Rurik Pamudzi, Veliky Novgorod: adiresi, zithunzi ndi ndemanga

Veliky Novgorod - mzinda komwe palibe kuchepa kwa zinthu kuchita. Iye kalekale amodzi mwa malo ambiri anafika pa mapu a dziko ndipo akupitiriza kusangalala ndi zinthu zatsopano zinthu zakale kuunikira pa mbiriyakale ya Russia wakale. Ambiri a iwo anali anapanga m'dera la Rurik kuthetsa kumene kunachitika Novgorod.

Mbiri ya kuphunzira malo pofukula

Rurik kuthetsa (Veliky Novgorod), chithunzi cha amene anapereka m'munsimu, asayansi anayamba kuphunzira kuchokera pachiyambi cha m'ma lomaliza. The zofukulidwa woyamba kunachitika ndi katswiriyo N. Polyansky. M'chaka cha 1910 izo m'malo ndi kukaona gulu la ofufuza kutsogozedwa ndi wojambula-nzeru zapamwamba Nikolai Roerich, ndi kuyambira m'chaka cha 1975 mpaka pano (ndi chiswa) zithandizana pali Institute of History Nkhani Culture motsogozedwa ndi E. N. Nosova.

Chifukwa, pafupi ndi n'chodabwitsa kafukufuku zigawo zakale zoterezi chikhalidwe anafotokozedwa monga:

• zotsala za Neolithic (2-3 Zakachikwi BC)
• Pamudzi Iron Age (woyamba Zakachikwi BC. e.).

The ofukula zinthu zakale kwambiri apeza anapanga pamalowa

Mu maphunziro a zigawo chikhalidwe 9-11 zaka asayansi apeza zinthu zambiri zovala ndi zida za nkhondo. Anaipezanso birchbark zili zosiyana, ena zisindikizo Kalonga wa kutsogolera dirhams chuma atatu, ambiri Arab, ndalama Byzantine ndi maiko Western European, galasi, carnelian ndi galasi mikanda ndi zidutswa za amondi ndi mtedza zipolopolo. zakale zonsezi umboni wa ntchito yogwira chimagwirizanitsa Novgorod ndi oyandikana nawo ndi maiko a kutali Ulaya ndi Asia.

Pa zofukulidwa anayamba anapeza mbali ya masikelo, zolemera, Chifirisiyani zisa, chidole malupanga matabwa, zolemera za nsalu, miyambo bangles wakale galasi, kuwerengera Tags, spindles, pachikuto ndi birch zimayambira, shards wa amphorae ndi zambiri.

Rurik kuthetsa (Novgorod) kachiwiri amakakamizidwa kulankhula za yekha mu 2003, pamene anapeza birch makungwa, umene ndi mpukutu wa kalata kwa abale osiyanasiyana kwa makolo ake, zimene anatchula Kalonga wa Novgorod.

"Varyagsky lotsatira»

Ndi nambala ya ku Scandinavia Rurik anapezazo Pamudzi, pamodzi ndi kuthetsa mbiri malo kukaikira mazira ili pa magombe a Dnieper, ndi olemera m'phanga Eastern Europe. zinthu ziwirizi mwachindunji kutsatira malo otchuka kwambiri Scandinavia Birka ndi Hedeby. Makamaka chidwi zinthu miyambo ndi zodzikongoletsera. Mwa iwo chipolopolo ngati, annular ravnoplechnye ndi zokometsera zomanga, pakhosi zosonyeza 2 mkuwa, mmene muli runiform zolemba chitsulo hryvnia ndi zizindikiro akunenanso motsimikiza Thor chithunzi Valkirii siliva neri Al.

Rurik kuthetsa (Novgorod): mbiri ya m'munsi ndi

Wotchuka kwambiri pa kutchula chinthu angapezeke mu "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka". Malinga ndi kutanthauzira mmodzi wa chikalata umenewu, mu 862, anthu a m'dziko limene Novgorod anakhazikitsidwa anadzatchedwa Varyaga Ryurika kulamulira pa dziko lawo. Pamalo a wakale kuthetsa Kalonga zogona inamangidwa monga linga-m'mudzi imene iye ankakhala, iye ndi kumuwombera wake. Iye anali pa chiyambi cha Volkhov mtsinje, pa njira "ku Scandinavia ndi Ahelene."

Mbiri wotsatira wa Rurik kuthetsa

Mu zaka 9-10 Kalonga zogona pa magombe a Volkhov anali ndi kuthetsa koyamba m'dera la Novgorod ano, T. E. Tauni akale. Iwo ali ndi malo ochepa (6 - 7 ha) mu lokwezeka, limene lili pa chilumba chigumula anatsanulira. kutsinde m'lifupi kuthetsa anafika mamita 8, ndi kutalika - mamita 5.

Chigawo chapakati cha Rurik kuthetsa anali otetezedwa ndi ziwembu Mtengo ndi kumbuyo mwa mtsinje wa. Pamudzi ali ndi malo mwayi, monga atazungulira malire madzi, ndi kuchokera pamwamba pa phiri zinali zosavuta kuti tifufuza Ndime ya zida za Mtsinje Volkhov mu Nyanja Ilmen.

Kusirira Nyumbayi munali malo opatulika achikunja - Peryn. Atafufuza pofukula, mbali yaikulu ya anthu ankachita nawo ntchito zamanja kuthetsa kuphatikizapo kuponyera mkuwa, fupa kusema ndi ena.

