Umuna Budenny: yonena za kazembe ndi chidwi mfundo

Umuna Mihaylovich Budenny - mmodzi wa anthu otchulidwa wotchuka wa mbiri Soviet. Mu Soviet Union, anali osiririka, anayamikira izo, ndi mphoto analandira sadzachitanso zoyenera pa chifuwa. Utatha wa USSR izo mlandu machimo wamba, kutsutsa utsogoleri talente yake, kufunafuna zolakwika mmoyo wake. choonadi, monga nthawi yonse, ndi pakati. Marshall sanali khalidwe limanena, koma luntha lake ndi zina zomwe zili zachidziwikire. Zomwe zinatsala kutchuka ndi ulemu wa Umuna Budenny? Wambiri, mfundo zosangalatsa Adzaperekedwa ku tcheru chanu m'nkhani ino.

Voronezh pa Don

Ikuthamangira asilikali a pamahatchi limapezeka Cossack Budyonny onse chifukwa iye anabadwa (25 (13) April 1883) pa Don, mu akutali m'dera Kozyurin, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Platov. Koma makolo ake akunja, mbadwa ya chigawo Voronezh, ndi Cossack analibe ufulu (pa Don nonresident otchedwa amenewa).

Banjali linali losauka ndipo ana ambiri (8 ana), koma ansangala ndi kulemekezedwa. Simeon (wachiwiri mwana) anali ndi zaka 8 kuti apeze ntchito kuti wamalonda Yatskin. Iye anatumikira naye mpaka 1903 (woyamba anachita kwina ndi kwina, ndiye ntchito mu safanana, ndipo anadzakhala machinist), ndiponso pa nthawi imeneyo anakwanitsa kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba mothandizidwa ndi kalaliki wa.

Osati kukhala Cossack, umuna Budenny, kanthawi mbiri ndi chidwi kwa anthu onse okonda mbiri yakale, katswiri nzeru Cossack nkhondo ndi mphamvu kudula mpesa (chionetsero thupi apakavalo) anakwanitsa kudabwa ngakhale nduna nkhondo Kuropatkin.

nkhondo ziwiri ndi riboni St. George

Mu 1903 Semena Budennogo (by ndiye wokwatiwa) anali usilikali. Service anayamba ku Far East, anali nawo mu nkhondo ndi Japan ya 1904-1905.

Pambuyo usilikali Budyonny anali asilikali ndipo mu 1907 ananditumiza ku maphunziro apolisiwo kuti tithe m'munsi (monga asirikali abwino a Regiment a). Chifukwa cha World Choyamba, iye anali kale sanali analamula kapitawo amene ankamenyana ndi dziko la Germany ndi ku Turkey.

Budyonny kumenyana moti anakhala mwini "uta zonse" - a George Cross ndi mphamvu zonse za St. George Mendulo, nayenso, madigiri onse. Mitanda izo, mosamalitsa kulankhula, panali zisanu. The choyamba ndi wachinayi digiri kutali pambuyo Budyonny anapereka kwambiri amphamvu anga. Kuti linali vuto lake - zauve ndi mwano anga kum'menya choyamba. Koma iye anali msilikali mkulu, ndi mphoto kwa Budennogo kutali.

Atagwa wa tsarist Budyonny anakhala wapampando wa komiti ya regimental. Iye analibe mwayi kutenga nawo mbali pa yimitsira wa Kornilov kupanduka.

Ambiri a ife tiri Budennogo

Wambiri Budennogo Semena Mihaylovicha limati October, anabwerera kunyumba, Don, ndipo adalenga munthu apakavalo chosintha. Choncho anayamba lodziwika bwino Choyamba apakavalo ...

Choyamba, gulu lake limodzi ndi Regiment P. Dumenko. Ndiye Regiment anatembenuka Brigade, kenako - Division, adadziwa mu nkhondo ya Tsaritsyn.

M'chaka cha 1919 anaganiza kuti akonze yaikulu Red Army mayunitsi apakavalo - yoyamba. Pa mutu wake adayima Budyonny. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha chaka chomwecho, thupi wakhala lidzasinthidwa Woyamba apakavalo Army. Anakhala wotchuka wofiira mayunitsi asilikali. The nkhondo yapachiweniweni sanabadwe inatha, koma za "Budenny" kale kuuza nthano. Ankhondo ndi asilikali ake anali wotchuka kwambiri pa luso Soviet wa imene iwo nkhani zothandiza ana, akutchulidwa mu lamulo la Soviet nyimbo; "Budenny" kukhala ngwazi za olemba monga Babele, Tolstoy, Sholokhov. Izo zinali mu asilikali anapita kukatumikira monga "Sizikuyenda obwezera" - ngwazi yamphongo ya Kulambira kunachitika ulendo filimu. Budenovka loonekera (nsalu chisoti kuti ntchito ngati asilikali okwera pamahatchi zooneka chisoti) anakhala mmodzi wa zizindikiro za Soviet Union (ngakhale kuti pali lomwe anapanga zinali akadali mu nthawi tsarist): "Kodi akuyamba Mama .. Ndi wakale makolo Budenovka kuti penapake? mu chipinda, tinapeza ... ".

