Tselinograd chigawo: kufotokoza, zinthu, malo ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Tselinograd dera inali kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan. Utsogoleli dera ili mu mzinda wa Kokshetau. Region - agro-mafakitale, koma specialization chachikulu ndi ulimi ndi processing wa mankhwala ake.

Development wa mafakitale extractive (migodi ureniamu, golide miyala), makina, zipangizo zomangira nyumba kupanga. Pali mankhwala ndi mankhwala mafakitale.

deralo

Akmola (Tselinograd) dera ili pakati Kokshetau pamwamba (dera la kumpoto) ndi mapiri Ulytau (kum'mwera Region). Anamaliza mapiri anapanga ndi granites, peaked - quartzites.

MUNDA intersects mtsinje Ishim. Kumpoto dera ndi gawo la West Siberia Plain.

nyengo amakhala ngati chokhala, amene m'chilimwe - otentha ndi yozizira - akufa yozizira. Mwa kuchuluka kwa masiku dzuwa angafanane ndi dera kotentha. Chipale kumatenga pafupifupi pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. kusinthasintha kutentha monga pachaka diurnal m'malo yokulirapo.

Ali atatu zosiyana mwachirengedwe mbali: kum'mwera, chapakati ndi chakumpoto.

Mbali kumpoto ndi tayala mtunda. Nthaka, makamaka Irtysh, mchenga. Nthawi zambiri pali mchere m'madambo ndi nyanja mchere, motero, makamaka Nyanja Dengiz (Tengiz).

The gawo pakati zadulidwa ndi mapiri otsika. Otaya mtsinje Ishim, Nura ndi Sara Lamulungu. Dera si yabwino kwambiri kuti anthu azikhalamo, ngakhale m'madera ena adakali zotheka. Nawa kuikapo maganizo miyala ya golide, mkuwa, malasha.

Kum'mwera kwa dera - ndi chipululu chopanda madzi steppe. malire ake kuyambira gwero la mtsinje tipitirize-Lamulungu kwa Chu Mtsinje. gawo akutchedwa Kama-nak-Dale, kutanthauza "Njala steppe".

Anansi a m'derali ndi awa: a kum'mawa - m'dera Pavlodar kumadzulo - Kostanay, kumpoto - North Kazakhstan, kum'mwera - Karaganda.

Dera chimakwirira 146,2 sq. M malo. Km.

Mbiri ya dera Tselinograd

Tselinograd dera ali ndi mbiri wolemera, imene izo lasintha ambiri, onse Kupititsa ndi udindo.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba kutchulidwa 1868 m'dera, "Provisional Malamulo pa kasamalidwe ka zigawo steppe wa Orenburg ndi West Siberia Bwanamkubwa-General" pamene zigawo 6 inakhazikitsidwa pa dera la Kazakhstan. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Akmola dera (pakati mu mzinda wa Omsk). m'dera zikuphatikizapo zigawo: Akmola, Petropavlovsk, Atbasar, Omsk ndi Kokchetav.

Mu 1928, dera Akmola ndi kutembenukira ku Akmola Region, koma patapita zaka ziwiri, ndipo kunatha chifukwa latsopano utsogoleri-Kupititsa magawano.

Mu October 1939 dera Akmola linakhalanso kachiwiri. Chinasanduka likulu la mzinda wa Akmolinsk. m'dera Administrative inkakhala m'zigawo khumi ndipo zinatha mpaka 1960. December 26, 1960 m'chigawo kachiwiri anathetsedwa, ndipo likulu lake Akmola analandira udindo wa Center wa Virgin Gawo. Koma patatha miyezi itatu ya Akmola otchedwa Tselinograd (pambuyo zochotsa m'mayiko namwali), ndipo April 24, utangoyamba dera, koma kale otchedwa Tselinograd, zimene zinaphatikizapo m'maboma 17 kutchulidwa.

Kutha kwa Soviet Union zinayambitsa kusintha latsopano Kazakhstan. Mu April 1992 Tselinograd kachiwiri anadzatchedwa kuti Akmola, ndi dera - kuti Akmola. Tselinograd dera akale, ziti zasintha ndi Watsimikiza Purezidenti wa Kazakhstan pa April 8, 1999, anasamukira ku likulu lake ku Astana (poyamba Akmola) mu mzinda wa Kokshetau.

Mphamvu wamkulu wa dera

Akimat ndi dera wamkulu ulamuliro wa Republic. Mutu wa akimat (meya), ndi mutsogoleli wadziko la Republic.

Akimat dera Tselinograd ukufanizidwa ndi maudindo khumi muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za chuma ndi moyo m'maderawa ndi mabungwe awiri (Dipatimenti ya ntchito zokopa alendo ndi Dipatimenti zoyendera zonyamula ndipo misewu).

dongosolo akimat kasamalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama dera, gulu la ntchito zachuma m'chigawochi. maudindo awo monga nkhani zoyendera kasamalidwe dziko, ntchito chuma, lamulo ndi yazamalamulo, ndi ena.

Panopa Oblast akim ndi SERGEY Vitalevich Kulagin. Mutu wa dera anabadwa ndi kukulira ku Akmola (Tselinograd) m'deralo. Chifukwa malo akim derali anali kutumikiridwa kawiri September 1998 ndipo May 2014.

chigawo Shortandy

Chifukwa cha kusintha posachedwapa mu 1939 wakula mwachirengedwe Tselinograd chigawo: Shortandy District anakhala ake utsogoleri gulu latsopano.

Chigawo kunyumba kwa ena 29 362 anthu. anthu kachulukidwe - 6.2 anthu / sq. Km. Mu Shortandynskom m'dera amakhala Russian 37%, 31,7% Kazakhs 8.3% Chiyukireniya, 7% ku Germany. Peresenti yotsalayo 16 amene timapemphera dziko. Likulu la Chigawo lili Shortandy.

