The Republic of Karelia: likulu. Petrozavodsk, Karelia: mapu, zithunzi

Mu kumpoto cha kumadzulo la Russia pali m'modzi wa ambiri okongola ndi wokondedwa mtima Russia Places - The Republic of Karelia, amene likulu - mzinda wa Petrozavodsk, womwe ndi likulu la dera Prionezhsky. April 6, 2015 Petrozavodsk anali kupereka udindo - City a usilikali Ulemerero.

History of Education

kubadwa kwake likulu la Karelia afunika Peter, amene mu 1703 anaika pafupi m'kamwa mwa mtsinje Lososinka, pa gombe la nyanja Onega, mzinda wokongola. Mtsogoleri wa nyumba yaikulu pa ntchito yomanga kuthetsa latsopano, Prince Alexander Menshikov. Woyamba mzinda kupanga ogwira amakhala fakitale boma akumeneko, yoperekedwa kwa gulu amakampani Russian zitsulo - otchedwa Olonets migodi ntchito. mabizinezi amenewa anali maziko a makampani waukulu Karelia pa nthawi.

Choncho, pali Shumsky zida fakitale ina anadzatchedwa Peter August 29, 1703. Kale kumapeto kwa 1703 mbewu amapereka woyamba kupanga mayeso. Ndipo kuyambira chiyambi cha 1704 izo udachita ng'anjo ya kuphulika pa mphamvu zonse. Choncho, fakitare manja m'dera zinadziwika mu Russia. Mwa dongosolo la Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri zinasaina lamulo mu 1772 pa ntchito yomanga Cannon foundry, kenako anadzatchedwa ndi Alexander.

kampani limapanga osati njira zida. Iwo unayambitsidwa yopanga kuponyera luso processing zitsulo. Pang'onopang'ono Alexandrovsky Bzalani kupeza kulemera mu gawo Russian zitsulo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Petrozavodsk (Karelia) inasandulika chilikati cha m'dera Olonets ndipo amapeza udindo wa mzinda, ndi 1784 kunditumiza ku gulu la tawuni zigawo.

amakono Petrozavodsk

Today likulu la Karelia - ndi mzinda momasuka ndi wochereza alendo, amene nthawi zonse chidwi kwambiri kwa alendo ndi apaulendo chidwi. Mapulani ndi mbiri yakale zipilala mosamala kwambiri anapulumutsidwa ndi anthu wamba, ali wonyada ndi wakale mwambo wa mzinda.

misewu Local ndi mabwalo a alendo chidwi kuyang'ana sadzapulumuka ndi chikumbutso mipukutuyi pa nyumba zakale zimene iwo amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito umunthu chabwino cha nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo mzinda wao koposa zana.

zokopa za m'Baibulo Petrozavodsk

ndi likulu wokongola wa Karelia chiyani? Zowoneka mzindawo ndi ambiri a iwo kuno, nthawi zonse chidwi alendo osati kuchokera Russia komanso kuchokera konsekonse lonse. Round Square, Karelian Regional Museum, Park kazembe, Museum of Wabwino Tirhana, chionetsero holo ya m'nyumbayi "Kizhi" - izi ndi monga yaing'ono mndandanda wa malo alendo chidwi, amene anatchuka chifukwa Petrozavodsk, likulu la Karelia.

maseŵeralo

Mosakayikira, malo mbiri ya Petrozavodsk ndi masiku Lenin Square. Ilo liri mu malo awa pambuyo kusaina lamulo Catherine II pa conferring udindo wa mzinda wa Petrozavodsk wakhala likulu la mzinda watsopano, kale linkatchedwa Round Square. Anikita Sergeevich Yartsov ... ndi dzina la munthu ndi chifukwa kuyamba kumanga mzinda waukulu.

Migodi injiniya mwa kuphunzitsa, A. Yartsov kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga tsogolo la fakitale Alexander. Onse zina Kupititsa chitukuko cha mzinda wotchedwa Petrozavodsk (Karelia) amagwirizana ndi dzina lake. A. zozungulira Yartsov inakonzedwa malo dera, amene anakonza circumferentially nyumba ofesi.

Pa tsiku 100th wa Alexander fakitale pakati pa Round Square anali chipilala kuti Peter, amene anaimirira pamaso 1917, anthu ambiri chaka. Tsopano pa lalikulu eponymous paima lubwe chipilala V. I. Lenina.

Kirov Square

Mu zaka 30 lili anakhalabe kucheza ndi zochitika m'mbiri ya Russia ndi Republic of Karelia. Likulu la m'mphepete kumpoto kwa dziko pamodzi ndi onse anaonanso "chithumwa" wa Stalinist kupondereza.

