Saimensky njira. Nyanja Saimaa. Vyborg Bay. cruises mtsinje

Saimaa Ngalande (ulitsa zotsatirazi zikuthandizani wowerenga kumvetsa ndi malo ake) - ngalande yodutsira pakati pa Gulf wa Vyborg (Russia) ndi Nyanja Saimaa (Finland). Tsegulani malo ichi mu 1856. The utali wonse anali 57,3 Km, umene Russia akugwirizira 34 Km ndi Finland - 23,3 Km.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Zoyesayesa woyamba kugwirizanitsa Gulf wa Finland ndi Nyanja Saimaa anali kucitika mu 1500 ndi 1511 ankalemekeza Kazembe wa Vyborg Eric Turesonom Belke. Ulendo wotsatira anapangidwa mu 1600, pa nthawi imene notches ziwiri kale, koma kuti zonse zatha. Kale mu ulamuliro wa Catherine Wamkulu anapereka dongosolo latsopano - ngati mtsinje Vuoksi zikugwirizana Nyanja Saimaa kwa Nyanja Ladoga, ndi mwachidwi, kumanga ngalande ndi kumachilambalala Imatra. Komabe, ndalama kwambiri zimene zinkayenera kuti ntchito pa ntchito imeneyi, zachititsa kuti kukana kubweretsa dongosolo mu kuphedwa. Mu 1826 pa msonkhano wa mzinda makhoti Karelia ndi Savolax anaganiza kutumiza Kagulu ka anthu wamba ku St. Petersburg kwa Mfumu iye kuti kugwirizana Nyanja District ndi mizinda mwa nyanja. Kulandira ndi kumvetsera ziwanga, Nicholas Ine analamula kuti zofufuza kutero. Komabe, chuma chenicheni sanapezeke, mogwirizana ndi izi alibe anayamba kuika njira. Nthawi yotsatira nkhani yomwe inayambika Bwanamkubwa wa Vyborg mu August Ramsay mu 1834. Njira ya Pankhaniyi anapereka Kazembe L. F. Hartmann (Mutu wa maulendowa Financial) ndi Prince Menshikov. Mu mzinda wa Vyborg anapanga komiti kuti amanena ndipo kambiranani polojekiti. Maphunziro koyamba ife ndi oitanidwa odziwika Swedish injiniya. Motero, ntchito zake zinasonyeza kuti madzi nyanjayi pamwamba pa nyanja ndi 256 mapazi, ndipo mtengo wa malowa adzakhala rubles mamiliyoni atatu. Kuchuluka chofunika wakhala allocated pang'onopang'ono pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu.

Choncho, mu 1845 ntchito yomanga inayamba. Mu ndondomeko yawo ya Swedish injiniya Nils Eriksson wapanga ena patsogolo dongosolo njira. Poyamba, mutu wa kampani inayake ya zomangamanga anali Baron Karl Rosenkampf, amene kum'patsa dzina lakuti "Baron njira." Komabe, mu 1846 anamwalira, ndipo m'malo mwa Major General Stjernvall. ntchito yonseyi anali kuyendetsedwa ndi chuma cha Finland. The mtengo okwana anali miliyoni 12,4 Chifinishi zizindikiro. The utali wonse wa zomangamanga - 54,5 mailosi makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu zipata lubwe anamangidwira pa gawo lino.

Tinamanga ndipo anamanga, ndipo potsiriza anamanga ...

August 26, 1856 kunali kutsegulidwa waukulu wa nyumbayi. Iwo anali yotsegula kwa coronation wa Mfumu Alexander II. Finland amanyadira Saimaa Ngalande, amene anathandiza kuti m'madera m'chipululu cha dziko. Iye anapereka wapadera chithumwa pristine kukongola kwa chilengedwe. Pa magombe a zizindikiro ngalande chikumbutso lolembedwa izo unakhazikitsidwa pa Swedish ndi Russian zinenero, amene kutchulidwa zisudzo onse nawo chilengedwe cha nyumba imeneyi. Yomanga zichitike choyambirira kwambiri mtima, anapatsidwa kuti kusiyana mu mlingo wa madzi zikugwirizana bwanji ikuyenda mwa njira mofulumira kwambiri.

