The zida kusodza: cholinga ndi mitundu

Munthu aliyense ali bwino mfundo depreciation - izo Tingaone mwamtheradi m'mbali zonse za moyo, makamaka okonza. Depreciation - ndi ndondomeko kuti amalola kuyamwa, kubwezera gawo amene amadza anagwira mwa thupi limodzi kapena mphamvu pa thupi lina. Mfundo imeneyi ntchito ambiri: kuchokera mitigating mmene magalimoto pa galimoto pamaso kutenga nkhani zoti likuwonongeka mu kumalo a ntchito.

Komabe, m'nkhani ino ife sindikuyankhula kwenikweni za depreciation, ndi zinthu monga zida kusodza. Ngati anthu ambiri tamva za absorbers mantha, apa zipangizo ngati anthu ambiri akhoza kukhala zachilendo. chakuti zida kusodza - ndi apadera kwambiri chipangizo, amene zambiri ntchito mu sitima ya. Mu dera lino, limagwirira ili yofunika kwambiri, waikidwa mu magalimoto onse, koma zosiyanasiyana mitundu mayamwidwe. Izi ati m'nkhani. ndi mitundu ya zipangizo ndi zolinga kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimene?

Ndi chiyani icho?

Chinthu choyamba kumvetsa kuti kusodza zida amenewa ndi amene ali. Choncho, chipangizo cholinga kulipira ngongole kapena kuyamwa (choncho amatchedwa) gawo la mphamvu kayendedwe amadza, potero kuchepetsa kukhudzana magulu osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mavuto ndi psinjika, chimango ya galimoto kumene anaika. Kodi zida kusodza? Mkati chipangizo pali kukana, amene otembenuka mphamvu kayendedwe mu magulu ena musawononge galimoto. Choncho, pamaso pa chipangizo ngati m'galimoto - osati amasankha, monga chofunika ndi, mwinamwake kulimbikitsa magulu kungachititse kuti zikuchokera yomwe zikuphatikizapo m'mavuto aakulu. Koma mitundu ya zida kungolandira, limene pali ndithu ambiri, koma si onse zili ponseponse. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ikuluikulu ndi zotsatira zawo, komanso anakhudzidwa ndi mitundu zochepa wotchuka wa zida.

Akukana akasupe

zipangizo Tsopano wamba monga Mwachitsanzo, zimatenga makina RT 120, koma zilibe ntchito masika monga izo zinali pachiyambi. zida ali ndi specifications zotsatirazi:

• mtundu chipangizo: kukhululukirana.
• Zolemba malire sitiroko 120 millimeters.
• The pazipita mowa mphamvu ya 90 KJ.
• The moyo utumiki (kukonza): zaka 16.
• Onse moyo utumiki: zaka 32.

Poyamba, zipangizozi zinali kokha masika, koma pambuyo pake n'kuyamba zothandiza ndi yabwino, koma zambiri zinchito ndi kothandiza chipangizo. Pali mavuto angapo, ndipo woyamba wa iwo anali kwambiri angadzachite akasupe. Ndiko kuti, iwo ali odzipereka mphamvu kayendedwe, koma anam'patsa pafupifupi momwe offsetting phindu lawo. Kachiwiri, kuti iwo liziyenda bwino mu magalimoto, kunali kofunika kupanga mankhwala ndi waukulu ndithu, tinganene bulky, kotero iwo anakana. Low mowa mphamvu anali zikuluzikulu chinthu, chifukwa zipangizo zina sakadachitira mwina ogwira kuposa masika, koma zambiri yaying'ono. Ndi chifukwa chake pa nthawi ntchito magalimoto, zipangizo monga chipangizo zogwira PT 120, ndi zitsanzo masika akugwiritsidwa kokha mu zipangizo gawo lotetezedwa.

zipangizo Spring-mikangano

Komabe, popeza kuti zipangizo kasupe si anazolowera pafupifupi palibe m'dera lina sikutanthauza kuti dongosolo amenewa salinso ntchito m'munda umenewu. Iwo basi sanali kwambiri, kotero zinalengedwa zipangizo masika-mikangano kuti kunyamula zotsatira yoyamba ya mikangano kuyenda, pamene akasupe ndi chabe ntchito zina, ndiye iwo ali yekha udindo lingathe osati mphamvu kayendedwe. Tiyeni tione mmene zimenezi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali zida Ages amalandiranso mphamvu kayendedwe amene amapangidwa mu kugunda kwa ngolo ziwiri. Kuyamba kuzindikira specifications chipangizo:

• wagawo kulemera: osapitirira 165 makilogalamu.
• Zaphindu Inde wagawo: 90 millimeters.
• The mphamvu mphamvu ya mwadzina 110 KJ.
• The mphamvu mphamvu ya pazipita 130 KJ.
• Mphamvu ya kumangika koyamba: 230 kN.
• Potseka mphamvu malo amodzi: 1600 kN.
• Onse moyo utumiki: zaka 32.
• The moyo utumiki pamaso kukonzanso: zaka 16.

