Ulendo ku Mars. Maulendowa oyamba Mars

Space wakhala anakopeka anthu, anthu akhala akuyesetsa kugonjetsa nsonga nyenyezi ndipo tikupeza kuti akubisa phompho zakuthambo. Anali njira yoyamba pa mwezi, amene analengezeratu patsogolo kwambiri a dziko. Aliyense dziko amamuchititsa kuti anapeza yofunika kwambiri yomwe kwenikweni zapechalitsya mu mbiri. Komabe, mlingo wa sayansi ndi zamakono zipangizo luso salola kuti akagonjetse kutali ndi zachinsinsi lakumwamba thupi. Kangati chiphunzitso ankachititsa kukaona ku Mars, kukhazikitsa amene amachita tsopano chinthu chovuta kwambiri. Koma asayansi amakhulupirira kuti yotsatira khumi munthu phazi pa dziko wofiira. Ndipo amene amadziwa zodabwitsa zimene tikuyembekezera kumeneko. Chiyembekezo cha kuli moyo zakuthambo akusokoneza anthu ambiri.

Zinakhazikitsa ntchito ku Mars tsiku lina ndithu chichitike. Ndipo lero nkomwe masiku pafupifupi anapereka asayansi.

ndege Ankanena Zokhudza Zinthu Zakuthambo

Lero, kukaona ku Mars, inakonzedwa 2017, koma sakudziwika, izo anazindikira kapena ayi. tsiku ili ndi chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi kanjira dziko lapansi lidzakhala pafupi kanjira wa Mars. Flight adzatenga zaka ziwiri kapena awiri ndi theka. chombo adzakhala ndi unyinji wa matani pafupifupi 500, izi ndi kuchuluka chofunika opita womasuka pa yochepa.

NdiAmene yaikulu pa mwambowo "Mission ku Mars" ndi United States ndi Russia. Ndi mphamvu izi apeza zinthu kwambiri m'munda wa malo kugonjetsa. Lingaliro chitukuko zikuphatikizapo ntchito mpaka 2040.

magulu onse chidwi Ndikufuna kutumiza chombo koyamba dziko lakutali mu 2017, koma mu zenizeni izi mapulani zovuta kuzitsatira. Ndi zovuta kuti alenge limodzi yaikulu ndege, choncho anaganiza ntchito maofesi. Iwo adzaperekedwa boosters mbali ya kanjira dzikoli. Pamene izi masamu kulenga ndondomeko makina kwathunthu, kuchepetsa mtengo wa chombo mphamvu. Pang'onopang'ono analenga zomangamanga zofunika mu mlengalenga.

Kwa zaka pafupifupi theka la anakonza ntchito zinakhazikitsa. "Mars" - Lost siteshoni USSR mu 1988, adayamba m'manja zithunzi pansi padziko wofiira nthaka ndi wina wa miyezi pulanetiyo. Popeza maiko osiyanasiyana kuti anapezerapo siteshoni interplanetary kuphunzira Mars.

Mavuto ndi Mars ulendo

Maulendowa kuti Mars azitenga nthawi yaitali. Pakali pano, anthu ali ndi zinachitikira yaitali danga. Valery Polyakov - dokotala, amene anakhala chaka mu kanjira Dziko Lapansi ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndi kuwerengetsera nthawi yoyenera zimenezi zingakhale zokwanira kuwafika Mars. N'kutheka kuti akhoza adzauka zina ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Vuto lalikulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo ankafika pa mbali ya chombo dziko ayenera kuyamba kufufuza lapansi. Iwo sadzatha atengere azolowere.

The mavuto a ndege

Kwa kuthawira Mars kumafuna luso zatsopano. M'pofunika kusunga angapo zinthu zofunika. Mwa njira iyi maximizes n'zosavuta kuti ulendo oyamba Mars adakali bwinobwino ikuchitika. zingapo ayenera kuganizira osauka ntchito kugonjetsa danga Martian. Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri - ndi moyo thandizo adalira. Iwo kudzachitika kukachitika kuti ngati munakonza chikapitirizabe. Kuti kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira ndi nkhokwe zofunika madzi ndi chakudya anatumikira ndi thandizo la zombo wapadera. Pankhani ya okwera Mars spacecraft muyenera kudalira mphamvu zathu. Asayansi kupereka njira kwa kusinthika kwa madzi ndi mpweya kupanga kudzera njira electrolysis.