Kutsegula zinachitika zaka zinayi m'mbuyomo kuposa anakonza. Mbali ina ya ntchito iyi ya mtengo wotsika umenewu kuchuluka yaikulu ntchito. Apa, zinthu zotsatirazi unachita: kuona mtima ndi khama la Ngopambana Chifinishi, komanso mtengo wotsika ntchito, chifukwa panali akaidi makamaka mtsikana.

mtengo njira

Saimaa Ngalande unali wofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha dera limeneli. Chiwerengero cha Karelia ndi Savolax potsiriza kumasuka ku kudalira yekha chuma pa madoko akutali a Nyanja Ladoga ndi Gulf wa Bothnia (mbali kumpoto). Ubwino ntchito yomanga imeneyi akhoza kukhala chofunika koposa ngati Ngopambana ntchito anatha kuthetsa alowererepo odzikonda a modutsa wamalonda a. Choncho, chifukwa choopa kutaya okhawo awo mu malonda, iwo mumadabwa ndi kudutsa njira zina anaonetsetsa kuti mphamvu pachipata zambiri. Chifukwa, ziwiya zonse chikuyenda motere ayenera thupi m'lifupi osapitirira asanu mamita. Apo ayi, katundu onsewa transshipped mu Vyborg woyenera yemweyo amafuna zombo. Mu njira iyi, Makampani angapo wamalonda kupereka chambiri zogulitsa kunja. Ndipo, monga Motero, Saimaa Ngalande ku Vyborg anataya zambiri za kufunika kwake pa chitukuko cha deralo. Komabe, pambuyo pake, pamene ntchito yomanga nyumba imeneyi m'lifupi pachipata kwambiri kuchuluka.

Nyanja Saimaa mu chisanadze chosintha atsogoleri Russian

Mu 1870 anatulukira mwa utumiki zonyamula njanji pakati St. Petersburg ndi Helsinki. mwambo uwu wapangidwa kupezeka kwa malo onse okongola kwambiri kum'mwera Finland. kulankhulana Railway wapereka kutsogolera zatsopano citukuko ca Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba ndi dera lonse loyandikira. Pali anayamba kutuluka midzi anamanga pogwiritsa ndi zolemba zatsiku, anaika Misewu yolumikiza ndi m'midzi yosiyanasiyana ndi sitima. A mbali yaikulu mu chitukuko atsopano a dera ili ankaimba Saimaa Ngalande. Tsopano, iye anatumikira osati pa chitukuko ubale malonda. Cruises zatchuka mu Finland ku Lake Saimaa ndi mathithi Imatra. Choncho, malo awa itayamba kugwa mu mabuku Russian amene akufotokoza manda chikhalidwe cha deralo. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali mabuku umalimbana ndi popularization zokhudza dera ndi kulimbikitsa zokonda zake, komanso kupanga fano latsopano. Inakhazikitsa atsogoleri wapadera ofotokoza za Saimaa Ngalande ndi m'madera. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi mfundo pa maulendo magalimoto, maofesi positi, ndandanda wa zombo ndi sitima, nkhani Map, komanso kumene ganyu akavalo, pogwiritsa ndi spas, ndi zambiri. Zonsezi ndi umboni chakuti pamaso zitasintha, mfundo za chinthu monga chidwi zokopa za Finland wakhala bwino kudziwika. Ulendo mwa Saimaa Ngalande m'njira okonda panja.

Dziko moyo limene linali m'madzi

Analeredwa loyamba anayamba kuoneka pano mu nthawi ya zomangamanga. Ndime Channel kuti anali mu ntchito boma anali chokongoletsedwa ndi kakwamba, iyo inasonyeza kuwalimbikitsa kuti kubwereketsa m'dziko renti kapena kumanga zing'onozing'ono. Kuwonjezera lokongola, zosangalatsa kutchuka m'deralo anathandiza kuti kulankhulana bwino operekedwa ndi ziwiya galimoto chinkhoswe mu cruises mtsinje ndipo popitapita pa waterway izi. Ndipo posakhalitsa anthu olemera a Vyborg ndi St. Petersburg, anamanga kugombe kuti njira Nuyamaa nyanja. Mu Ryattiyarvi anali Villa zapamwamba a Minister okhonda Russian Von Giersu. Linamangidwa ndi mmodzi mwa akatswiri amene anagwira nawo ntchito yomanga linali m'madzi. zing'onozing'ono kwambiri anaima zomangamanga awo, iwo anakometsedwa ndi nsanja, makonde, ziboliboli, iwo anali atazunguliridwa ndi minda manicured yaikulu ndi gazebos ndi zipilalapo. Mayina a nyumba ndi chikondi, komanso nkhope zawo zakunja, "Runolinna", "Rauhantaranta", "Onnela", "Iloranta" ... Kuuza kwa malo m'dera lino anali kwambiri moti wakhala kopindulitsa kumanga kwa lendi. Saimaa Ngalande nthawi kuti si analeredwa wotchuka, komanso minda ikuluikulu. dzina la Lavola yotchuka kwambiri awa ali, a mtundu Cheseff ndipo inali mkamwa mwa chinthu. Manor ndi analeredwa kupanga gulu loyimba zokongola kwambiri, zinkakhalira apa zinali zosangalatsa, mayiko. Mtsinje cruises, zoimbaimba, maulendo nayenda enlivened moyo pagulu, limatithandiza tchuthi zambiri zidindo ndi ndalama mwayi m'deralo. Komabe, pambuyo ulimi wa moyo dziko analowa kuchepa, ndipo pamodzi nacho Saimaa Ngalande. Tours pa ndi saperekanso mu Bohemia Russian.

