Zosangalatsa za mlengalenga, chombo ndi maiko

Zosangalatsa za malo, zambiri kukopa kwambiri owerenga padziko lonse. Mfundo ndi zinsinsi za chilengedwe sitingalephere chimwemwe m'maganizo athu. Mukabatizidwa kumeneko, kukwera kumwamba? Kodi pali moyo pa maplaneti ena? nthawi yochuluka bwanji motani kufika Way loyandikana?

Gwirizanani, mayankho a mafunso awa ndikufuna aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, jenda, kapena, nkuti, za chikhalidwe. Danae Nkhani adzakuuzani za mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri za malo ndi chombo. Owerenga tidzaphunzira zambiri za zomwe poyamba ndinalibe lingaliro.

Gawo 1. Dziko chakhumi mu dongosolo la zowalitsa

Mu 2003, US asayansi anatulukira kupitirira Pluto wina - chakhumi - dzikoli ndi makina dzuwa. Iye dzina lake Eris. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka kutukula zamakono, zaka zingapo zapitazo zimenezi zosangalatsa za malo ndi maiko, asayansi sankadziwa. Kenako Amayesetsanso kuti kupitirira Pluto palinso zina zachilengedwe zinthu danga, imene chigamulo cha akatswiri pamodzi ndi Pluto ndi Eris anadziwika transplutonian.

Chidwi cha asayansi mapulaneti kumene anapeza amayamba osati mwa kufuna kufufuza akunja danga la pafupi mwamsanga (miyezo danga) padziko Lapansi. Nkofunika kudziwa ngati dziko latsopano kuvomereza anthu ngati n'koyenera. N'kofunikanso kuti aone zimene kuopsa kwa malo atsopano chifukwa kupitiriza ndi moyo padziko lapansi.

Asayansi ena danga ndikukhulupirira kuti zosangalatsa za malo ambiri ndi kuphunzira mbali ya dziko chakhumi makamaka zingathandize pothetsa zinsinsi zokhudzana wosadziwika zinthu zouluka, pamaso pa nthaka ya nyumba yaikulu ndipo sanapeze malongosoledwe lenileni la mabwalo chimphona mbewu.

Gawo 2: The achinsinsi mnzake mwezi

Mwangwiro bwino kuti earthlings onse mwezi akugwirizira zinsinsi zambiri? Ndithudi, chidwi kwambiri mfundo za malo akusonyeza kuti ilili dziko lapansi amabisa kwambiri chinsinsi. Apa ndi ena mwa mafunso, mayankho omwe kulibe panobe.

• N'chifukwa chiyani mwezi uli ndi chachikulu? Mu dongosolo lathu dzuwa palibe nthambi zambiri zachilengedwe, mofanana ndi kukula kwa Moon - ndi nthawi 4 kakang'ono kuposa kunyumba lathuli!
• Nanga tingazifotokoze bwanji chakuti awiri a chimbale cha mwezi pa kadamsana okwana dzuwa mwangwiro atseka chimbale cha?
• N'chifukwa chiyani zili m'njira Moon mu kanjira pafupifupi wangwiro zozungulira? Ndi zovuta kufotokoza, makamaka ngati timakumbukira kuti zili m'njira ya zina kudziwika ndi nthambi zachilengedwe sayansi ndi ellipses.

Gawo 3. Kodi amapasa dziko lapansi

Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti dziko lapansi lili ndi awiri. Iwo likukhalira kuti kwathu dziko ndi ofanana kwambiri Titan, umene ndi Kanema wa Saturn. Titan ali nyanja, mapiri ndi thumba wandiweyani mpweya! Asafe mu chikhalidwe cha Titan ndi chimodzimodzi mu mawu kuchuluka komanso dziko - 75%! Izi ndi kufanana zodabwitsa zomwe zimafuna malongosoledwe a sayansi.

