Scott Fitzgerald: yonena ndi zilandiridwenso

Kodi iye amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito kwa Frensis Skott Fitsdzherald? Buku wolemba amafananadi ndi mbiri yake, nyamuka wanzeru ndi mapeto omvetsa chisoni chimapangitsa izo zikuwoneka ngati ngwazi mmodzi wa mabuku a "The Jazz Age".

Childhood ndi unyamata

Frensis Skott Fitsdzherald anabadwa mu 1896 mu mzinda wa St. Paul State Minnesota. Makolo ake analephera wamalonda ku Maryland ndi mwana wa olemera wakale Pat. Panali banja kukuchitika chifukwa choti ndalama makolo olemera mayi. Wolemba tsogolo anaphunzira pa sukulu ya mumzinda wakwawo, kenako payekha sukulu Katolika ku New Jersey ndipo pa University Princeton.

Bwino maphunziro a F. Scott Fitzgerald sanafune. tcheru yunivesite, choyamba cha zonse, anakopeka wabwino timu ya mpira ndi chibonga, "Triangle", kumene anakumana ophunzira kumulakalaka zisudzo.

Chifukwa cha ntchito osauka, wolemba tsogolo anaphunzira ndipo osati teremu. Iye anasiya sukulu, anati odwala, ndipo kenako anadzipereka kwa asilikali. Monga wachiŵiri kwa General George. A. Ryan, Francis anasankha ntchito zabwino asilikali, koma m'chipatala mu 1919.

Bwino loyamba

anali munthu wotani Scott Fitzgerald? Wambiri ya wolemba amakhala makamaka chidwi pamene wakumana mkazi wakeyu Zelda Sayre. Iye anachokera ku banja otchuka ndi olemera ndipo anali ndi enviable mkwatibwi. Komabe, makolo ake anali ndi ukwati ndi mwana wamkazi wa asilikali wakale. Ku ukwati zinachitika, mnyamatayu anapeza kuti pa mapazi awo ndi kukhala yodalirika.

Pambuyo kumaliseche kwa asilikali, Scott Fitzgerald anapita ku New York ndipo ndinayamba kugwira ntchito mu bungwe malonda. Sataya loto kupanga kulemba amoyo ndi mwachangu amatumiza pamanja ofalitsa osiyanasiyana, koma anakanidwa ndi. Kwambiri nkhawa mndandanda wa zokhumudwitsa, wolemba wabwerera kunyumba kwa makolo ake ndipo akupitiriza pa zosinthidwa za buku, umene unalembedwa ngakhale pa usilikali.

buku limeneli, "Achikondi Egoist", anakanidwa ndi wofalitsa kuti Kulephera kochititsa, koma pempho kusintha. Mu 1920 anafalitsa buku loyamba Fitzgerald amatchedwa "tsidya lino la Paradaiso" limene ndi atsopanowa "chikondi egoist". Roman afika kutchuka yaikulu ndi pamaso pa wolemba wamng'ono anatsegula zitseko za ofalitsa onse. kupambana Financial limachititsa kukwatira Zelda.

The heyday ulemerero

Scott Fitzgerald anayamba mabuku ngati mvula yamphamvu. "Kukongola ndi watsoka", buku wake wachiwiri, linatuluka mu 1922, analenga furor nakhala bestseller. Zosonkhanitsa nkhani lalifupi, "The Libertines ndi Philosophy" (1920) ndipo "ankanena Century wa Jazz" (1922) anathandiza kukhala pamwamba. Ankalandira nkhani wolemba magazini mafashoni ndi manyuzipepala ndipo anali mmodzi wa olemba apamwamba analipira a nthawi.

Francis ndi Zelda

"M'badwo wa Jazz" - kuti ndi dzina makumi ndi dzanja kuwala kwa wolemba. Ndipo Francis ndi Zelda anakhala mfumu ndi mfumukazi ya nthawi iyi. Ndalama ndi kutchuka chabe anagwa iwo pa nthawi imodzi, ndipo anyamata msanga poyerekezera zonse miseche.

The angapo nthawi zonse chisoni poyera khalidwe lake eccentric. Mu mbiri zawo mokwanira amachita kuti yaitali sanali adzatsika kuchokera masamba a manyuzipepala ndi mwamphamvu takambirana. Kamodzi odyera Zelda utoto peonies pa zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka ndipo anapanga zojambula oposa mazana atatu. mwambo umenewu wakhala mitu kukambirana nawo pa nthawi yaitali. Koma panali zifukwa ndi enieni. Mwachitsanzo, banja chinapululutsa kudzera Manhattan pa ntsoyi ya galimoto.