Mu 1936, pambuyo pa imfa ya S. M. Kirova, ndi ziboliboli Mateyu Manizer anamangapo chipilala kwa iye, ndipo m'dera anadzatchedwa m'dera Kirov. Tsopano malo awa angatchedwe m'dera zaluso. Malinga polojekiti S. G. Brodskogo mu sewero 1953-1955 ndi zisudzo nyimbo kalembedwe chakale zinamangidwa. Eyiti mizati ndi Chipilala pamwamba pawo zimapanga mbali yaikulu ya bwalo lamasewera. Pa Chipilala akuimira ziboliboli zopangidwa ndi S. T. Konenkovym. zosiyanasiyanazo mwala zachilengedwe akugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga awa: lubwe, nsangalabwi ndi ena.

Muholo National inamangidwa mu 1965 ndi cholinga ndi S. G. Brodskogo. Osati Petrozavodsk mbuye iye anasiya kufufuza yake ya mbiri yakale, komanso midzi ina ya Karelia chokongoletsedwa zipilala zake. Pa gawo la Kirov Square mutha kuona ngwazi za epic Kalevala Ilmarinen, amene analenga zamatsenga mphero tsoka.

The zisudzo chachitatu pa lalikulu - zidole. Bright nyumba, nkhanza m'dera - ndi Museum luso chabwino, ndi kunyadira Republic of Karelia. Capital Gawo ali zakale, zomwe Nyumba ya zopereka wamkulu wa mafano 15-18 zaka, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo zoposa zikwi ziwiri. M'nyumbayi prides palokha pa chopereka chake cha amisiri kwambiri Russian monga Polenov, Ivanov, Levitan ndi Kramskoy. Pano mukhoza timudziwe bwino ntchito ya ambuye Karelian. Mu 1789, zolimbitsa thupi anthu inali mu nyumba ino.

Onega embankment

A malo ankakonda kwa kuyenda okhala ndi alendo a mumzindawo ndi Onega embankment. June 25, 1994, tsiku la mzinda wa Petrozavodsk unachitika kutsegula ake.

Pali miyambo yabwino: pafupifupi m'mizinda yonse ya Karelia ndi mizinda yawo mlongo. Umabweretsa anthu ansangala kwambiri ndipo ndi chitsanzo mtendere ndi mnansi wabwino. Zonse maulendo wochezeka alemere anthu pa mlingo wauzimu, chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Apa ndi iye - Republic of Karelia. Likulu la dera la kumpoto kwa Russia si zosiyana. Petrozavodsk mu 1965-2011 gg. Iye anakhazikitsa mlongo mzinda ubwenzi ndi mizinda khumi mu dziko.

Pamodzi Onega quay alimbane zolengedwa sculptural a mizinda mapasa. American Duluth anapereka zitsulo kapangidwe "Asodzi", "Tyube mapanelo" mzinda analandira monga mphatso kwa anzawo a German. Mu 1996, m'tauni Swedish wa Umeå Petrozavodsk ndinalandira monga mphatso "Ndikukhumba Tree". Uku yamakono ya nthano yakale ya wakuda mtengo mabelu agolide, amapereka akufuna. Mu 1997, pa Onega embankment anaonekera nyimbo "funde la ubwenzi" Kumudzi Chifinishi a Varkaus. Komanso banki ali chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli, "nyenyezi Sky" ndi "The Mermaid ndi mkazi."

Map of Karelia

Kusiya Petrozavodsk alendo kukumana ndi mwapadera malo okongola a Karelia. mitsinje pristine ndi nyanja, anapangidwa ndi ovuta miyala ndi nkhalango zowirira, kokongola.

Ena zigawo Karelia kwambiri kuzifotokoza zosiyanasiyana malo achilengedwe. Ambiri a iwo ndi chidwi kwambiri alendo ndi zambiri kukopa apaulendo chidwi.

Matabwa chozizwitsa Russia

Kizhi - chimodzi cha zilumba 1369 a mbali ya kumpoto, kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Onega. Iye ankaona zodabwitsa chitatu ya dziko ndipo mwa ndakatulo wotchedwa siliva mkanda kumpoto kumpoto ngale. Pano, pa kakang'ono ndi kutalika kwa 5.5 Km, pali awiri chodabwitsa mpingo, limene lili pakati pa belo nsanja.

kukongola kwawo ndi zodabwitsa. Kachidutswa kakang'ono wa dziko, osati likutionetsera ife ndi zitsanzo zosangalatsa za zomangamanga Russian kumpoto, komanso amapereka mwayi kuona ubwenzi wa makolo athu. Chozizwitsa cha Kizhi Island, Chiwalitsiro Mpingo wa m'nthawi ya onse Peterhof ndi zosiyana yake.