zopinga antitank

Zolinga za General Wogwila Finland ankhondo mu mmasate za m'ma otsiriza, thupi ili la madzi ankaona ngati njira zotheka kukonza chakudya asilikali. Malinga ndi dongosolo ankayembekezera nkhondo kuganizira pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Ndipo kotero, mu 1939, inafotokoza kuti njira sangakhale m'dera limene nkhondowo pa ntchito owonjezera mwamsanga. Zinali cholepheretsa kudzera njira kwambiri. Choncho anali kugwiritsa ntchito mu odana ndi chitetezo. Zotsatira zinali zomvetsa anasefukira m'madera ambiri m'dera la nyanja ndi Kyarstila Lyukyulya ventel. Malo okwana madera anasefukira sate-faifi makilomita lalikulu. Mu nthawi ya 1941-1944 njira mu maudani sanali nawo.

kubwezeretsa navigation

Chifukwa chakuti pangano mtendere anakhazikitsa pakati Soviet Union ndi Finland, anasiya Vyborg Bay mu dera la USSR, ndi mawonekedwe pakati njira pawiri, iye nthaŵi anasiya kugwira ntchito. Mu unawonongedwa nthawi kuti resumption a navigation chofunika osati kugwira ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi zipangizo dilapidated, komanso kukwaniritsa pangano amgwirizano pa ntchito ya thupi ili madzi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'magazini ino analeredwa mu 1948 koma nduna intergovernmental zokambirana linayamba mu 1954. Mu pangano la Soviet Union anasiya gulu la akatswiri Chifinishi kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha waterway lapansi. Akatswiri amanenanso kuti njira mtsinje pa gawo Soviet ndi yabwino ndithu adzabwezeretse navigation pa iwo. Komabe, ntchito m'dera limeneli inayamba zaka khumi ndi zitatu pambuyo mbali ziwiri anafika akamakambirana nkhani yobwereka. Mu 1968, kukonzanso anamaliza. M'kupita kwa anali kukodzedwa kwambiri mphamvu bandiwifi ya zipinda loko.

Sitima - The Saimaa Ngalande

Lappeenranta - spa tauni Finland. Chikoka cha kwapatsidwa mwa Zakudya nyanja, pa gombe limene iye, ndi Saimaa Ngalande. Ulendowu ndi boti ku matupi a madzi - chinthu chokha chimene amakopa alendo ochokera Russia. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, iyi ndi imodzi yokha mu Russian kumtunda waterway kudzera amene zombo mukhoza kupita makampani akunja. Zombo zonyamula chinkhoswe pa cruises mtsinje, onyamula alendo a ku Russian Federation ndi Finland. Poyamba, malinga ndi mgwirizano wa 1963, anthu m'basimo kufika ku Finland kwa dziko lathu, ali ndi ufulu kulowa chitupa cha visa chikapezeka-free. Komabe, ndi inalowa la Republic kwa Schengen mgwirizano, panganoli yayimitsidwa. Tsopano, okwera ayenera kupeza zikalata. Komabe, iwo akufunika Koma ngati ngati chombo pa dziko Russia Mwachitsanzo, ookedwa awo maulendo kuti Vyborg. Ngati sitima boti ku Finland sakuphatikizapo akapita ku madoko Russian, palibe chitupa cha visa chikapezeka chofunika. Mwachitsanzo, Sitima "Christina Brahe" adzakhala kudutsa malire a dziko lathu, kupanga ndege pakati Lappeenranta ndi Helsinki, ndipo ngalawa "Karelia" - pakati Vyborg ndi Lappeenranta.