Choyamba apakavalo kumenyana Denikin, Mammoth, zikopa, Wrangel nawo Chipolishi Soviet Nkhondo ya 1920-1921. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake zinali bwino, zomwe zikutsimikizira talente undoubted wa mtsogoleri wa. Mwachibadwa, panali zotupa tcheru; Makamaka nkhondo ndi Poland inatha anavutika.

mtsogoleri anagwirizana chipani mu 1919.

Marshall-obereketsa

Choyamba apakavalo Budyonny analamula mpaka 1923. Kenako anakhala wachiwiri Commander (apakavalo), chaka anadzakhala Woyang'anira wa asilikali okwera pamahatchi, ndipo anakhalabe mu positi mpaka 1937.

Imodzi Budyonny anaukitsa Choyenereza - mu 1932 maphunziro a usilikali Academy. Frunze. Mu 1935, iye anali kupereka mutu wa polimbana (imodzi pamwamba asanu).

Kuyambira 1937 mpaka chiyambi cha Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Budyonny anali mkulu wa Moscow usilikali District, anali Supreme usilikali Council, anali wachiwiri ndipo kenako woyamba Wachiwiri Commissar Anthu a silikhali.

Panthawi imeneyi, Semyon Mikhailovich anachita zambiri kuswana zoweta. Iye mlandu wa izo, kukangana kuti chikondi kwa akavalo anamuika mdani wa zida zamakono asilikali. Ndithudi, Marshall sanali akasinja. Komabe, ndi mayunitsi yowala dzanja apakavalo akhala pa nkhondo ndi Anazi mwangwiro. Inde, ndi Budyonny usilikali innovate molimba mtima anapirira, ndipo ngakhale anachita mu 1931 parachuti kulumpha (ichi ndi zaka 48!).

Polimbana mlandu nawo za chitsutsocho ndi lapadera atsogoleri Soviet asilikali. Inde, iye analankhula zikuchepa ndi Tomsky, Rykov, Uborevicha Tukhachevsky. Iye sanali adzaima wake ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, amene anamangidwa mu 1937. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa kasamalidwe kake minda yake kavalo, iye anayimirira mwa mawu amphamvu, ndi mkazi wa Lubyanka, ndithu m'mbuyo. Ndipo malinga ndi nthano, ndipo panokha ine anasonyeza kuti awalange si mosavuta anatsimikiza munthu. Zimamveka anaona usiku wina pafupi ndi nyumba ya NKVD makina Budyonny kuwaopseza ndi mfuti ya makina, ndiyeno wina, ndipo anadandaula kwa iwo Stalin, akuzitcha "potsimikizira-boma". Stalin akuti anauza kusiya kulamulira yekha, pozindikira kuti iye nkhondo mphamvu.

Nyamuka, dziko la ...

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Semyon Mikhailovich sanali mbali yofunika kwambiri zimenezi, onse mu wamba, nthawi wake wapita. Koma iye anali gawo la limaitana, anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a chitetezo cha Moscow, analamula kutsogolo mu Caucasus. Iye anali Mlengi wa kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha formations apakavalo mu Army (ena amakhulupirira kuti anali lingaliro la Zhukov), ndipo dongosolo linapindula.

Komanso, Budenny, amene yonena ladzala ndi mfundo zosangalatsa, analamula bomba la damu la Dnieper. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amalitcha kuti izi chigawenga chifukwa De zinachititsa kuti imfa ya ambiri a kwawo Red Army, komanso anthu wamba. Koma olemba mbiri ambiri amanena kuti chiwerengero cha anthu amene (kumene iwo anali) akukokomeza kwambiri, Anagwirizana molondola. Komanso, pankhondo kwa Ukraine Budyonny mobwerezabwereza amasonyeza mthunzi monga usawonongeke ogwira lapansi.

moyo wamtendere

Nkhondo itatha, mkulu Budyonny, amene yonena wolemera ndi chidwi, anali Woyang'anira asilikali, membala wa gulu la anthu ochita chipikisheni General kwa Utumiki wa silikhali, komanso (kuchokera mu 1947 mpaka 1953) - (! Kuswana, palibe zimafika) wachiwiri nduna za ulimi. Iye anali membala wa utsogoleri dziko (ku Central Committee Executive, ndi Presidium wa bungwe Supreme).