Ambiri kambirana ndi mofulumira lachinsinsi la banja kwa masiku 4. Iwo anapezeka kumwa motelo wotchipa, ndipo palibe munthu anakhoza kumbukirani momwe iwo ali kumeneko. Pa kuyamba kwa "zoipa" Francis anavula wamaliseche. Zelda pagulu ankasamba mu kasupe.

Ataledzera Scott Fitzgerald anaopseza kuti kulumpha pawindo monga buku wamkulu kale olembedwa - "Ulysses" ndi James Joyce. Zelda anaponya poyera yekha mu ndege masitepe mu malo odyera, mkazi nsanje kwa Isadora Duncan. Chifukwa cha zidule ofanana banja anali mu adzitengere ulamuliro, iwo zikuchititsa, iwo osiririka.

Europe

Ndi moyo ngati Fitzgerald sanathe kumvetsa ntchito. Banja kugulitsa nyumba yake mu 1924 ndipo anasamukira ku France kumene adzakhala ndi moyo mpaka 1930. The Riviera mu 1925. Francis wamaliza wake buku langwiro kwambiri "The Great Gatsby", omwe lero ndi chimodzi mwa katswiri wa zapamwamba American. Mu 1926 pakubwera lanyimbo ndi "chisoni anyamata."

Kuyambira 1925 ayamba kugwa kwa moyo wolembayo. Iye kunadetsa kuledzera zoipa ndi maganizo. Khalidwe Zelda wake udzakhala kunadetsa zachilendo, chimachitika clouding maganizo ake. Kuyambira 1930 akulandira thandizo akuchita misala ku zipatala zosiyanasiyana koma chifukwa si umabweretsa.

Hollywood

Mu 1934 Scott Fitzgerald limafalitsa buku "Mtima ndi usiku," koma si zimapindulitsa. Ndiye Kafotokozedwe kuti Hollywood. Iye anasokoneza ndi kusakhutira ndi iyemwini, kuti iye anamwaza unyamata wake ndi luso. Wolemba ntchito ngati wolemba payekha ndipo amayesetsa kuti apeze ndalama zokwanira kuti mwana wake ndi kusamalira matenda a mkazi wake. Mu 1939 anayamba kulemba buku lake atsopano za Hollywood moyo kuti sadzatha kumaliza.

Mu 1940, zaka zaka 44, Francis afa ndi matenda a mtima. Ndalama zake ndi sadzachitanso zokwanira repatriation ndi maliro. Zelda akafa chipatala cha amisala kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo chifukwa cha moto.

Pambuyo pa imfa yake yomaliza yosatha buku lake linasindikizidwa ndi ntchito kale kusintha malamulo. Fitzgerald wakhala anazindikira monga tingachipeze powerenga za mabuku amene kukufotokozedwa mwangwiro nthawi yake, "M'badwo wa Jazz".

Kunena

"Mbali ya Paradaiso" - buku kupeza nokha. The protagonist apita, kubwereza moyo wa Fitzgerald, kanthawi maphunziro Princeton, anatumikira mu ankhondo, akakumana ndi mtsikana amene sanathe kukwatira chifukwa cha umphawi.

Buku "Kukongola ndi watsoka" amatiuza kanthu za moyo wa banja, ndipo kachiwiri wolemba amatanthauza moyo wake zinachitikira. "Ataye Generation" - ana a mabanja olemera amene sangathe kupeza okha ndi cholinga ndi kutsogolera moyo ulesi.

"The Great Gatsby" si unakhala wotchuka pa moyo wolembayo, buku limeneli ndi kuyamikiridwa mu makumi asanu ndi. Buku limanena za mwana wa mlimi wosauka mu chikondi ndi mtsikana anthu mkulu. Kupambana mtima wa wokongola, Gatsby amapezera ndalama zambiri ndipo amakhala moyandikana ndi wokondedwa wake ndi mwamuna wake, ndi kulowa mnzawo, bungwe maphwando zapamwamba. Buku mwatsatanetsatane moyo wa wolemera mu "wobuma makumi" ndi kugwa abwino. Ilo liri mu chikhalidwe chimenechi chinali Frensis Skott Fitsdzherald. Otsutsa anaika buku lachiwiri mwa mabuku bwino Chingelezi zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Ngati nkhani zina, "Mtima Kodi Night", ngakhale kuti si kubwereza, koma amafananadi ndi moyo wolembayo. The protagonist, ndi za maganizo, kukwatira wodwalayo kwa anthu olemera. Iwo amakhala pa gombe la Riviera, pamene munthu ali kuphatikiza udindo wa mwamuna ndi udindo wa dokotala.

"The Tycoon Otsiriza 'ndi za dziko la mafilimu a kanema American. Bukhu sanamalize.