Radziwiłł Nkhani malemba, kuphunzira kufotokoza

Choyamba kudziwika nthawi wakale kwambiri komanso, ndi zina zazikulu, ndi radziwiłł amafotokoza. mndandanda onse zotsatira za "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" kwenikweni buku la izo.

The eni loyamba

Janusz Radziwill, Vilna kazembe ndi mkulu wa asilikali wa Grand Duchy la Lithuania anali mwini wake wa mpukutu m'zaka XVII. Kwenikweni, m'malo mwa Nkhani magnate banja izo nalo dzina lake. Malinga ndi kujambula pa mapeto a Mbiri, amadziwika kuti Yanushu Radzivillu lidaupereka Stanislav Zenovevich, nthumwi ya olemekezeka ndi zazing'ono, amene anali zolembedwa pamaso, monga zatsimikiziridwa ndi Zamkati mu m'mphepete. Atate Janusz, Kalonga wa Woyera Roma Boguslaw Radziwill, mu 1671 linafotokoza Nkhani mu laibulale Koenigsberg kumene anakumana mu 1715 ndipo analamula kuti achipatse Peter Ine (malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, mfumu inatumiza buku la 1711-m). Ndipo pamene mu 1761 mumzinda anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Russia, ndi amafotokoza chinatha ndi kusamutsidwa kwa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Choncho dzina chachiwiri, amene radziwiłł Nkhani - Königsberg, ku mzinda tinasunga m'zaka XVIII mpaka nthawi pamene, mu mawonekedwe a mpikisano wina anabwera kwa Russia, anatenga gawo mu zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri nkhondo. chikalata ichi ndi woyamba ndi kupatsa maganizo mbiri ya Russia ndi anansi ake kuchokera V kuti XIII atumwi. Zodabwitsa kufunika umboni yaikulu imeneyi mbiri.

Buku loyamba ndi mafanizo

Koma wapadera uwu ndi chakuti radziwiłł Nkhani - wamkulu ndi chimodzi chokha zokhudza nthawi chiyani, kapena nkhope (utoto nkhope) chikalata. Lili 618 ankapenta, kupereka, ngakhale zojambula ndi, timagwira wabwino wa chi. Koenigsberg Chronicle (wina amatchulidwa Nkhani dzina) ali mu mzere ndi zina zofanana European mbiri yakale amene konsekonse anazindikira katswiri dziko - Chibugariya Chronicle Konstantina Manassii, Hungary amafotokoza za m'ma XIV ndi wotchuka Grandes Chroniques de France. Ndipo zino radziwiłł Nkhani allocated kuchuluka ndi chuma mafanizo. Tikumbukenso kuti m'chikalata wapatali kwa nthawi yaitali kuli kwambiri anakhudzidwa, chifukwa mu m'mbali kukulumbutsuk anali nakonza, lawola binder linasintha kangapo.

Mbiri Vladimir-Suzdalian Nkhani nthambi

Malo chiyambi ndi kudalirika kwa Mbiri adakali kukhala mtsutso wosatha. Ruthenian chiyambi, mwina Smolensk, tsopano ndi lanzeru Rev. iey. Tsimikizani pawiri Belarus ndi Wamkulu-adverbs ndi tizithunzi, amene anamva Western chikoka European. Annals Radzivilovskaya pafupi kwambiri ku Moscow-maphunziro mndandanda Suzdal mbiri. chopereka ndi kusungidwa mu Moscow, pa State Library. Lenin.

Onse mipukutu kugwirizana yomanga Novgorod mpaka 1206, izo zikutsiriza nkhani gawo la bukuli kenaka Nkhani Moscow-maphunziro ndi lemba lina lomwe limalongosola mpaka 1419. Radziwiłł amafotokoza ndi chipilala wapatali, mwina linalembedwa m'zaka za zana XIII. Anakhalabe a m'mabuku awiri, akuti: leni Radzivilovskom ndi Moscow-maphunziro.

nkhani mbiri chiyani?

Radzivilovskaya Nkhani limatiuza za Igorya Svyatoslavovicha msonkhano, mmene anagwidwa ndi Konchak ndipo anathawa iye ndi Ovlur, kuitana Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Russian akalonga kulankhula Kanev. Ndinena izo za kuukira ndi Konchak Vladimir Glebovich, limafotokoza yokopa ndi Constantinople, nkhondo ndi Pechenegs ndi Polovtsy. Palinso magulu tributes, ndipo Ndemanga zina kuti tizithunzi losonyeza ntchito ulemerero wa akalonga Russian.

Mozungulira Koenigsberg Chronicle wosadalirika ambiri. Sizikudziwika pa amene pempho, ndi pomwe padalembedwa, ngati zithunzi ndi malemba ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Mbiri chikalata kapena falsification?

Mfundo yakuti wamkulu Nkhani radziwiłł Nkhani - zabodza, lolembedwa ndi ambiri. Ena mwa iwo amaonedwa kwambiri wosonyeza pepala Polish imene analemba Chronicle. Akusowa mapepala chikaiko, amalenga lemba masamu ndi bunched zojambula. Kenako maphunziro anasonyeza kuti zolembedwa ankalamulidwa katatu konse, ndi pakati pa nthawi wachiwiri ndi wachitatu anali ndithu nthawi ndithu nthawi. Chithunzicho lachitatu makamaka aukali: anasintha aima ndi zovala za anthu ankapenta lapansi. zinsinsi zambiri zachititsa zovala motsimikizira European, imene Russia pa nthawi izo sizikanakhala. Apa pali chinachake awo ndipo amatamanda ndi pravschiku lachitatu. Mwachidule, kubadwa Königsberg Mbiri zinsinsi zambiri ndi mikangano. Koma njira kafukufuku panopa nthawi zonse, ndipo tsiku lina choonadi chovumbulutsidwa. Fans kuti kulilembanso mbiri, ndi yabodza kwa zolinga zawo yochepa nthawizonse wakhala zokwanira.

"Omwe" Rurik - ngakhale Norman kapena English kapena Swedish kapena Dutch

Tsopano pali nkhani zambirimbiri za chifukwa rusichi woitanidwa kuti adzalamulira ngati alendo ndi adawayitana konse. mwina zonyoza uchabe munthu zopindulitsa amasonyeza Russian wopusa, ndi kupyola mu mibadwo. Radziwiłł amafotokoza ntchito Normandy limati. Ndipo ndi ena chikaiko ake sanali chinkhoswe. Akatswiri ena, amene sindimakonda mfundo kutchula alendo kulamulira, iwo amati, kunena VN Tatishcheva kuti Rurik anali Chisilavo ndi ambiri olankhula chinenero Asilavo. Ena amadabwa chifukwa VN Tatischev, industrialists ndi chuma, ndipo ngakhale mbadwa ya Rurik, ntchito pa mbiriyakale ya Russia anapatsidwa. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti mfundo chambirimbiri mystified ake.