Translation Nthawi: Akale ndi Ano

Nthawi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri kuti adziwe kuti moyo wa munthu, mosaganizira chiyambi chikhalidwe, mtundu kapena za ndale. Pa nthawi yomweyo kusintha nthawi ya masana zimathandiza anthu chongopeka kutalikitsa kapena kufupikitsa nthawi ya kuwala, akuchita kupulumutsiramo kutengerapo nthawi. Komabe, kufunika kwa ndondomekoyi zisakuyenda pali zambiri zokambirana.

Tikumbukenso kuti loyamba kumasuliridwa nthawi wakhala analimbikitsa ndi wotchuka American womenyera ufulu chikhalidwe ndi wasayansi Benjamin Franklin pamene anali kugwira ntchito Nthumwi US mu France. Ntchito yake, iye mwanthabwala ntchito kuwerengetsera yosavuta yothandiza anatsimikizira kuti kupita pakati pa March ola wotchi wina kutsogolo, Paris adzatha kusunga theka la kandulo, amene iwo ntchito pa chaka.

Kukhala wotchuka American ndiye anachitira ndi wosakhazikika amadziwika ndi vuto ndi manja kutengerapo wotchi kumbuyo kokha zaka mtsogolo. Wake woyamba kukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ku New Zealand J. Hudson, yemwe wolungama kufunika kusamutsa mibvi m'chaka kwa maola 2 pasadakhale, amene adzapereka njira zina chifukwa ntchito zatanthauzo. Izi Hudson maganizo wakhala inakhazikitsa mu mawonekedwe a pepala sayansi ndi lofalitsidwa mu chaka cha 1898 mu magazini ya New Zealand a sayansi otchuka, amene chinali chiyambi cha zaka zambiri zokambirana.

Ku Ulaya, kulanda nthawi pakufunika anali woyamba anakweza W. Willet, amene ambiri amaona "anayambitsa masana kupulumutsa nthawi." M'nkhani yake yakuti "Pa kuononga masana," yofalitsidwa mu 1907 ku England, iye choyamba theoretically m'Malemba kufunika kutengerapo chotero, ndipo kenako anapereka Lamlungu lililonse mu April kuloza mawotchi Mphindi 20 patsogolo, ndipo mu September - kubwerera zonse boma wapachiyambi. British okha musati ndifulumire ntchito kupereka Willett, ndipo woyamba Ulaya, omwe anamasuliridwa kuti masana kupulumutsa nthawi inayamba, oddly mokwanira, Germany, anachotsa ubwino kuonekera kuwala kwa mliri wa First World nkhondo. Komabe, dziko ndi Entente mofulumira kupitiriza ndi Germany akhama anayamba kusintha nthawi yawo ntchito mu 1917.

Mu zaka wotsatira, onse mu Europe ndi ku US yatembenuzidwa kutsutsa mokwanira lalikulu, kotero ochuluka a mayiko abwerera Pre-nkhondo sewero. Komabe, chilichonse chatsopano mphamvu mavuto azachuma kasamalidwe kutsogolera dziko kamodzinso kubwerera kwa kuthekera kwa nthawi 2 chaka kusintha dials zizindikiro, molondola kukhulupirira kuti m'njira imeneyi kukhala okhoza kupulumutsa pa mphamvu wauka zikuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Germany yomweyo potanthauzira anayamba akuyendera 1940, mogwirizana ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Komanso mu 1973, mogwirizana ndi chiyambi cha pamavuto aakulu mafuta.

Translation nthawi mu Russia chirimwe kwa nthawi yoyamba unayamba mu 1917 ndi lamulo wapadera wa ku Provisional boma, koma ndi kufika mu November chaka chomwecho, ndi Bolsheviks anatenga mphamvu, njirayi yayimitsidwa.

Mwambo kwambiri lotsatira anali oyamba mu 1930, otchedwa "masana kupulumutsa nthawi": muyezo nthawi 1:00 linakhulupirira chaka chino, koma palibe boma zaka sikanayambidwe. Mu April 1981 Bungwe la nduna USSR anatengera lamulo limene kachiwiri anayambitsa chowombelera kumasulira mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Koma "zovomerezedwa ndi nthawi" Pankhaniyi palibe wina sinditi kuletsa, choncho kusiyana okwana mu Russia m'chilimwe zizindikiro zake lamba anali kale 2:00.

Kuti vutoli linali lamulo la mutsogoleli wa Russian Federation wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev, imene kusintha kwa maola April 2011, kupulumutsa boma anali kukhala otsiriza. Komabe, pochita izi, ku Russia muli kusagwirizana ndi chilolo nthawi yomweyo maola 2. Makamaka chifukwa cha izi, komanso chifukwa chakuti m'nyengo yozizira anali zikuchepa yafupika nthawi ya masana, kutsutsana za moyenera kusintha nthawi mu kasupe ndi autumn, anayambiranso mwakhama.