Atachita amene amadza pa linanena bungwe alibe angadzachite mphamvu ya akasupe ndi kayendedwe mphamvu mikangano (ie mikangano) ndi mphamvu angathe mapindikidwe wa masika. Chotsatira ichi anali oposa zogwira mtima kwa depreciation magalimoto, choncho makina onga ankagwiritsa ntchito.

Tsopano kulikonse mungathe kukwanitsa zogwira zida 73ZW ndi zitsanzo zina zofanana. Luso makhalidwe chipangizo ali motere:

• wagawo kulemera: 214 makilogalamu.
• Zaphindu Inde wagawo: 90 mm.
• Malire opaleshoni kutentha kwa + 50 ° C kwa -60 ° C.
• Makulidwe: kutalika - 625 mamilimita Mulifupi - 318 mm, kutalika - 230 mm.
• Mphamvu ya koyamba kumangika makokedwe: 200 kN.
• Mphamvu ya kutsekedwa kwa unit: 1600 kN.

Ubwino wa zipangizo masika-mikangano

Spring-mikangano zipangizo waikidwa mu magalimoto kwa nthawi yaitali ndi ntchito lero. zina zipangizo alipo, koma mtundu uwu ndi imodzi mwa ambiri. Izi zimachitika pa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, ndi kuphweka. Kachiwiri, unsembe wa kungolandira zipangizo za mtundu uwu ndi wosavuta ndi ndondomeko yabwino. miyeso awo ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa zipangizo masika, kotero kungolandira zipangizo ngolo ndi zovuta kukhazikitsa ndi chiyani amayambitsa mavuto kukonza tsogolo. Komanso, ndithudi, kudziŵika masiyanidwe ndi apangidwa mwa zipangizozi.

makina hayidiroliki

Makalasi kungolandira zamakono zili yosiyanasiyana, ndipo pakati pawo pali wina Njira yotchuka kwambiri. zipangizo hayidiroliki m'chifanizo cha zochita kusiyana kwambiri ku kasupe-mikangano, pamene pamaziko a madzimadzi amene amapereka cushioning pazipita. chipangizo lili ndi orifice calibrated mogwirizana. Ukusunthira kuti asefukira kudzera madzimadzi damping. mipata izi alumikizana palimodzi cavities awiri amene anadzazidwa mu izi mwa-mavesi, malingana ndi katundu. Chifukwa, izo amalenga yunifolomu zotanuka kukana, amene amagwira ntchito bwino ngakhale pa ndithu nkhonya yamphamvu.

Poyamba, panali vuto laling'ono, limene linali kuti madzi sangathe msanga abwerere pa udindo wake weniweni, ngati chipangizo zinachititsa kuti nkhonya anaphonya, ndiye kuti anthu mphindi pamene madzi ku chipinda chimodzi analibe nthawi kuyenda mu zina pochepetsa kugwedeza galimoto . N'chifukwa chake ndi nthawi kudzapeza kulimbikira zotanuka mu makina hayidiroliki anayamba ntchito mpweya inert. Kukonza kungolandira zipangizo za mtundu uwu ndi mowonjezera zovuta ndi mtengo, koma ntchito zawo ndi ogwira ndi yabwino ndondomeko. Unit imatengedwa zosalongosoka ngati wapezeka madzimadzi kutayikira, kusintha njira kapena avale kwambiri.

Kodi depreciation mu makina hayidiroliki?

Ngati tikulingalira hayidiroliki zogwira wagawo galimoto, tiyenera kusiya mwatsatanetsatane pa mfundo za ntchito chipangizo ichi. Kodi madzi azikhoma? Yankho la funso limeneli amaperekedwa ndi sayansi, chifukwa kachulukidwe ndi kukhuthala madzi amapereka chiombolo ndi kayendedwe zimakhudza mphamvu mayamwidwe amene amatayika m'kati kudutsa madzi nthawi kuwagonjetsa ndi kukankha mu chipinda pafupi kudzera mipata wapadera. Choncho, zogwira chipangizo coupler, galimoto ndi mchitidwe wina aliyense angakhoze kukhala hydraulically, chifukwa analinganiza si wovuta. Ntchito mpweya inert mu nkhani iyi nkhani. Koma chifukwa cha zimenezi mankhwala madzimadzi kukana ndi chinawonjezeka ndi kangapo, komanso mofulumira ulendo wake wobwerera ku boma wapachiyambi atapanga sitiroko lotsatira.

