Smolensk dera anthu: nambala ndi mitundu zikuchokera

"Castle ndi wamkulu ndi anthu ambiri" - limafotokoza ulemerero wakale Smolensk Ustyuzhanskaya mbiri ya IX atumwi. Ichi ndi kutchula koyamba za ulemerero Smolensk dera. Kwa Zakachikwi chachiwiri emblazoned pa magombe a mzinda Dnieper wakale Russian, amene wakhala malo aakulu dera. Travel malinga ndi malo amakhala anapeza weniweni wa dera ulemerero. Iwo n'zosadabwitsa osati chikhalidwe ndi zomangamanga, komanso anthu a m'dera Smolensk. Alendo nthawi zonse moni mwansangala, ndi zikulilima Russian.

Area Smolensk dera

Kumadzulo malire a dziko Russian anapangidwa ndi ulemerero Smolensk dziko, sipangakhalenso anawayerekezera ndi msilikali wachikulire wanzeru amene anali mtendere. Ndipo, ndithudi, nthawi zambiri mzinda uwu amunamuna anakhala chikopa Russia. Sam Smolensk lili malire chapamwamba za Dnieper Mtsinje pa mtunda wa 365 Km from Moscow. Smolensk dera ndi nkhani ya ku Russia komanso ali ku Central District Federal.

Mudzi anabadwa pa mapiri asanu ndi awiri amene malonda njira kwa "Varangians kwa Agiriki" anakhala pakati midzi ambiri. Lero, Smolensk dera ali ndi malire ofanana ndi Bryansk, Pskov, Moscow, Kaluga, Tver dera. Belarus ndi pafupi m'mphepete mwa Smolensk, Vitebsk ndi Mogilev zigawo. Inasinthira dera mu 1937.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za m'dera

Smolensk dera ali pafupifupi 50 000 Km mu likulu la East European Plain. Pali pano, monga zomwe zili ndi m'zigwa. Nyengo kotentha chokhala, monga ndipo zone nyengo - zolimbitsa. Mayendedwe m'deralo, mukhoza penyani wavy pamwamba, malo akakhala ndi zigwa za mitsinje.

Pa dera la dera Smolensk pali mchere ambiri kuchokera pa chiyambi nyanja. Pakhoza kukhala anakumana ndi miyala ya bulauni malasha, peat, thanthwe mchere, loam ndi dongo. Osati kubera chikhalidwe cha mayiko amenewa umathandizanso matope ndi madzi mchere. Nthawi zina pali miyala ya galasi thanthwe, silika, ores, ocher. nkhokwe peat m'deralo ndi lalitali kwambiri. Pakuti ntchito yomanga ndi ncho mchenga, miyala, gypsum.

M'nyengo yozizira ndi ofunika chilungamo frosty kutentha, chilimwe - ofunda ndi mvula. Chitani m'deralo ndi makhwawa a Dnieper monga Vyazma, Vop Mtsinje, Desna, Sozh. Choncho, kudzaza zambiri za nkhokwe zake madzi ngati mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Volga ndi Oka, imene ikuyenda Vazuza ndi Ugra.

M'dera yaikulu ya chigawo Smolensk wotanganidwa nyukiliya dothi podzolic. Nthawi zina pali mchenga ndi loamy ziwembu. M'dera limeneli pali nkhalango zambiri, meadows ndi madambo. mbewu ambiri zomera nakulitsa. Akuluakulu oimira nkhalango ndi spruce, birch, Aspen. Pang'ono zochepa ankaimira mitengo, maples, phulusa, linden. zomera ikuyimiridwa mwa mitundu ya nyama ndi mbalame. mitundu pafupifupi 50 a nsomba zimapezeka madzi wamba.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Krivichi poyamba anakhala pa mayiko a Smolensk, Smolensk dera anthu anachokera kwa iwo. Ndiye mzinda kwa nthawi yaitali anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Kievan Lazaro. The heyday wa Smolensk ukulu imagwera pa zana XII. Ena nthawi ya dzikolo linali mbali ya Duchy la Lithuania, ndipo kenako anakathandizana Moscow Statement. Kusintha komaliza Smolensk mayiko a boma Russian zinachitika Chirasha Polish atasemphana. Choncho m'zaka XVIII panali m'chigawo Smolensk.