Kuyenda mwa maso a alendo ndi

N'zokayikitsa kuti ambiri zaka adzakhala ngati ndege zimafika. Ndipotu Finns, amene mukufuna kuona kuona wa Saimaa Ngalande, osati kwambiri, ndi alendo athu ngakhale zochepa. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti njira ya tikiti ndi pafupifupi zaka sate yuro. ulendowu mtengo ndalama.

Njira m'litali ndi makilomita makumi atatu koma chifukwa cha zipata zitatu. Pamene zombo Saimaa Ngalande chililaka woyamba wa iwo - ndi chidwi. Komabe, pa chipata lachitatu kamayamba kukula kuyabwa, ndipo sangathe kudikira chitatu, pamene izo kale pa, koma chidwi. BWATO umalandira positi malire Nuiyamaa akuyamba afufuze zikalata. Choona chidwi ndi malo chikuphatikizidwa - galimoto ndi madzi. Ngati inu nokha pa sitima imene kampani la alendo Chifinishi, ife asasanyika chakuti kawirikawiri zinthu ngati ambiri a ku Russia: kuyamba kutenga zakumwa amphamvu pamaso chombo masamba ogona. Alendo ambiri mwapadera tikiti kuti sitima ndi kufotokoza kuti m'chombocho pali sitolo "udindo ufulu". Ngati ife kuganizira mfundo yakuti mu Finland ndi napryazhenka mowa, khalidwe n'zomveka ndithu. Pa maphunziro ambiri akumwa amazikhulupirira mwachabe kuyesera Atchule anthu ku nkhani ya ngalande, maloko ndi zokopa zina. Ndipo pali yemweyo, zimene kuwona - njira ndi wokongola kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pafupi Vyborg mtanda milatho m'malo okwezeka - njanji ndi msewu. machitidwe onse navigation anamanga pa zipilala lubwe ndi poyera pa zilumba. Mbali ya njira chosema mu thanthwe, mbali inayo mokoma mumbali magombe mchenga ndi boulders. Pamodzi njira limakula nkhalango zowirira, amene osakaniza ndi miyala mitundu kukongola kwambiri. Mbali Russian kwathunthu kuthetsedwa, pafupi Vyborg akadali inadza kwake kopanda, kenako ali m'chipululu. Yekha tikuyamba malo - m'dera malire kumene njira akudutsa pa Lappeenranta. Ndithu chithunzi pandunji pa gawo Chifinishi: kuno midzi zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo pambuyo ulendo. Mu Lappeenranta dera, asanafike pachipata otsiriza, doko yaikulu waterway ichi - Saimaa osachiritsika. Pali ikuchitika potsegula / katundu ngalawa yonyamula katundu. Akatundu ali makamaka ku mbali Russian - mpaka tonnes miliyoni pa chaka.

nyanja Saimaa

Pamene chombo chililaka pachipata otsiriza, izo zifika ku Saimaa nyanja. Chinthu choyamba inu ndi maganizo - ndi lalikulu kwambiri zamkati ndi pepala mphero. woperekeza monyadira limatiuza kuti pali anthu oposa awiri ndi theka zikwi. Kuti ndi "chozizwitsa" wa zofunkha chitukuko kuganiza kwa ulendo, ndi kumalepheretsa Lappeenranta kupeza udindo zonse alendo. Ndipotu, kampani, ngakhale zida ndi zipangizo zamakono mankhwala, komabe tani lotayako zinyalala mu nyanja madzi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zosafunika kwa kusambira mu utali wozungulira wa makilomita zingapo. Ndipo kodi chidwi kwambiri timabuku alendo kanthu ponena za kukhalapo kwa mbewu pano. Koma si onse: kutsogolo kwa mbewu ya Confectionery fakitale, amenenso amapanga kukhuthula m'nyanja, n'zosadabwitsa ndi m'dera la kumalo a ntchito kwathunthu yokutidwa ndi udzu. Ndipo apa, oddly mokwanira, waukulu alendo zovuta lili - "Huhtiniemi" - ndi hotelo chilimwe "Karelia-Park". Pafupi "mpanda" ndi fakitale maswiti mtengo wina kwambiricho - "Saimaa". N'zoona kuti iye amayang'ana ena kuzimiririka, m'chipululu, ngati sakonda kusunga yomwe m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono a Map Soviet-nyengo. Palinso gombe ndi choonadi, kuti apeze madzi, adzakhala ndi kugonjetsa m'nkhalango busa kapena kuyesa pochitika pa mlatho wapadera, zomwe, mwa njira, wosweka mbali yapakati koma pambuyo kutulukira winawake bwino kuika bolodi. Pano pali ena achisangalalo!

