamkazi, kodi sanalole ukwati. Wosimidwa, Robert wasankha kupita dziko lina. Monga pa nthawi iyi, iye analandira kupereka ntchito akauntanti ku Jamaica. Komabe, madongosolo sizichitika.

Bwino loyamba

Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuwala adzatuluke Buku loyamba la ntchito zake, lofalitsidwa mu June 1786 mu Kilmarnock. Bukhu linali bwino yaikulu. 20 mapaundi - ndicho mphoto imene walandira chifukwa cha ntchito yake, Robert Burns. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo iyi alidi kwambiri sizimadziwika. Mu chaka chomwecho folklorist wamng'ono anatumizidwa ku Edinburgh. Ndiko kumene itagwa koyamba, ndalama ndithu ndithu kwa kukopera pa yake deta kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ndakatulo. Ndakatulo Roberta Bernsa anali kutamanda olemba ndi wolemba yekha dzina lake chiyembekezo ndakatulo Scotland.

moyo kulenga

Pambuyo bwino osayembekezerekawo ndi zidzasintha wa folklorist wotchuka amachita ena maulendo wokongola yaitali kuti dziko kunyumba. Anasonkhanitsa wowerengeka songs, ankalemba ndakatulo ndi mavesi. Samalandira ntchito yawo alibiretu malipiro, Burns chabe amaona chimwemwe ankatha kulemba ndi kusunga m'nthano zakale. M'zaka za akungoyendayenda munda banja sanali kumusamalira. Chitulutsireni buku lachitatu la ndakatulo kuwala Burns amapita ku Ellizzhevd. Pali watenga munda latsopano. Nthawi iyi, iye akali anakwatira chibwenzi chake Jane, ndipo iwo anabadwa ana angapo. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi, wolemba ukugwira wokhometsa msonkho ndipo amalandira ndalama pang'ono, pafupifupi 50 mapaundi chaka. Mu 1791 anaitanidwa buku lina, limene okhudza zana ntchito.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Robert Burns, chithunzi cha amene asonyezedwa pa tsamba lino ndi wabwino kupirira ntchito zawo boma. Komabe, ndi nthawi zambiri zimaoneka mu mkhalidwe aledzera. Iye pambuyo pake achotsedwa anthu zolembalemba thandizo la malingaliro chosintha. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Burns ambiri kuthera nthawi mu gulu la anthu oledzera. Ndakatulo anafa 1796 ku matenda enaake ophwanya m'thupi. The bwino ndakatulo Burns, malinga ndi otsutsa zolembalemba, ndi "Odala ali osauka." Ndi chithunzi cha moyo wa anthu oledzera chikhalidwe amachotsedwa.

Burns ndakatulo mu Russian

Woyamba prose kumasulira ntchito za izi Scottish ndakatulo wotchuka, patapita zaka zinayi pambuyo pa imfa yake, m'chaka cha 1800, Robert Burns unakhala wotchuka mu Soviet Union chifukwa yomasulira kwambiri luso S. Marshak. Kwa nthawi yoyamba Samuil anatembenukira kwa ntchito ya folklorist Scottish mu 1924. Kuyambira cha m'ma mmasate amayamba kuchita anatembenuzidwa mwadongosolo ntchito Burns a. M'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo Russian anatuluka mu 1947. Total Samuel Yakovlevich linamasuliridwa ntchito za 215, omwe ndi ¼ ya cholowa lonse a ndakatulo iyi. Marshak kutanthauzira ali kutali ndi malemba enieni, koma iwo ali ophweka ndi yosavuta, komanso chapadera maganizo maganizo pafupi bernsovskim zolemba. The periodicals kenako pali nkhani zoyenera ntchito za folklorist izi luso. Mozama ntchito za Burns chinkhoswe otchuka Russian chikhalidwe chithunzi Belinsky. Tikumbukenso kuti anawamasulira quatrains mnyamata Scottish ndakatulo Mikhail Lermontov anali kuchita. Pa centenary imfa ndakatulo ku Russian wofalitsa Suvorin zopereka za ndakatulo, ndi ndakatulo Roberta Bernsa asindikizidwa.

nyimbo

Tikumbukenso kuti ambiri a ntchito otchuka a ndakatulo iyi ndi processing wa mingoli ya wowerengeka nyimbo. ndakatulo yake yachilendo nyimbo ndi mungoli. N'zosadabwitsa kuti wolemba ambiri odziwika Zakasakaniza nyimbo Russian ndi Robert Burns. Nyimbo pa ndakatulo ake masiku ake analemba chotere wotchuka analemba Soviet monga G. Sviridov ndi Shostakovich. The repertoire a Aleksandra Gradskogo ali mkombero amapilira ntchito pa Burns 'ndakatulo. malemba ake anali maziko a nyimbo zambiri analenga Mulyavin chifukwa kudzera "Pesnyary". Moldova gulu «Zdob Si Zdub» anachita nyimbo pa lemba la Burns 'Inu anandisiya. " Folk gulu "Mill" analemba nyimbo ya ballad "Ambuye Gregory" ndi ndakatulo "ng'ombe". Nthawi zambiri, nyimbo pa ndakatulo wa akatswiri a ndakatulo otchuka akunja ntchito yakanema. Ine makamaka ndikufuna kuti asonyeze chikondi filimuyo "Moni, Ine ndine Azakhali anu," lotchedwa "Chikondi ndi umphawi." Mapangidwe awa chitachitidwa luso wosewera Alexander Kalyagin. Mu filimu "Office Romance" chitachitidwa nyimbo ina, mlembi malemba amene ali R. Burns - ". Moyo wanga mpumulo"