Mwatsoka, palibe umboni wa moyo zanzeru pa Titan. Koma mwina kusaka kwa okhalapo wosazindikira padziko lino si chiyembekezo. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pamwamba wosanjikiza ndi digiri yapamwamba ya Mwina ndi nyanja, 90% wopangidwa mwa madzi. Zikuoneka kuti zosangalatsa za kufufuza malo zili mkudza!

Gawo 4: chinsinsi cha Red Planet

Red dziko la dongosolo dzuwa, monga ife tikudziwira, wotchedwa Mars. zinthu oyenera moyo - zikuchokera m'mlengalenga, n'zotheka pamaso pa malo, kutentha - zonsezi umboni kuti apeze anthu amoyo padziko lapansi lino, osachepera mu mawonekedwe wosazindikira, nebesperspektivny.

Iwo wakhala anatsimikizira mwa sayansi, kuti Mars ali lichens ndi ndere. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtundu zosavuta zamoyo mwadongosolo padziko thupi ili m'mwamba. Komabe, patsogolo maphunziro yake yovuta kwambiri. Mwina waukulu vuto Chinthu ndi lalikulu mtunda kuchokera Earth kuti Mars, lomwe ndi chotchinga chachilengedwe phunziro mwachindunji za padziko lapansi - kwa ndege la chombo akadali zochepa kwambiri chifukwa luso ungwiro.

Gawo 5. N'chifukwa kusiya zouluka mwezi

Ambiri zosangalatsa za malo ndege zokhudzana Kanema lathu lachibadwa. America pa ankafika mwezi, izo anayesedwa ndi akatswiri Russia ndi ku Eastern. Komabe, zinsinsi kukhala.

Pambuyo ndege bwino kwa Moon ndi ndegeyo pamwamba pake (kumene, ngati zimenezi kwenikweni anali malo kukhala!) Program kuphunzira Kanema zachilengedwe ali pafupifupi anakomoka. Zimenezi ndi odabwitsa. Kwenikweni, kodi tichite?

Mwina kumvetsa vuto limabwera pamene muona mawu a American wokayenda pamwezi Armstrong anayenda pa mwezi, kuti ndi thupi dziko ndi kale mawonekedwe moyo, polimbana amene anthu alibe mwayi kuti apulumuke. Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika zimene muzindikira asayansi.

Ngakhale kuti ndege ya spacecraft ndi akatswiri mwezi anaima, chinsinsi ya mwezi uno zapadera mosasintha tcheru anthu ofufuza ku dziko. Samveka ndi maginito, makamaka ngati nkhaniyo ili pafupi ndi mfundo dziko, moyandikana.

Gawo 6. danga chimbudzi

Pangani ndi bwino ukugwirira ntchito zinthu kachitidwe weightlessness, moyo thandizo - imeneyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. sewerage dongosolo ayenera kuthamanga bwino, kupereka kusungiramo biowaste ndi kumaliseche yake bwinobwino.

Kumayambiriro kwa chombo kupita malo sakhala china chirichonse momwe ntchito matewera wapadera. Zida izi amakulolani kupereka kanthawi, koma chitonthozo chogwirika kwambiri.

Zosangalatsa za woyamba ndege ku malo amasonyeza kuti chilengedwe cha zipangizo ukhondo akatswiri Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa thunthu munthu wa mamembala adalira. Njira panopa kuti akuphunzitsa zone thanzi spacecraft anayamba mosalekeza.

Gawo 7. zikhulupirirozi pa bolodi

Tikumbukenso kuti zosangalatsa za malo ndi chombo sangathe bwanji ndipo kwa mphindi tsiku ndi tsiku wamba moyo, monga miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro.

Ambiri amanena kuti chombo - ndi anthu malodza kwambiri. Ambiri chiyanjo loterolo chisokonezo. Kodi n'zoona? Ndipotu chombo zinthu mwa njira yotero kuti zikuwoneka ngati anthu sindinkakhulupirira kwambiri. Kwenikweni mu ndege anatenga sprig wa chowawa, fungo ndi amatikumbutsa dziko kwawo. Pa chiyambi cha spacecraft Russian zonse monga nyimbo "Dziko lapansi kupitila porthole lapansi."

