Shilka Mtsinje - makhalidwe chachikulu ndi Ndalama

Mmodzi wa waukulu kumanzere makhwawa Amur - Zabaikal'skii mtsinje shilka - popangidwa ndi kusakaniza ndi Ingoda Onon. Izo zikuchitika m'dera Amazarskogo Shilka ndi ranges osiyana ndi maonekedwe mofulumira.

madera

Mkuluyu malangizo a mtsinje - kumpoto, kum'mawa. Only kumapeto, iye molimba akutembenukira kum'mawa. Kutalika ndi 560 Km yaitali - kuchokera 40 200 m, ndi catchment m'dera - 206 zikwi makilomita ^{2 ..} Shilka akutambasula pakati m'tsinde mwa mapiri, apo Akuthawa mtsinje, chimene chinapanga chigwa yaing'ono. Malire chapamwamba mtsinje zimaonetsa ambiri mathithi ndi mathithi.

Shilka akudyetsedwa mwa mitsinje ambiri yaing'ono, imene pali za makumi asanu ndi awiri. The kwambiri pakati pawo - Kara, Kureng, ChaCha, Black. Koma tributary yaikulu ya Shilka Mtsinje lili kumanzere - izo Nercha amene amatuluka Shilka nthambi zingapo ndipo ali kutalika 580 Km.

hydrology

Shilka Mtsinje beseni Water boma lili ndi chinthu chake - nthawi chigumula masiku 120-130. Total kwa chaka kungakhale kwa madzi osefukira 8 mpaka 12. Ena mwa iwo, monga momwe anali superimposed pa wina ndi mzake, ndipo akhoza mpaka miyezi 3. The pazipita mlingo madzi kusinthasintha mu Shilka anati kwa 12,5 m. The mtsinje ndi 80% ya madzi a mvula, komanso zimathandiza kuti kusungunuka chisanu ndi madzi anasefukira ambiri makhwawa. Kwambiri pachaka (masiku 200) Shilka Mtsinje akugwirizira pansi ayezi, ndiyotani pakuchotsa kwathunthu yekha ndi May.

Biota

Shilka pamodzi Inde ambiri mukukhala mitunda phiri nayonso, lililonse kwa East Trans-Baikal. Youma udzu forb steppes pamodzi ndi East Siberia phiri nayonso. Mu mmunsi awo osakhala dothi mgoza ndi dothi wakuda waikamo pamwamba. Otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa mapiri pamalo okwera za 1000 mamita alimbane ndi dothi imvi nkhalango.

The zomera ambiri steppe woyendera nthambi ndi nthenga, Zmeevka, thyme, acaulescent bloodroot ndi ena. The malo boreal amachuluka paini, birch, larch, mkungudza. Pankhaniyi, ambiri a mbali kumpoto kwa malo otsetsereka okutidwa ndi mitengo chowala larch, ndi kum'mwera ali makamaka paini nkhalango. Mkungudza lingapezeke pamwamba m'dera phiri nayonso.

Shilka Mtsinje pafupifupi lonse atazunguliridwa ndi ovuta miyala, mitengo ndi zitsamba kotero thickly inamera zigwa zonse, kumene njira osachepera pang'ono kukodzedwa ndi otaya amakhala wamtendere. zomera amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwambiri.

Pamwamba pansi ndi osiyanasiyana wokutidwa ndi timiyala ndi boulders pa mtsinje mathithi choncho pafupipafupi, Ayala, mabowo ndipo ngakhale mathithi. Izi zikachitika bwino zosiyanasiyana nsomba. Mu zambiri miyoyo Shilka beluga, Nsombazi, nsomba, chum nsomba ndi mumapezeka nsomba. Imodzi mwa malo olemera nsomba imatengedwa mtsinje Shilka. Bweretsani kwambiri nsomba mu mtsinje oyera ndi ozizira phiri makhwawa, monga Unda, Delyun, bots ndi zambiri.

kufunika zachuma

Ngati mitsinje yambiri mu Far East, Shilka n'kofunika ngati njira zoyendera. Ndi yodutsira pafupifupi m'litali lonse. Komabe, chifukwa chiwerengero chachikulu likupezeka mu mtsinje sills ndi mlingo mkulu otaya kutumiza zimavuta. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, nthawizina pali zosokoneza ya masiku 15. Ambiri a chitukuko cha navigation ku malire m'munsi - kuchokera mkamwa mzinda Sretensk. The mtsinje chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze matabwa rafting. Navigation kumatenga 160 mpaka 180 masiku.

Komanso, gwero mokwanira lalikulu mphamvu ndi mtsinje Shilka. Trans-Baikal Gawo amatha yopangira mamiliyoni kilowatts magetsi wotchipa likuvutika m'gawo lake lili ku mitsinje yaikuluikulu. Development wa hydropower ndi vuto lalikulu la kasamalidwe madzi m'derali.

Mofanana kwambiri ndi Shilka ndi makhwawa wake ndi nsomba. Pa spawning nsomba ku Amur kupita shoals, kukwera kwa malo spawning ku malire chapamwamba cha mitsinje phiri.

midzi yapafupi analengedwa zinthu zabwino yolandirira alendo ambiri, omwe ndi wokongola zisakuyenda Far East. Photo Shilka Mtsinje chake m'mphepete miyala, amenewa zigwa ndi expanses lalikulu limene iye majestically amanyamula madzi - izo zonse chidwi kwambiri ndi zochititsa chidwi.