Mphamvu mwamphamvu wagawo

Ngati tikulingalira zida asilikali, mmodzi wa chizindikiro kofunika kwambiri ndi mphamvu kwambiri, ndi zimenezo muyenera kulabadira mu malo oyamba. chizindikiro chimenechi chikuimira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kayendedwe okhoza kuyamwa chipangizo kumaliza kwake zinthu psinjika damping, i.e. mpaka nthawi imene chipangizo sangathe kuyamwa mantha kwambiri. Choncho, akuluakulu chiwerengero bwino. Zitsime ndi kumwa mphamvu otsika kwambiri, nchifukwa chake iwo ntchito magalimoto lalikulu, pamene mphamvu ya mmene mofulumira kwambiri compresses masika, zimene zimatenga mphamvu zochepa. Komanso kulabadira chakuti zipangizo analengedwa m'njira kuti mphamvu kayendedwe si odzipereka kwathunthu - ayenera kukhala kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kuti akhonza kubwereranso chipangizo malo koyamba. N'chifukwa chake ndi mpweya inert ntchito makina hayidiroliki monga kuyamika chofunika kwa iye osati kwambiri kayendedwe mphamvu kwa madzi kubwerera ku malo kuyambira.

mitundu ina zipangizo

ndi mitundu pamwambapa anafotokoza za kungolandira zipangizo ali si anthu - limene pali zambiri, koma, monga zinanenedwa mu chiyambi, padzakhala kutchulidwa yekha wotchuka kwambiri. Tsono, tsimikizani ndi Dziwani elastomeric kusodza zida, amenenso ali ndi kutchuka mkulu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo pamene anaika mu magalimoto. mtundu umenewu uli pafupifupi makope ndendende anafotokoza makina hayidiroliki, koma chachikulu n'chakuti mmalo mwa madzi wamba, amene throttled kudzera maenje calibrated mu zipangizozi, wapadera madzi elastomeric ndi kukhuthala apamwamba kwambiri, amene kumawonjezera mowa mphamvu yake, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi kuvumbitsira zovuta zogwiriramo ntchito komanso kumawonjezera mtengo. Komanso sitingakane ndi zipangizo mikangano kuti amaonedwa zipangizo za zinthu zotanuka. Iwo kayendedwe mphamvu mayamwidwe kumachitika chifukwa mapindikidwe wa zinthu chifukwa mikangano awo. Ndi mtundu amenewa padziko inu kale, pamene mukuwerenga za chipangizo monga zipangizo masika-kukhululukirana.

ophatikizana makina

Tiyenera kulankhula za zipangizo zimene zimagwira chitsanzo chimodzi chimene pafupifupi mtundu ambiri - kasupe-kukhululukirana. Kunena mwachidule, zipangizo amaphatikizidwa ndi amene kuphatikiza osiyanasiyana depreciation. Pankhaniyi, kasupe ndi mikangano mtundu uwu. Ma tingati zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, kuphatikiza amadza chifukwa cha akasupe ndi zinthu mikangano anapereka kuposa positive. Ndi mtundu kuphatikiza magalimoto ndicho wotchuka kwambiri. M'dera ntchito imeneyi amaloledwa, osati mitundu yonse ya kaphatikizidwe mitundu iwiri ya kungolandira zida. Chitsanzo yosavuta mitundu elastomer ndi hayidiroliki zipangizo chifukwa nawonso anamanga ndi amasiyana kwenikweni kokha madzi kuti ntchito pa utumiki wawo.

Kusankha galimoto

Kodi muyenera kusankha chipangizo cholinga? Choyamba, chidwi limachokera kwa chizindikiro chachikulu cha zipangizo kungolandira - awo mowa mphamvu. Iwo safuna m'lingaliro kukhazikitsa makina ndi zopatsa mphamvu pa magalimoto kapena zinthu zina ndi otsika kayendedwe mphamvu ya nkhonya, monga udzachitika ndalama yaikulu popanda kutukula ntchito. Komanso, Mulimonsemo sungazimitsidwe zipangizo ndi mowa mphamvu otsika zinthu zimene zagonjetsedwa kwa zodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa mphamvu makina a si kuti anaphonya pa mayamwidwe kuchuluka Napempha kwa mphamvu, ndi kunyanyala apeza wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa chovomerezeka malinga ndi malamulo anakhazikitsa.

Inde, pali zinthu zina zimene mungachite ofunika powasamalira, monga bata, ndiye chiwerengero cha bwinobwino kuyamwa zodabwitsa poyerekezera ndi chiwerengero chawo okwana kapena mtengo wa mphamvu irreversibly kucheza, amene kwathunthu depreciated kungolandira chipangizo ndipo si ntchito m'tsogolo kubwerera loyambirira malo. magawo amenewa amaonedwa payekha aliyense ntchito tidzakwatulidwa anagwirizana pamaso kusankha mtundu winawake wa zida kusodza malinga ndi mfundo zonse anakhazikitsa ndi zofunika.