Kumayamba Lolemba, Sergei Korolev sanali, ndipo anapirira ngakhale kuyamba pa tsiku lina, ngakhale nkhondo pankhaniyi. Chotsani mafotokozedwe sanalole aliyense. Pamene chombo komabe adayamba kuyamba Lolemba, ndi mwangozi osauka, akhala angapo ngozi (!).

October 24 - ndi wapadera tsiku kugwirizana ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni mu Baikonur (kuphulika kwa mzinga ballistic mu 1960) Choncho, monga ulamuliro, lero salinso ikuchitika pa Launch malo ntchito.

Gawo 8. osadziwika zosangalatsa za chilengedwe ndi pulogalamu Russian danga

Mbiri ya makampani Russian danga - zinayendera zimene zinachitika. Modziwika asayansi, okonza ndi akatswiri anakwanitsa Mokhumbira. Koma, mwatsoka, pakhala tsoka. Space kufufuza - izi ndi malo ovuta kwambiri kugwirizana nawo ntchito kwambiri zinthu.

Kwa anthu amene amakonda kwambiri mbiri ya kufufuza malo, misewu ndi mfundo za zipambano kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mafakitale danga, ndipo m'chaching'ono, ndipo analibe ngakhale mtengo wa umboni.

• Kodi anthu ambiri kudziwa kuti chipilala Yuriyu Gagarinu mu Star City ali ndi chidwi Mbali - mu dzanja lamanja la cosmonaut woyamba clamped Daisy?
• N'zosadabwitsa kuti zamoyozo woyamba, yemwe anapita kuyenda malo, anali kamba, osati galu, monga mwawamba.
• matabwa onyenga ndi dongosolo pano, mtunda wa pakati pawo chinali 300 Km - kunyenga mdani, 2 cosmodrome inamangidwa mu 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 20.

Gawo 9. Mula atulukira ndi zosangalatsa za malo ana ndi akulu

Kutsegula makampani danga, amene anadziwika kwa anthu, ndipo nthawi zina khalidwe zoseketsa, ngakhale phindu sayansi.

• Saturn - dziko ndi zophweka kwambiri. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mungathere zinachitikira kwa ubatizo wake mu madzi, kudzakhala kotheka kuti muone mmene dzikoli chodabwitsa kuti tiwolokere padziko.
• kukula Jupiter ndi ngati kuti mkati dziko mungathe "malo" mapulaneti onse amene kusuntha m'njira zawo mozungulira dzuwa.
• A pang'ono kudziwika Ndipotu - woyamba nyenyezi m'ndandanda wa Hipparchus anali wasayansi mu lakutali kwambiri kwa ife 150 BC
• Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1980, "chikondwererochi ofesi ya kazembe" ndi kugulitsa ziwembu za mwezi pamwamba - chibwenzi, kale anagulitsa 7% a padziko mwezi (!).
• Kuti mukupanga cholembera kuti akhoza kulemba ziro yokoka, ofufuza US kuti waononga mamilioni a madola (opita Russian ntchito spacecraft mu ndege, kulemba pensulo, ndipo palibe vuto).

10. mawu ambiri zachilendo ndi NASA

Pakati pa NASA mobwerezabwereza zinali zotheka kumva mawu amene amaona zachilendo ndi zodabwitsa.

• Kunja zikhalidwe za chombo lapadziko yokoka zowawa "danga matenda" zizindikiro ndi ululu komanso nseru chifukwa molakwika kugwira ntchito kwa khutu lamkati.
• Madzimadzi thupi amamuchititsa mutu wokayenda pamwezi, choncho pali blockage mphuno ndi nkhope ndi puffy.
• Kukula kwa munthu danga amakhala zikuluzikulu kuthamanga pa msana yafupika.
• Nthaŵi zina mkonono umasonyeza pa anthu lapansi mu zikhalidwe za weightlessness m'maloto si zimatulutsa phokoso aliyense!