The owopsa matenda?

Mabakiteriya ndi unicellular tizilombo opanda phata. Kapangidwe awo wosalira zambiri kuposa kapangidwe ka maselo a zomera ndi zinyama. Kodi kukumana pafupifupi kwina kulikonse - mu mlengalenga, nthaka, madzi, ndipo ngakhale m'mimba dongosolo lathu. bakiteriya ali makamaka vuto lililonse kwa anthu, koma ena a iwo zingachititse matenda, kuphatikizapo oopsa kwambiri. Mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa matenda otchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa ndi mmene oopsa ndi munthu?

bakiteriya aliyense kuti za iye, chirichonse akhoza anati, palokha sangasankhe mavuto aakulu kwa thupi la munthu. N'chifukwa chiyani wakhala ankaganiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa amayamba ndi tizilombo? Ndipotu zimenezi si zoona.

mabakiteriya onse, ngakhale kukula kwake ochepa, komabe zamoyo, kutsogolera munthu wabwinobwino, mu-mtundu, moyo ntchito. Mwachibadwa, chifukwa cha moyo wake waufupi kwambiri, iwo apanga mtundu wina wa mankhwala zinyalala. mankhwala amenewa mu mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa matenda mankhwala kapangidwe awo ndi ziphe. Ndi izi poizoni, osati mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa matenda bakiteriya. Iwo akutchedwa poizoni. Aliyense mabakiteriya zimayenera kukhala zachindunji awo. poizoni aliyense amakhudza thupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndi kwa ichi ndi zimadalira zizindikiro makamaka aliyense matenda.

tizilombo toyambitsa amayamba ndi poizoni kuti zidzachitika pa nthawi ya imfa ya mabakiteriya. Iwo zili mkati selo bakiteriya, ndi kusankha lidzayamba pambuyo pa imfa chipindacho. Chiwonongeko cha bakiteriya mu thupi nthawi zonse ali aafupi kwambiri moyo, chitetezo cha m'thupi amalimbana iwo, iwo unagwa pa mankhwala ndi mankhwala.

Aumbike mwa imfa ya poizoni bakiteriya otchedwa endotoxins. Komabe, pali mabakiteriya zomwe zingabweretse poizoni, koma siumafa. Iwo amatchedwa exotoxins ndipo tsopano - ichi ndi ziphe owopsa amene amayambitsa matenda oopsa monga tizilombo ta matenda, diphtheria, botulism, kafumbata, gasi chilonda.

Nthawi zina, ena mabakiteriya angathe imodzi ndi endo- ndi exotoxins. Chithandizo cha matenda bakiteriya dongosolo wapawiri zovuta ndipo amafuna njira yapadera. matenda Izi zosasangalatsa monga kolera, pertussis, embodiments yeniyeni kamwazi. Matenda ana - chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi poizoni. Amayambitsa matenda ubwana chifuwa akuphokosera, fever, diphtheria.

Chithandizo cha matenda bakiteriya ophweka mokwanira, chifukwa tsopano ndi thandizo la mankhwala amakono wakhala n'zotheka kuthana kwambiri ndi ambiri matenda bakiteriya. Mankhwalawa ndi a mitundu iwiri. Yoyambirira - ndi nkhani organic pamaziko a tizilombo amatha kupha majeremusi. Iwo ndi zotsatira bacteriostatic, iwo zosiyanasiyana tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Mtundu chachiwiri - ndi extractable kwa zomera ndi maselo nyama wothandizila antibacterial. Ntchito ngati miyala ndi monga jekeseni, ndipo limachita bactericidal. Zikuphatikizapo penicillin, rifampicin, aminoglycosides.

Komabe, mankhwala amene si kuthandiza milandu onse. Exotoxic matenda - awa ndi matenda, zimene mankhwala sangathandize. Zikatero, ntchito njira kuti n'chongoletsa poizoni - yeniyeni antitoxic seramu. Koma popeza seramu simungathe kukwanitsa ntchito, kutsimikizira chachikulu ndi pa kupewa. Ndi choyamba vaccinations onse kuti ana chiyani ali wamng'ono, monga kafumbata ndi diphtheria. vaccinations osiyanasiyana ndi wa akuluakulu. Akamanena za katemera kuti kwenikweni ofooka kwambiri poizoni. Anadzetsa thupi, iwo amapanga antitoxin, kuthandiza kuumba chitetezo cha m'thupi.