Transport: voliyumu ndi mphamvu ngolo

M'munda wa katundu mayendedwe amakono ndi imodzi mwa njira zambiri kufikamo ndi yabwino Katundu yobereka. Mawu akuti "ngolo" amachokera ku dzina lakale German kwa ngolo chachikulu zoyendera zosiyanasiyana zinthu. M'njira zamakono - aphimbidwa katundu ngolo, theka-ngolo kapena ngolo mayendedwe a consignments katundu amene ali m'magulu mawu a buku ndi kumapitiriza mphamvu. Kulemera ngolo zimadalira magawo angapo monga kamangidwe, chiwerengero cha axles, miyeso.

Nyumba ndi theka-nyumba

Ngolo - injini galimoto anafuna kunyamula galimoto (towing galimoto). Kodi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika patatu makalasi: axles ngolo ndi kuchokera 1 mpaka 6, popanda nyumba kutsogolo chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi nyumba dissolutions kwa katundu yaitali. Kuchokera pa kopita, pali mitundu ingapo ya nyumba ndi theka-nyumba: m'nyumba, panja, bolodi, nsanja, firiji, zonyasa, loaders otsika ndi ena.

Panagona ambiri magalimoto trailed imakhala chimango ndi thupi, kuyimitsidwa, mabuleki ndi lumikiza. Yolusa pa ngolo ku towing chipangizo cha galimoto ngolo ikuchitika ndi mkono yopingasa (kutsinde) wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Semitrailers amadutsa ndi galimoto wapadera zida ndi wachisanu gudumu towing limagwirira (mipando). Choncho dzina la galimoto - thalakitala. Pamene ngolo kapena semitrailer olumikizidwa kwa galimoto chingwe chabwazi, yomanga lonse amatchedwa msewu sitima (ngolo).

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya magalimoto ndi nyumba

Volume ndi mphamvu ngolo zimadalira mtundu ndi kopita:

• Semitrailer. Mtundu ambiri. Oyenera mitundu ambiri amakonda kuyenda katundu. Malinga dongosolo thupi amalola potsegula ndi katundu kuchokera pamwamba, mbali ndi kumbuyo. Zothandiza buku la 60 92 mamita ^3. Lorry Kunenepa - matani 20, koma mwina mamita 25 ndi apamwamba, malingana thalakitala, kapangidwe chimango ndi chiwerengero cha axles.
• Firiji. Theka-ngolo kwa zoyendera katundu kuwonongeka, amene amafuna ulamuliro kutentha. Okonzeka unsembe angathe kukhala ndi kutentha khola mu osiyanasiyana ⁰ C kuti +25 ⁰ -25 C. Pa nkhani ya mowa zina mafuta chofunika ntchito ya refrigeration wagawo ntchito mufuriji semitrailer ndi zodula ndi 10-25% poyerekeza ndi zina magalimoto. M'banja katundu buku la 60 92 mamita ^3. Payload galimoto m'firiji matani 12-22.
• Linanena galimoto ndi ngolo (s) - chimango galimoto ndi nyumba umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Zothandiza buku ngati galimoto-coupler akhale pakati pa 60 ndi 160 mamita ^3. Couplings sali oyenera yonyamula katundu yaitali, mwayi ndi Mumakonda yabwino ndi katundu. Zolemba malire katundu-galimoto Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta 25 m, koma ambiri quadrature lumikiza sitima buku la 115-120 mamita ^3, mtengo uwu si kuposa mamita 18 polingalira mbali kamangidwe.
• Nsanja kwa olemera ndi oversized katundu ndi makina yomanga. Lorry Kunenepa matani 40 ndipo pamwamba. Ena yonse ya nsanja amatha kupirira kulemera matani 200.

kuweramira semitrailer

Evrotenty, evrofury - curtainsider theka-nyumba, mtundu othandiza kwambiri magalimoto pamsewu kwa ophimba pa katundu. The mwayi waukulu - chilengedwe thupi kapangidwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, akhoza kuchotsedwa awning chimango mbali, amene amalola kuti potsegula / katundu pamwamba, mbali mwa cranes wapadera ndi hoists. Mu mawonekedwe rastentovannom ndi kuchotsedwa chimango angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati malo lotseguka. Kuya kwa 30-50 cm. The miyeso ndi mawonekedwe evrofury yovomerezeka kwa potsegula mphasa (a mphasa yodzaza) mizere iwiri ya lonse. A kuchuluka zothandiza, malingana chimango kutalika 92 mamita ^3. Kupita eurowaggon, makamaka kuyamika amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, wotchuka kwambiri makampani utumiki katundu. ngolo kulemera kwa 25 m.

Isotherm ndi refrigerators

Anaikira kanyamulidwe mankhwala chakudya, mankhwala mankhwala ndi zinthu zina zimene zimafuna ntchito yokonza kutentha winawake, kutchinjiriza matenthedwe ku malo akunja. Isotherm ndi refrigerators zingakhale theka-nyumba ndi galimoto chimango umodzi. Kulemera ngolo zimatengera pa ndondomeko ya ngolo (semitrailer), kutanthauza kulemera yake ndi angafikire 25 m.

nyumba Isothermal mulibe refrigeration awo wagawo, koma chifukwa kutchinjiriza amatha nthawi yaitali kukhalabe kutentha alipo mkati katundu chipinda. magalimoto m'firiji zili ndi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza kuwonjezera chitetezo ake kumbali-yekha kuzirala. Ndipotu, firiji - ya m'manja refrigeration (ozizira) chipinda. Oyenera mayendedwe a malonda kwambiri mazira.

Lorry mphamvu zazikulu

Zolemba malire mphamvu ngolo mphamvu zazikulu n'chozama kupitirira evrofury muyezo, koma mphamvu apamwamba yosungirako.

mtundu Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Autotrains-coupler buku kuchokera 110 mpaka 125 mamita ^3.
• Autotrains Mega - semitrailer ndi pansi athyathyathya ndipo msinkhu waukulu (3.0-3.1 m).
• Theka-apamwamba buku jumbo. Mphamvu anawonjezeka ndi pansi L woboola pakati. Mu njira iyi onse katundu chipinda yomweyo pambuyo wachisanu gudumu ophimba oyenerera m'munsimu RV a m'mimba mwake yafupika. Volume: 96-125 ^M3, kutsegula matani 20.

Yosaloledwa kukula ndi kulemera kwa sitima za m'dzikoli

Wamkulu kololeka kutalika ndi kulemera kwa magalimoto kuloledwa maiko Masewerera a Nordic (woyamba anali Finland ndi Sweden). magawo Zokondweretsa 60 mamita kerbweight (+ ngolo katundu) ndi kuti 25,25 mamita m'litali, pamene buku ili 160 ^M3. M'mayikowa ayamba opareshoni sitima, monga galimoto thalakitala, theka muyezo ndi optional 2-chitsulo chogwira matayala ngolo.

Zolemba malire kololeka zithetsedwe kulemera 6-chitsulo chogwira matayala lorry CIS ndi 38 mamita mu EU - 44 mamita kutalika kwa theka-ngolo mu mayiko North America ayenera kukhala osachepera 16,15 m, m'lifupi -. 2.6. zofooka ofanana ntchito m'lifupi ndi ku Ulaya, koma osati kwambiri chovomerezeka kutalika kwa 13,6 m.