Brown nthaka, katundu wawo ndi gulu

Mgoza kuitana ngati nthaka chikhalidwe mapangidwe amene ali steppes youma. Kodi katundu wa dothi mgoza ngati iwo anapanga, zimene zafala, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Kodi ndi mmene kupanga dothi mgoza?

Malo chiyambi ndi steppes youma ndi nyengo louma, mvula otsika, mkulu mlingo wa evaporation. Mgoza dothi anapanga pansi zomera ochepa, choncho sod ndondomeko ndi underdeveloped poyerekezera ndi dziko lapansi m'dera wakuda. Zikhalidwe za moistening zimadalira m'mene ofooka kapena amphamvu ndondomeko sod adzalamulira.

More kwambiri mawu a zigawo zake kumpoto yodziwika ndi mabacteria kumene penipeni pa ikuchitika dothi kwambiri wolemera mu humus - woderapo. Ndi patsogolo kum'mwera kuchuluka dryness wa nyengo. Tinganene dothi izi bulauni, kenako kuwala bulauni, humus zili amene ali wochepa, mphamvu kaja - pang'ono.

Ngati mvula pang'ono ndi nthaka kusamba ndi mankhwala ofooka saline dothi sizingatheke kudutsa kwambiri, kotero iwo kukhala padziko. Ndi wolimba kuwonongeka kwa zomera pamodzi ndi mankhwala monga calcium, pakachitsulo, magnesium, ndi zitsulo soda akumasulidwa lalikulu zedi. Chifukwa pamaso pawo m'nthaka iyamba kukhala alkalinity. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu nthaka zone steppe nyengo youma ndi solonetsous ndondomeko superimposed pa sod.

Mitundu nthaka steppes youma

• Chernozem kum'mwera ndi wamba.
• Woderapo.
• Mgoza.
• Kuwala bulauni.

Chernozem ndi mgoza dothi mosalekeza Mzere anatambasula kuchokera kumadzulo kwa m'tsinde mwa Altai. Kum'mawa Altai pali ang'ono zilumba akutali m'dera beseni Selenga ndi kum'mawa Trans-Baikal steppes. dothi Awa ambiri a Caspian otsika ndi Kazakhstan m'dera la mapiri ang'onoang'ono.

Yerekezerani, nthaka wakuda zatenga 8.5 peresenti ya Russian steppe ndi mgoza dothi - onse 3. Mbali yaikulu ya chernozems mkulu humus okhutira. Chitsanzo chernozem amasiyana kwambiri pansi tebulo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti stratum chapamwamba nthaka yabwino akuwukha mvula, m'munsi - madzi pansi, ndipo kutali ndi youma pakati. Ndi mikhalidwe yabwino mapangidwe wakuda lapansi ndi mgoza dothi.

Aliyense subtype bulauni nthaka, malinga ikukhudzana adzamasulidwa magulu otsatirawa: ofunda, odzisunga, kwambiri ozizira. Komanso mkati mwa nthaka limodzi subtype ndi wosiyana ndi akazi. Imeneyi, zamchere, zamchere-saline, residually solonetzic, carbonate, carbonate-solonetzic. Tikumbukenso kuti mgoza dothi zosiyanasiyana ndi wosiyana mawonetseredwe a zizindikiro ngati alkalinity ndi saline.

Dothi ndi woderapo

Iwo amatanganidwa mbali kumpoto kwa woyendera nthambi. Mdima dothi bulauni kapena cloddy ndi chimauma granular dongosolo humus kaja dziko zakutchire ndi olimapo - silty chimauma. Zadzidzidzi wa gypsum ndi mchere sungunuka limapezeka pa akuya pafupifupi mamita awiri. Zochita za nthaka bulauni sizingatheke popanda malongosoledwe a humus kaja. Mu nthaka imeneyi akafika 50 masentimita. Mu dothi zamchere mu mmunsi mwa humus kaja kwambiri wandiweyani. Ichi ndi chifukwa kumalimbitsa particles colloidal.

Chimauma ndi blocky kapangidwe ndi mdima mgoza dothi. katundu ndi yapadera kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka alkalinity kaja. nkhope kandalama kuti lacquered kutumphuka wa pabuka-bulauni mtundu. Rhode solonetzic mdima dothi mgoza lagawidwa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Nonsolonetsous. Iwo kuyamwa peresenti 3 ndi sodium mayamwidwe ku buku lonse.
• , Ofooka nthaka - peresenti 3-5.
• Srednesolontsevatye - 5-10.
• Mwamphamvu mchere - 10-15.