The linalanda dera la makilomita lalikulu 4.700.

chigawo Arshaly

Vishnovsky m'dera Tselinograd dera - otchedwa mpaka 1997. Today Arshaly District.

M'dera azikhala bomalo ndi 5800 makilomita lalikulu, ndi kunyumba kwa anthu 27.081. anthu kachulukidwe - 4.7 anthu / sq. Km.

M'dera moyo pambali Kazakhs (37,3%), Russian (43.4%), Chiyukireniya (5.7%), Germany (5.5%), Belarusians Chitata (osakwana 2%), Poland, Moldavians Ingushs Chechens, Bashkirs (zosakwana 1%).

chigawo Sandyktau

malowa anali wokhoza "adzapulumuka" ndi kusintha pang'ono ndi dera Akmola. Kupangidwa mu 1928, pa nthawi imene dera Akmola anali lidzasinthidwa Akmola Region. Kenako mu 1936, iye anaitanidwa Molotov chigawo. A Akmola Oblast (patapita zaka zitatu kale amatchedwa dera Tselinograd) pa mapu mu 1957 Balkashinsky chigawo m'malo nayenso Molotov. Pansi pa dzina ili m'dera chinakhalapo mpaka 1997, pamene iye anabwerera dzina mbiri - Sandyktau District.

Area chimakwirira 6400 sq. Km. Pa m'gawo lake ndi kunyumba kwa anthu 20.010, kachulukidwe - 3.1 anthu / sq. Km. dera makamaka anthu Kazakhs (20.13%), Russian (56.67%) ndi Germany (6.62%).

Cities kuti sanali pa mapu

Stepnogorsk (Tselinograd dera - Akmola dera tsopano) anakhazikitsidwa mu 1959 mu 199 Km from Astana, koma anaonekera pa mapu yekha mu theka lachiwiri la 80s. The mobisa wa m'mudzi chifukwa muyaya "Tselinny Migodi ndi mankhwala Phatikizani" ndi "Stepnogorsk kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi mafakitale maziko." The yoyamba inali processing ureniamu miyala, ndi "maziko" - chitukuko ndi kupanga zida bacteriological.

Chiwerengero cha mzindawo ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana (zoposa 70 mitundu). Russian amapanga oposa 50% ya anthu, Kazakhs - 34,5%.

Panopa mabizinezi mzinda kubala golide, ureniamu ndi molybdenum.

City Alekseevka Tselinograd m'dera (tsopano Akmolinsk) anakhazikitsidwa mu 1965. Ndi mkati siteshoni dera limeneli limatchedwa-Kuli. Amakampani mafakitale ali creamery ndi chomera kupanga zipangizo yomanga. mabizinezi ena monga njanji.

mzinda weniweniwo kwambiri kucheza ndi siteshoni dera limeneli limatchedwa-Kul, kuyambira penipeni ankaona nkhani chatsekedwa. Izi anali kugwirizana ndi pafupifupi kugwa kwa UFOs ndi ntchito pa kuphunzira malo kugwa kwake.

Panopa mzinda wotchedwa Akkol.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mapeto a XVIII - chiyambi cha m'ma XIX - nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa Chikazaki khanate Junior ndi gulu Middle: anawazunza zonse ankabwerera Kazakhs kwa anansi, anakakamizika Amapempha chitetezo kwa mnansi wake wakumpoto - Russia.

Mapangidwe a m'dera Tselinograd n'zogwirizana ndi kulimbana ufulu wa Kazakhs adawatenga ku Russian zothandizira mipingo yawo.

Mu Stepnogorsk I ntchito Kanatzhan Alibayov - wasayansi wodziwika, katswiri m'munda wa matenda opatsirana, umisiri, immunology. Motsogozedwa wake, kupanga unapangidwa bungwe kumenyana ndi mtundu wa matenda zoopsa monga tizilombo ta matenda.

Mu 1990-1991, iye anatsogolera kutseka Alibayov pulogalamu chitukuko ndi kupanga zida zotere.

Derali amadziwika kuti State National Park Natural "Burabay", analengedwa mu 2000. paki ali mahekitala 83,5 zikwi. Pa m'gawo lake pali 14 nyanja. Mmodzi wa iwo (Nyanja Borovoe) ndi achisangalalo kwambiri m'dziko. Ozungulira nyanjayi zili m'nkhalango za mapiri ndipo, ndithudi, osatha Chikazaki steppes. Chifukwa cha kukongola paki amatchedwa "Chikazaki Switzerland". Mu nkhalango m'deralo mungapeze zilombo: amphakaŵa, nkhandwe, Boar zakutchire, mbawala, agwape ndi zinyama zina.

Near dera likulu ndi wachiwiri State National Park Natural - "Kokshetau". Pamafunika kuposa "Burabay" malo - mahekitala 182 zikwi. m'gawo lake lili kwambiri nyanja, mapiri, nkhalango, steppes. Nyanja amapezeka whitefish ndi ripus - mitengo yofunika kwambiri ya nsomba. Alendo ziperekedwa monga kukwera ndi kukwera kavalo, komanso mwayi kukhala mu chikhalidwe Chikazaki okhalamo.

pomaliza

Akmola (Tselinograd) dera ali ndi malo yaikulu: lotsatira wotere m'madera otukuka wa Russia, monga Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Omsk zigawo ndi Urals.

Panopa, kulimbitsa akale ndi ntchito zikulumikizana atsopano zachuma ndi zigawo Russian. Pali kukula kwa msika wa katundu ndi malonda opanga m'chigawo.