The gulu loyimba lonse la Kizhi inamangidwa zaka 170 ndi mibadwo yambiri ya amisiri ambiri aluso ndi osema, amene maina sitikudziwa. M'malo akasupe gilded wa Peterhof pano akutambasula galasi yosalala pamwamba pa nyanja Onega kuwalitsa kumwamba yosiyanasiyana wopandamalire. M'malo mwa wapakamwa yaitali, chokongoletsedwa ndi mwakemu zosamvetsetseka - matabwa wakuda kumpoto kachisi. Domes la Chiwalitsiro Mpingo, monga kukongola kokoshniki Russian, yokutidwa ndi silvery mamba zolimira. Aliyense amene anafika malo m'chigawo cha kumpoto, sadzaiwala iwo nthawi.

Lathyathyathya mathithi Kivach

Alendo Karelia mapu amatsogolera linanso malo odabwitsa - mathithi okongola Kivach. "Kivach" chikhalidwe malo otchedwa Karelia mu kakang'ono. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nkhokwe zing'onozing'ono Russian. Malo - mahekitala 11. Apa mutha kuona chilichonse chimene chimaimira zomera, zinyama ndi nthaka m'derali kwabasi.

Mbali chidwi kwambiri pa malo m'deralo amaona kuti mathithi kuti akayenda kusangalala ngakhale zaka zana zitatu zapitazo. Kivach ili m'chigawo Kandapozhskogo. Izi kumpoto chakumadzulo Karelia, umene uli likulu makilomita 68. Kivach mathithi akutchedwa, ndipo iye anapereka dzina ndikusunga, anakhazikitsidwa mu chiyambi cha m'ma lomaliza.

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mathithi lachokera ku Finland "kiwi" kutanthauza "mwala" kapena Karelian "kivas" - "chisanu phiri". Ndithudi, thovu woyera pa siteji ngati nsonga chofewa chili pamwamba. Kivach ndi chimodzi cha zigwa waukulu wa Russia mathithi. Madzi kugwa kuchokera kutalika mamita khumi, kupanga magawo angapo okongola Suna Mtsinje. Umayamba kufupi ndi Chifinishi ndi imaphwera mu Nyanja Onega kudutsa kumulowetsa msewu pafupifupi 300 makilomita.

Suna loyenda pamodzi ndi bedi miyala mwa nyanja yaikulu ndi yaing'ono. Mu mzere naye - mathithi zoposa makumi asanu ndi mathithi, koma Kivatch nthawi anakopeka apaulendo kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Mmodzi wa kukumbukira loyamba mathithi amene amapezeka pakati pa zana la 16.

Kivach, malo kudzoza

Komabe, mbiri Kivach monga likulu la alendo wayamba m'zaka za m'ma 18, pamene anafika wotchuka Russian ndakatulo Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, amene anasankhidwa ndi kazembe pano. Kukongola kwa mathithi ouziridwa Derzhavina pa ndakatulo akulemba, amene alemekezedwa ngodya iyi ya Karelian chikhalidwe cha lonse la Russia. Masiku amenewo, pamene Kivach anali pristine mphamvu zachilengedwe, mu Karelia zimayendera anthu otchuka a boma.

Amasirira mathithi chodabwitsa anafika ngakhale Mfumu Alexander II. Akuti madokotala Kwalamulidwa iye phokoso la mathithi. Pakuti mayiko mfumu pa magombe a Suna anali okonzeka ndi gazebos omasuka matabwa ndi milatho amene sanapulumuke masiku ano. Traveler nthawi zosiyanasiyana kwa alendo masiku ano ngakhale uzani miyala.

boulders yaikulu kusunga chikumbukiro cha anthu amene anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kukongola kwa Karelia, amene sanalekerere ngakhale Mphamvu kapena nthawi zokhala dzina lake. zolemba zakale Tingaone wodutsa banki lamanja la mtsinje, kumene wopalidwa zosavuta kukwera njira. Koma maganizo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri mathanthwe ndi mathithi yokha akutsegula mwachindunji ku madzi.

Kuti phazi la kugwa akhoza anafika pa rowboat mphira. Nato chigwa mathithi fano la miyala wakale chiyambi chiphala. mwala uwu wolemera slate-akuda otchedwa diabaze. Iye n'kovuta pafupifupi kawiri wamphamvu monga lubwe. Choncho, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kwa amaika mumsewu misewu. The malo diabase thanthwe ndi anapangidwa ndi mathithi, ndipo muchigawane mwa mitsinje awiri. zaka zambiri zapitazo Kivach linali lalikulu kwambiri kuposa izo tsopano, phokoso ake anamva makilomita asanu.

Mwalandiridwa Karelia!

Mucherezane Karelia akutsegula zitseko zake kwa anthu onse amene akufuna kukumana ndi kukongola chodabwitsa cha m'mphepete ake. Dera amanyadira za Russia - Republic of Karelia.