Lappeenranta

Chokopa chachikulu cha Lappeenranta ndi Manda a Chikumbutso, omwe ali pakati pa mzinda. Pano mukhoza kuona manda a asilikali omwe adafa mu 1939-1940 ndi 1941-1944. Ndipo chomwe chiri chokhumba kwambiri, maliro onse ali payekha, palibe maliro a abale. Kumanda kuli chipilala kwa asilikali, omwe anaitanidwa kuchokera ku gawo la Karelian Isthmus (lero ndi gawo la Russian Federation). Zili ndi magawo awiri - ziboliboli ndi mbale zomwe zili ndi mayina a mayiko ndi mayina a asilikali, mwazinthu zina, pakati pawo palinso a Russia. Makamaka ambiri mwa amwenye Teriyok (Zelenogorsk). Kunena zoona, palibe zochitika pano. Mzindawu uli ndi mawonekedwe amakono, osungidwa bwino ndi osamangidwanso nthawi zonse. Pali chinthu china chofunika kwambiri kuchita kumeneko. Usiku, Lappeenrante akugona, masitolo onse atsekedwa, mungathe kupeza zida zogulitsa hamburgers ndi zakudya zina zofanana. Pano, ngakhale nyumba yosungiramo sitima imatsekedwa mpaka 7 koloko m'mawa. Kudutsa mumisewu yopanda kanthu, kumamveka chifukwa chake Finns "ikutha" m'dziko lathu.

Imatra

Mzindawu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi Lappeenranta, mbiri yake ndi yochepa kwambiri. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1948 ndipo chiri pafupi kwambiri ndi malire ndi Russia kuti makompyuta apakompyuta akugwidwa pano. Mzinda wa Imatra mumtsinje wa Vuoksa. Makampani aakulu a mzinda uwu ndi plant metallurgical ndi magetsi oyendetsa magetsi. Komabe, mosiyana ndi Lappeenranta, palibe malo ogulitsa mafakitale pamphepete mwa nyanja. Pali zipilala ziwiri zapadera pano: zoyamba zimaperekedwa ku chitsulo, ndipo chachiŵiri - kuchirikizidwa ndi mzere wa mphamvu. Chikoka chachikulu cha alendo ndi chimbudzi cha Imatrakoski. Asanayambe kumanga kampani yosungirako madzi, zinali zachibadwa, nthawi zisanayambe zowonongeka, anthu a ku Russia omwe ankakonda kubwera kuno ndikuyamikira mathithi. Tsopano apa madzi akuyikidwa pa nthawi, izi ndizo "zovuta" za Imatra. Chikoka chachiwiri ndi Crown Park, yomwe ili pa chilumba chomwe chimasiyanitsa Vuoksi wakale ndi malo ogona. Pakiyo inakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la Emperor Nicholas I, amene adalamula kuti mapulaneti ndi madera ake asasinthe. Mzinda wa Imatra uli wokongola kwambiri kwa okaona kuposa Lappeenrante, pali mahoteli amakono, malo osangalatsa, ndipo okonda nsomba adzakhala ndi mwayi wodalirika wokhala ndi nthawi yosaiwalika m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Saimaa.

Saimaa Canal: nsomba

Kusodza panyanja kumakhala bwino chaka chonse. Mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba ndi pike, nsomba, nyanja ya salimoni, nyanjayi. Anthu ammudzi samalowetsa nsomba, ngakhale kuti pano phokoso limatuluka pamtunda, a Finns mwanjira ina saigwiritsira ntchito chakudya. Alendo ambiri amazitenga ku Russia. Kumapeto kwa kutchera kasupe kumaperekedwa bwino ndi nsomba ndi nsomba. Pike imagwidwa chaka chonse. Kuonjezerapo, pali zambiri zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa gombe, sizili zophweka kudziwa komwe nsombayo yabisala. Komabe, nsodzi wanzeru nthawi zonse amabwerera kuchokera ku Saima ndi nsomba zabwino. Chilengedwe apa ndi choyera komanso chosasunthika, chokhazikitsa mtendere, chimayesetsa kusinkhasinkha ndi kulingalira. Udzakhala ndi tchuthi losangalatsa kwambiri!