Polimbana moyo wautali (anamwalira pa 91 chaka TH wa moyo, ndi wopanda matenda yaitali, sitiroko), ndi yodziwika ndi mphamvu kwambiri, wamphamvu, wathanzi. Monga tanenera kale, mu zaka 48, iye analumpha ndi parachuti, ndipo ana (zitatu!) Iye anabadwa, pamene nayenso anali zoposa 50. Budenny yekha, amene yonena unali mutu wa taphunzira, ankanena kuti, mu zaka 50 amakhoza kupita pansi ndi phaka lachiwiri la nyumba mu bwalo m'manja mwake. Pa zaka 84 anapha maganizo ake mokondwera wa atolankhani ku Voronezh, amene anakumana nawo pa nthawi ya chikumbutso cha kumasulidwa kwa mzinda pa Civil nkhondo.

Marshall anafa October 26, 1973, m'manda ku Red Square. Koma ngati amuna onse aakulu, anali kuyembekezera moyo pambuyo pa imfa, ndipo komabe ndikuuzeni nthano za iye.

mavuto a m'banja

Wambiri Semena Budennogo mawu a maubwenzi ndi akazi panali njira yabwino ayi. Ena mavuto banja zogwirizana kulamulira ndi akazi. Apa pali zambiri "wakuda" ofufuza. Akuti Semyon Mikhailovich anamuombera mkazi wake woyamba ndipo anapereka kwa NKVD chachiwiri.

Chiyembekezo, mkazi woyamba wa Budyonny, woyang'anira unit zachipatala ya apakavalo Choyamba. The mikangano pakati banjali anachita - mkazi sanali amasiyana kukhulupirika, ndi Budyonny chinachitika "lamanzere". Mu 1924, Hope anaphedwa ndi mfuti kuwombera kuti wafunsira mphekesera. Ndipotu chochitika mboni anali - panali ngozi.

Olga Stefanovna mkazi wachiwiri anali wamng'ono kuposa mwamuna wake wa zaka 20. Kuimba, iye ankakhala moyo zakutchire kwambiri, "analinso" ndi ndondomeko nthawi zambiri anachezeredwa ndi akazembe lachilendo ndipo anakana kuti akhale ndi ana (pa zimakwana!). Pakuti "nkhosa zotayika" mu ofesiyo ake ndipo anamangidwa. Budyonny kwenikweni anaimirira iye, koma pali lomwe iye anakhulupirira kuti iye anali atafa. Lang'anani, izo wakwatiwa kachitatu, ndipo Maria udzayesedwa Olga msuweni. Olga Stefanovna anamasulidwa mu 1956, ndipo mwamuna anamuthandiza kusamukira ku Moscow ndi popereka ndalama.

agogo bwanawe a

Ukwati chachitatu chinali bwino, anali ndi ana awiri ndi wamkazi. Ndi mkazi wake ndi ana polimbana anakonda ndipo asokoneza.

Budennogo mwana wamkazi, Nina, anali mkazi wa wosewera wotchuka Mikhail Derzhavin, ndipo iye bwino ndi bambo ndi taonera chikondi kwa zidzukulu zake. Iye anauza mdzukulu wake kuwona chithunzi cha Stalin, anati mtolankhani achilendo: "Uyu ndi bwenzi la agogo anga."

iconostasis yaikulu

Izo zinandipangitsa nthabwala ndi chikondi pa Budennogo chifukwa mphoto. Inde, atatu nyenyezi Hero wa Soviet Union analandira pakutha pa Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Iye analinso ndi malamulo asanu ndi awiri a Lenin ndi 6 - Red Chabwino. Koma uta wodzala St. George, akutsimikizira bwino kuti ndi osati malo apamwamba ...

The oti muli nazo zida sitima chombo, m'dera ...

Dzina Budennogo moyo imeneyi osati "Budyonovka", palinso mtundu wa racehorses - Budyonnovsk. Ine anagwira dzina ili ndi sitima oti muli nazo zida, amene anamenyera mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ndi lalikulu chombo galimotolo ndipo chigawo mu mzinda wa Donetsk.

m'dera amatchedwa kotero kawiri - mpaka 1958 kenako 1980. Kufikira tsopano, mzinda ali anthu amene ankakhala "kawiri Budyonnovsk m'deralo." Ndipo dzina la iwo sangasinthe!

Ndipo sayenera anthu otchuka m'mbuyomu kuyeza miyeso ano. Iwo anakhala mu nthawi yosiyana.