Khalidwe mdima dothi mgoza

• Solonetsous saline nthaka mdima kwambiri saline miyala. Pa akuya mita imodzi ya madzi sungunuka salt ukuwonjezeka.
• Mu dothi zamchere residually mosadziwa exchangeable zili ndi sodium. Pali yotsalira alkalinity.
• Mu solonetsous solodized nthaka chapamwamba kapena m'munsi gawo la humus kaja ali kudziika osolodevaniya amene anapereka silika powdering pa nkhope structural.

• Carbonate mgoza dothi ndi zili bwino carbonate padziko. Malo a maphunziro awo ndi katundu miyala.
• Mapangidwe dothi carbonate-zamchere zimachitika pa saline miyala ndi katundu makina zikuchokera. The dothi ndi osalimba mkulu ndi zikukhudza Kuwonjezera mbiri. Pamene iwo ali yamvula ayamba pathupi ndi kuwafikitsa bogged pansi.

Makhalidwe bulauni nthaka

Kumasiyana humus kaja. Mu dothi mgoza, chithunzi ndi 30-40 masentimita. carbonates ambiri amasonkhana pa akuya masentimita 50, gypsum - 170, ndi mchere madzi sungunuka - mu kuya ziwiri mita. dothi awa ndi a chikhalidwe angaperekedwe monga tafotokozazi.

Dothi ndi kuwala bulauni

Area mapangidwe awo ndi kum'mwera kwa steppes youma wotanganidwa ndi sagebrush ndi udzu zomera. dothi awa anapanga mu nyengo youma kwambiri. The humus kaja ndi zazing'ono - 25-30 masentimita. Iwo amakhala ndi structureless zikuchokera ofooka ndi kusamba. Chifukwa cha wosanjikiza izi carbonate mabodza pafupi pamwamba. Kuzama gypsum kaja 1 Meter 20 masentimita. Mu nthaka imeneyi salt mosavuta sungunuka kudziunjikira lalikulu zedi, kotero alkalinity zizindikiro kuoneka kulikonse. Musati bulauni dothi zamchere angapezeke kawirikawiri.

Kunja chapamwamba nthaka imeneyi ali ndi woyererako, matabwa ake lotayirira. Zingamvekere osolodevanie. Kuwala dothi mgoza zidzasankhidwa ndi jenda komanso zina. Alkalinity ndi saline dothi kuwala ndipo kuonekera khalidwe zonal.

ntchito

Nthaka ya steppes, makamaka mdima mgoza, ali nkhokwe zokwanira zakudya. Iwo ali chonde mkulu. Chimakula tirigu, mapira, chimanga, mpendadzuwa, mavwende ndi mbewu horticultural. Zokolola ndi apamwamba kwambiri ngati nthaka kuti phosphorous, potashi, feteleza asafe ndi kugwira chinyontho izo.

Mgoza dothi popanda mitundu mdima kapena kowala zambiri ntchito hayfields, msipu, minda analima. Komanso oyenera kulima mbewu pamwambapa. Pa dothi kuwala bulauni kukula mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimatheka pa ulimi wothirira nthaŵi zonse.

Mgoza dothi zamchere amasiyana chonde enviable. Choncho, kuonjezera ntchito reclamation ake mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwenso. Nthawi zina akuya kwambiri kulima dziko.

zolakwa

• Kuwala bulauni, mgoza ndi zamchere nthaka humus wosanjikiza steppe ndi mphamvu yaing'ono. Iwo sangathe kupereka mizu wosanjikiza zinthu zachilendo.
• Tikaumbike kaja amapezeka ndi osaya. Izi amasokoneza boma madzi nthaka ndiponso kupewa chomera mizu ingaloŵe.
• dothi zamchere ndi kuchuluka soda ndende, zomwe zimachititsa kuti n'kofunika oxidize nthaka pamaso ntchito.
• steppe nthaka kupanda chinyontho ndi zakudya, makamaka kuwala bulauni.

Mwamuna ayenera kuthandiza mgoza, otsika-mphamvu, malostrukturnym ndi zamchere dothi kukhala wamphamvu, wolemera mu humus ndi zakudya. M'pofunika mwadongosolo kuthirira nthaka kubwezeretsanso nkhokwe zake madzi kuti izo organic ndi mchere feteleza, kutsatira njira atsopano a ulimi.