Chinthu china chofunika ndi cheza. Izi ndi vuto lalikulu kwa munthu. maphunziro osiyanasiyana amatha mayankho a mafunso okhudzana ndi kukopa mphamvu mu atomu mu thupi lonse. amadza Ichi mwachidziwikire kuyambitsa ng'ala, kusintha mu chibadwa maselo ndi kukula mofulumira maselo a khansa. mankhwala olemera sangathe kwathunthu kuteteza anthu ku mavuto cheza. Choncho, muyenera kuganizira chilengedwe cha mtundu wa chitetezo.

weightlessness

Weightlessness - ndi nkhani. Popeza yokoka kumabweretsa kusintha mthupi. Makamaka ovuta ndi nkhambakamwa kuti zinagwira ndi lolakwika maganizo mtunda. Kumachitika ndi kusintha kwambiri m'thupi, zinadzala ndi zotsatira zoipa. Vuto lina n'lakuti pali imfa amphamvu a calcium. Amaswa pansi fupa minofu ndi amakwiya minofu ya manja. Madokotala ndi nkhawa kwambiri zotsatira zonse kusalabadira kwa weightlessness. Kawirikawiri, atabwerako ku Dziko timu danga adalira ndi mwachangu kubwezeretsa m'matangadza zatha mchere m'thupi. Kusiya kwa pafupi chaka ndi zambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa mavuto a kusowa yokoka anayamba wapadera korotkoradiusnye centrifuge. Anakumana nawo ntchito limodzi akutsatiridwa lero monga wasayansi ndi kovuta kudziwa angati centrifuge ayenera ntchito kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa chombo.

Zonsezi ndi zovuta, osati kuchokera sayansi ndi luso maganizo, komanso ndalama ndi amazipanga mtengo.

mavuto zachipatala

Medicine amafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Tiyenera kulenga zinthu kuti, ngati n'koyenera, nthawi ya ulendo ku Mars ankanyamula ntchito yosavuta opaleshoni. Pali Mwina mkulu kuti dziko wofiira imakhala ndi HIV osadziwika kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene angathe kuwononga anthu onsewo mu nkhani maola. Pa bolodi Payenera kukhala angapo ukatswiri wa zamankhwala. zabwino kwambiri madokotala, zamaganizo ndi madokotala. Muyenera nthawi kutenga nkhani za anthu ogwira ntchito, kuti kuwunika udindo wa lake lonse. Mfundo ayenera kukhala pa bolodi zofunika mankhwala zipangizo.

Kulephera kumverera tsiku patsogolo kwa kagayidwe zosayenera ndi zochitika za kusowa tulo. Izo zidzakhala zofunikira kuti azipeza kulamulira ndi kuthetsa phwando kukonzekera mwapadera. ntchitoyi ikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku lovuta kwambiri ndi kwambiri zinthu ndondomeko. kufooka zakanthawi n'kogwiritsa machimo akuluakulu.

kupanikizika maganizo

Psychological wolemera kwa oyendetsa lonse lidzakhala kwambiri. N'zotheka kuti akatswiri zouluka kuti Mars angakhale ulendo omaliza, n'kogwiritsa zikamera a mantha, maganizo, maganizo a chiyembekezo ndi maganizo. Ndipo si onse. Mu zoipa maganizo kuthamanga pa kukaona ku Mars, anthu amatipeza mu mukakhala mikangano zomwe zingachititse zotsatira mpaka kalekale. Choncho, kusankha shuttles nthawizonse kukhala kwambiri mosamala kwambiri. chombo tsogolo kukumana kwambiri ndi mayesero maganizo kuti apeze mphamvu zawo ndi zofooka. Nkofunika kuti alenge nkhambakamwa kwa sitima pa dziko lachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za kusintha kwa chaka, pamaso pa zomera, ngakhale motsanzira mawu a mbalame. Izi atsogolere anakhala pa dziko mlendo ndi kuchepetsa zinthu zopanikiza.

Kusankha adalira

Funso loyamba: "Ndani kuwuluka ku dziko lakutali?" Danga m'dera mwanzeru amadziwa kuti kugwedezeka izi ndi kutulutsa gulu la malo padziko lonse. Inu simungakhoze kuika udindo onse pa dziko limodzi. Pokha kulephera kwa maulendowa kuti Mars, m'pofunika kuganizira pa mphindi iliyonse luso ndiponso maganizo. Adalira pazikhalanso akatswiri weniweni m'madera ambiri, amene adzapereka thandizo lofunika pa zochitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo m'posavuta kuti zigwirizane ndi malo atsopano.