Pa chiyambi cha nthawi ya Soviet, ena a m'dera Smolensk anali gawo la SSR Byelorussian. Ndipo kuyambira 1937, iwo anapeza malire ano.

m'dziko wotchuka

Pa Smolensk dziko anabadwa anthu otchuka, Pakati luso ojambula zithunzi, zisudzo, wanzeru analemba, olemba, alakatuli Osema. Ambiri anakantha namatetule wake wotchuka Wolemba Mikhail Glinka. Izo zinali apa anabadwa cosmonaut woyamba Yuri Gagarin. Sitidzaiwala chisudzo, maseŵeralo yoimba Yuri Nikulin ndi mbadwa ya dera Smolensk. Chathu anthu a m'dera geniuses monga Alexander Twardowski, NM Przewalski, S. Konenkov, Azimov, A. Griboyedov.

Chiwerengero cha m'dera Smolensk

Onse-Russian kalembera mu 2010 anapeza kuti mwa zigawo 18 za ku Central District wa Smolensk Region Federation zinachitika 16. chiwerengero cha dera Smolensk ya anthu ndiye anali 985 500. chithunzi ichi kawirikawiri kwambiri asintha Inde a zochitika m'mbiri. Malinga Rosstat, mu 2013 osalimba anthu a m'dera Smolensk anali wofanana ndi anthu 19,59 pa sq / Km. Pa kuchepetsa osalimba pa nthawi imodzi kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi mizinda.

chiwerengero cha m'tawuni kwambiri kuposa chiwerengero cha anthu akumidzi. Popeza chiŵerengero izi ndi 72% mpaka 28% ya anthu a anthu akumidzi. chiwerengero cha akazi poyerekezera ndi anthu ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa. chiwerengero cha akazi pa mfundo iyi ndi wofanana 536.900 ndi amuna - 448,6 zikwi.

M'dera likulu, mzinda wa Smolensk, pa akuti January 2017, ali kunyumba kwa anthu 328,906.

Smolensk dera, anthu a mizinda ndi zigawo

Kumzinda waukulu wa Smolensk, ndithudi, ndi likulu la dera - Smolensk. Za kukula kwa mzinda tatchulazi. Achiwiri kukula pakati dera limapezeka ulemerero Vyazma, kumene anthu 54.259 moyo. Kumbuyo kwake akubwera mzinda Roslavl ndi anthu 51 775 okhala. Pafupifupi nambalayi cha anthu ndi malo chigawo Yartsevo ndi Safonovo (46 219 43 727). Mu mzinda wa Gagarin, moyo anthu 26.916, Desnogorsk ali okhala 28.518. Nazi zina, kupatula populata mzinda wa dera Smolensk pa anthu:

• Miyalayo - 9650.
• Yelnya - 9460.
• Pochinok - 8684.
• Sychovka - 8246.
• Velizh - 7078.
• Demidov - 6585.
• Dukhovshchina - 4125.

Population District, Smolensk Region ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Velizh RN - 11.114.
• Vyazemskij RN - 77.359.
• Haharins'kyi N - 45.940.
• Glinkovsky RN - 4404.
• Demidov RN - 12.310.
• Dorogobuzh chigawo - 27.376.
• Duhovschinsky RN - 15.484.
• Elninskaya RN - 13.846.
• Ershichsky RN - 6444.
• Kardymovsky RN - 12.499.
• Krasninskoe RN - 12.269.
• Monastyrschinsky RN - 9472.
• Novoduginsky RN - 9603.
• Pochinkovsky RN - 29.851.
• Roslavlsky RN - 71.990.
• Rudnyansky RN - 23.562.
• Safonovsky RN - 58.803.
• Smolenski RN - 53.889.
• Sychevskii RN - 13.807.
• Temkinsky RN - 5971.
• Ugransky RN - 8190.
• Hislavichsky RN - 8106.
• Holm-Zhirkovsky RN - 9754.
• Shumyachsky RN - 9909.
• Yartsevskiy RN - 54.231.

kuwerengetsera aposachedwapa a anthu

chiwerengero cha Smolensk dera anthu anali 958 600 anthu 2016. Pa January 1 chaka chino, anthu okhala m'mizinda, panali 690 000 (72%), anthu okhala kumidzi anali 268 600 (28%). Tikumbukenso kuti mbali kumadzulo kwa dera la anthu ambiri kuposa ena. Wamng'ono wa anthu onse m'chigawo kum'mawa (Temkinsky, Ugra). chiwerengero cha ana ndi achinyamata 336 000 anthu. Chiwerengero cha m'dera Smolensk mu 2016 utachepa poyerekeza ndi 2015 anthu 6000.

zikuchokera National

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi chiwerengero osati wa anthu a m'dera Smolensk, komanso kapangidwe kake yosiyanasiyana. 97% ya anthu okwana Russian zatenga Smolensk. Mu malo chachiwiri ndi oimira Belarus (0.83%). Mtundu Chiyukireniya ukufanizidwa pano ndi 0,64%. Ayuda azipereka mu kuchuluka kwa 0,56%. Roma kugwira 0,18% ya anthu. laling'ono kwambiri ndalama, koma alipo m'dera la Armenia, Azerbaijanis, Chitata, Poland, Georgia, ku Germany.