Hillfort pambuyo m'ma chakhumi,

Mu zaka 990 za kuthetsa wakale, kupulumutsa udindo okhala a kalonga, wapereka njira ntchito malowa umoyo ndi zachuma ya msasawu zayamba kuzungulira bwalo bishopu.

Pambuyo pa kupanduka kwa Novgorod mu 1136 pa madera ake anapitiriza udzakhazikitsidwe kalonga zogona. Komabe, anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa meya, woyang'anira Wamkulu Novgorod.

Rurik kuthetsa (adiresi Novgorod chigawo d. Chimulu cha Dothi) pa nthawi imodzi pamalo ubwana wake tsogolo Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo. Komanso nthawi zosiyana za mbiri anasiya kapena anakhala wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, Vasiliy Temny, Ivan III ndi Ivan Grozny.

Mpingo wa Annunciation

Rurik kuthetsa (Veliky Novgorod) ndi chidwi chifukwa mabwinja a mpingo m'zaka za m'ma 12 Chilwa m'menemo. Mu 1103 idamangidwa mwana Vladimira Monomaha ndi mkulu wa Novgorod, Mstislav Vladimirovich. Annunciation wa inayamba kulankhulana wachiwiri. Sofia mwala kumanga mzinda ndi kukakhala a kalonga anagwidwa kumeneko. Iye, pamodzi ndi Nikolsky ndi Cathedral St. George (Yuriev ansembe yotchedwa), inamangidwa ndi Peter Wamkulu - woyamba Russian wamanga otchulidwa Mbiri.

M'zaka 1342-1343 pa malo a kachisi dilapidated anamangidwira wina watsopano, amene adayima zaka 600, malinga pa WWII sanali mabomba mdani zida zankhondo. Mabwinja a Mpingo wa Annunciation kupereka lingaliro bwino za mtundu wa kuwonongeka chidachitika ku cholowa chikhalidwe cha dziko lathu pamene nkhondo ya magulu lopondereza.

"Prince ndi Stone"

Rurik kuthetsa (Novgorod) anali mmodzi wa malo yaikulu ya chikondwerero wapadera wa 1150 TH lokumbukira statehood Russian. September 22, 2012, chaka dera la chipilala mbiri linatsegulidwa "Knyazhye mwala." Ndi Chimwala yaikulu masekeli 40 matani. Lalembedwa ndi anawatenga mu wotchuka mbiri Radzivilovskoy, amene umboni kufunika kwa kuthetsa m'mbiri ya Russia.

Veliky Novgorod, Rurik Pamudzi: momwe kumeneko ndi galimoto

Izi zikhomo wodziwika bwino akhoza anafika ndi galimoto aumwini kapena apagulu. Ngati mutsatira mu Rurik kuthetsa (Veliky Novgorod), momwe kupeza galimoto, ozolowera mwamsanga. Ndi posachedwapa anaika pamaso pake njira chikasu sandstone. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati njira Moscow - Novgorod iwonso Sholokhovo, kuyendetsa kwa Mpulumutsi Nereditsa ndi china chotchinga, ndiye kuyenda kwa mabwinja kupita mphindi yokha 2-3.

Pamaso Rurik kuthetsa akhoza anafika pa basi chiwerengero 186 (nthawi kuchoka ku 7:25, 8:25, 14:00, 19:05), pafupi Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi pa Nereditsa. Kutuluka pa siteji yotsiriza, inu kubwerera pa msewu ndi kuyenda pamodzi chochuluka damu mtsinjewo Volkhov. Kenako, muyenera kutembenukira kumanzere ndi kutsatira njira inali m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo kuti chidwi kwambiri.

M'miyezi yotentha Volkhov imachitika maulendo bwato "Veche", imene pulogalamu chikuphatikizapo kudzacheza kwa Rurik Pamudzi. Ulendo ndandanda: pa 11:00 Loweruka ndipo 14:15 - Sunday.

Reviews

Malinga ndi amene wayenda kale njira Veliky Novgorod - Rurik kuthetsa (mtunda mu makilomita ku likulu ndi 2), pambuyo unsembe wa msewu watsopano akhoza anafika popanda mavuto pa mtundu uliwonse wa galimoto. Kupatula nthawi kuthira mtsinje Volkhov, pamene osavomerezeka kukaona kukopa izi.

Zabwino ndemanga zambiri odzipereka kwa mtundu waukulu atsegulidwa ku phiri linga padziko madzi, komanso boma la Russia ansembe yotchedwa St. George. Komanso, ulendowu akhoza pamodzi ndi zosangalatsa pa gombe ndi masanje ndi kanyenya m'dera zosangalatsa pafupi chosaiwalika cha. Pankhani ndemanga ya alendo, apaulendo ambiri amati kuganiza zonse zopita ku nyumba yogonamo wakale Rurik oipayo amawononganso manda, ili pakhomo lotsatira. Komanso, alendowo ananena kuti ngakhale malo awa ndithu ali angathe kudzachita kukawona ngati izo akhoza zimachitika chiwerengero cha zinthu chidwi apaulendo Movutikira.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chimene zowoneka zochepa odziwika Tingaone kupita ku Veliky Novgorod. Rurik Pamudzi, yomwe inu mungakhoze kufika kwa Volkhov onse, ndi magalimoto - ndi malo ophiphiritsa, malo boma Russian, choncho pali wokwanira ulendo aliyense amene amaona mbiri ya dziko lake.