Mars - ichi ndi loto la chombo ambiri. Koma si wina aliyense akufuna kukhala woyenera ndegeyi. Chifukwa ulendo uno ndi choopsa kwambiri, zinadzala ndi zambiri zinsinsi, ndipo kungakhale otsiriza. Ngakhale pali mtengo wogwira ndipo miyoyo wolimba amene timafuna kukhala nawo maina awo anali mu mndandanda wa gulu pulogalamu ankayembekezera "ulendo ku Mars." Odzipereka kale ntchito. Iwo lekani Zoneneratu ngakhale zakuda. Asayansi kuchenjeza poyera kuti akatswiri izo - ndithu mwina - ulendo watha. Mars zamakono akhoza kupulumutsa spacecraft, koma kuti kudzakhala kotheka kuyamba ndi dziko - sakudziwika.

machismo

akatswiri onse agwirizana mu maganizo akazi ayenera kuchotsedwa maulendowa choyamba. Mokomera izi ndi mfundo zoterozo:

• thupi wamkazi si bwinobwino m'chigawo cha danga, si odziwika yaitali bwanji mu zinthu weightlessness zinthu dongosolo lawo zovuta m'thupi,
• dona thupi zochepa Hardy kuposa munthu,
• zoyesa ndi a sayansi zimatsimikizira kuti zamaganizo a akazi mwachibadwa zochepa yosayenera kwa umphawi wadzaoneni, m'posavuta nkhawa mu mkhalidwe chiyembekezo.

Musiyeni popita ku dziko?

asayansi mu liwu limodzi kulengeza kuti dzikoli ndi ofanana kwambiri Earth wathu. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti asefukira pamwamba pake monga mtsinje ndi kukula zomera ndi mitengo. Kukhazikitsa zifukwa moyo pa Mars wosweka, m'pofunika kugwira ntchito zomwe kafukufuku. Izi kuphunzira zovuta za nthaka ndi mpweya. Rovers nthawi zambiri zitsanzo anatengedwa ndi deta exhaustively kuphunzira. Komabe, nkhani ndi laling'ono kwambiri, chifukwa sikunali kotheka kuti nkhani yonse. Izo zinali kokha anakhazikitsa kuti pa Mars, akamaziwononga moyo.

Akukhulupirira kuti ngati pali kuthekera kukonza njuchi pa Mars, m'pofunika kuti agwiritse ntchito. Moyo amakonzekera zomwe yowopsa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene akulowa mlengalenga wa kugwa kwa miyala yochokera yaikulu Earth kumaliza kuwononga moyo wa onse. Koma ndi chitukuko cha danga Martian akhoza kuyembekezera chipulumutso cha mtundu wa anthu.

Zinthu zamakono za kuchulukana kwa dziko Mars kufufuza kudzakuthandizani kuthana ndi mavuto zaziwerengero.

atsogoleri andale ambiri amadabwa kuti angabweretse ndi subsoil wa Red Planet. Ndipotu zachilengedwe mathero, choncho, magwero zatsopano zothandiza kwambiri.

Kuphunzira nyenyezi kuti ali kutali kwambiri ndi dziko, koma pafupi ndi Mars, chilakolako kuyang'ana kwambiri mu kuya lachinsinsi la danga - chimodzi mwa zifukwa kufuna kugonjetsa Red Planet.

The Mars yaitali angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga kuyezetsa pansi zatsopano (mwachitsanzo, nyukiliya mabomba), iwo ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa Earth.

Kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa mapulaneti buluu ndi wofiira,

Mars mofanana Earth. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lake lonse kwa mphindi 40 yaitali kuposa dziko lapansi. Mars komanso kusintha nyengo, pali ngati mpweya wathu, amene amateteza dziko ku cheza dziko ndi dzuwa. NASA Kafukufuku anatsimikizira kuti pali madzi pa Mars. nthaka Martian pa magawo ofanana Earth. Pa Mars, pali malo, malo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ofanana ndi dziko lapansi.

Mwachibadwa, kusiyana mapulaneti ndi yokulirapo ndipo ali mochuluka kwambiri. Mwachidule tsabola kusiyana - 2 nthawi zosakwana mphamvu yokoka, kutentha otsika mpweya, kupanda dzuwa mphamvu, otsika mumlengalenga kuthamanga ndi ofooka maginito, mpweya wambiri wa poizoni - umboni kuti bwino kuti earthlings moyo pa Mars si koma n'zotheka.