zokopa zachilengedwe

Kuteteza zinthu zachilengedwe, komanso zolinga kafukufuku m'dera la Smolensk Nyanja District analengedwa. Dzina limeneli malo ichi zichokela ku nyanja 35 mwa matabwa ake. Aliyense wa iwo ndi okongola yake yapadera. Makasitomala Smolenskii Nyanja District choviikidwa mu chikhalidwe wosangalatsa. Mwa malo pali zambiri zipilala mbiri. Mmodzi wa iwo wokalamba wakale Russian mzinda Verzhavsk kuti asangalala ndi IX-XII zaka.

Malowa modabwitsa okongola unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi apaulendo kwambiri ndi wofufuza a m'mayiko Asian - N. M. Przhevalskim. Alendo ambiri ndi anthu am'deralo mukudziwa gwero wotchuka wotchedwa "Woyera Chabwino".

zipilala mapulani

Kuyambira amakezana nyumba mapulani akhoza kuwasiyanitsa Smolensk linga mwala m'linga. Linamangidwa akadali motsogozedwa ndi mfumu Fedor Ioanovicha monga XVI-XVII m'ma pakati Moscow ukulu ndi Rzeczpospolita anaonekera mikangano malo. za 30,000 ganyu ankagwiritsa ntchito yomanga imeneyi. Ichi ndi chipilala mapulani a mpanda wa mzindawo ndi nsanja 38, ena akuyesetsa mamita 33 kutalika. Izi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa nthawi khoma Lazaro. Iye anali kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga wotchuka Smolensk mbuye Fyodor Kon.

M'dera Smolensk, monga zipilala ina anasunga chikhalidwe Russian wa nthawi chisanadze Mongol. Apa pali ntchito kalembedwe Baroque, komanso zitsanzo malire a nyumba ya mpingo.

Mu Smolensk pali achikumbutso angapo, maofesi, kukumbukira kukumbukira zinthu zambiri nkhondo. Komanso apa panali kwambiri misewu wodzipereka kwa anthu akwawo wotchuka. "Green mkanda mzinda" - otchedwa anthu a Smolensk m'mapaki awo.

zakale Major ndi mipingo Orthodox

Ambiri kumva Boldino m'mudzi wa dera Smolensk. Nthawi zambiri, alendo kupita kumeneko pa ulendo wa. Wakale kwambiri ndi wokongola kwambiri zinthu apa Woyera Utatu obisika. Idamangidwa ndi St. Gerasimos Boldin akadali m'ma VI. Kangapo kale kachisi, koma nawonso anapitiriza kukondwera alendo ake.

M'mudzi Novospassky Smolensk dera ndi kowonera zakale-Manor M. I. Glinki, kumene anakhala. Manor Izi ndi chipilala yekha odzipereka wotchuka Russian wopeka nyimbo. Munda imakhala ndi ziwiri-storey nyumba, khitchini annexe, mlendo, ophika buledi, ndi ophimba nyumba, gazebos okongola ndi kachisi makolo. Nthawi zambiri, maina mlendo kumveka phokoso wokongola wa limba.

Mudzi Hmelita Smolensk dera anakhalabe munda wakale wa m'banja la Griboyedov. Zina la nyumba iyi angapezeke mu sewero lanthabwala wake wosafa "Tsoka kwa nzeru". The nyumba ndi paki gulu loyimba zikuphatikizapo mwala nyumba, 4 outbuildings, malo ndi makwalala, 2 amatunga ndi kachisi.

Pakati pa mizinda ya Katyn Nest ndi dera Smolensk ndi chikumbutso zovuta "Katyn". Kwa nthawi yaitali Union nthawi, malo awa sanatchulidwepo, kuyambira 1940 panabuka mavuto oopsa. Ndi mu nkhalango m'deralo kenako anamuombera makumi angapo zikwi alonda Polish ndi akaidi ena. Chikumbukiro zovuta ali aang'ono, izo chinamasulidwa mu 2000. Khomo lalikulu ndi chikumbukiro analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a galasi chandamale. Pakati pa zovuta waima wamtali Orthodox mtanda zimakhalira Memory Alley.

M'dera Smolensk inamangidwa akachisi ambiri, koma nthawi chisanadze Mongol, iwo atatu okha: Mpingo wa Kupemphera, Cathedral wa Akukwera, St. Sergio Mpingo wa Ascension obisika.