Upper nsagwada: kapangidwe, ntchito ndi kuvulaza

Kapangidwe moyenera ndi mphamvu thupi ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala za nkhope ya munthu watsimikiza thanzi labwino komanso maonekedwe. Kodi kupatuka akhoza kukhala mu chitukuko cha nsagwada chapamwamba, ndipo ndi udindo zimene ulamuliro?

Makamaka mu dongosolo la nsagwada chapamwamba

Chapamwamba nsagwada - fupa la nthunzi, chomwe thupi ndi njira zinayi. Isanafalikire mu chapamwamba gawo kutsogolo kwa chigaza nkhope, ndi kupita nako mafupa pneumatic, chifukwa chakuti ali M'mimbamo, alimbane ndi mucosa.

Njira zotsatirazi nsagwada chapamwamba, amene muli dzina la malo awa:

• mazunzo ndondomeko;
• zygomatic ndondomeko;
• alveolar fupa;
• palatal fupa.

njira Avilable

Komanso, chapamwamba nsagwada thupi pamalo anayi: kutsogolo, yozungulira, infratemporal ndi m'mphuno.

Zimaonekera yozungulira triangular mu mawonekedwe, osalala kukhudza ndi pang'ono linapendekeka patsogolo - ndipamene mpanda wa kanjira (kanjira).

Kutsogolo padziko nsagwada thupi pang'ono ndichotse, umathandiza mwachindunji kutsegula ophthalmic pansipa limene lili ndi canine fossa.

M'mphuno pamwamba pa matabwa ake - ndi mapangidwe zovuta. Iwo ali mphanga maxillary, imbaenda ku nkusani maxillary.

Zygomatic ndondomeko komanso ndipamene chapamwamba nsagwada kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya omwe amadalira ntchito yachibadwa njira zonse ndi pamalo.

Nchito ndi zinthu zapadera

Kodi njira mu thupi ndi chigaza zimachititsa kusintha pathological mu kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mafupa?

Nsagwada chapamwamba ndi udindo kwa chiwerengero cha njira:

• Kumaphatikizapo kuchita kutafuna, kugawira katundu pa mano a nsagwada chapamwamba.
• Ndiyo pamalo olondola zako zonse.
• Ndipamene M'mimbamo pakuti pakamwa ndi mphuno, ndi partitions awo.

njira pathological

Nsagwada chapamwamba chifukwa cha matabwa ake ndi kukhalapo kwa nkusani ndi zosavuta kwambiri kuchepetsa, buku ake ndi za 5 masentimita ^3, chifukwa mwayi kuvulaza ukuwonjezeka fupa.

Nsagwada yokha chili ndi chakuti olimba merges ndi zina mafupa a Chigaza lapansi.

Pakati pa zotheka kusintha pathologic makamaka wamba ndi wovulala nsagwada (chapamwamba kapena kuchepera). Ngozi amachiritsa pamwamba ndi mosavuta kuposa mafupa a nsagwada m'munsi, chifukwa, ndi ukoma wa matabwa ake ndi malo, Usaigwedezere kuti Iyamba kusinthika kwa fupa ake.

Kuwonjezera mitundu yonse ya fractures ndi dislocations, pa Kupenda ndi mano amatha kudziwa ndondomeko akuzinga, chotupa cha maxilla, amene amafuna opaleshoni kuti achotse izo.

Thupi ali chapamwamba pachibwano nkusani maxillary, chimene bwino ankachitira mano (osati) akhale chofuna ndipo pali sinusitis - wina pathological ndondomeko pachibwano.

kotunga magazi. innervation

Perfusion maxillary nsagwada ndi chifukwa mtsempha wamagazi ndi nthambi zake. Mano alveolar fupa innervated ndi mitsempha trigeminal, ndipo makamaka - ndi maxillary nthambi.

Pamene kutupa kapena trigeminal ululu nkhope akhoza kufalitsa kwa mano thanzi langwiro, imbaenda ku matenda onyenga amapezeka ndipo ngakhale olakwika m'zigawo za dzino pa nsagwada chapamwamba.

Nthawi matenda pachithunzichi pafupipafupi, chifukwa chonyalanyaza njira zina za nkhaniyi ndipo chodalira chokhazikika pa maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe a wodwalayo, dotolo ngati angayambe kudwala matenda a wodwalayo, komanso mbiri yake.

Katundu mano pa nsagwada chapamwamba

Nsagwada chapamwamba ali ofanana chiwerengero m'munsi mano. Mano a nsagwada chapamwamba, kapena m'malo mizu, asemphana awo omwe kuchuluka kwawo ndi malangizo.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, nzeru mano maxilla ndi zimatha kuyambitsa woyamba ndi zambiri kumanja.

Popeza chapamwamba nsagwada fupa kwambiri n'kakang'ono pansi, ndi extractions ali peculiarities yake ndi njira yapadera likhale. Chifukwa chaichi, Owona Zamano forceps kochotsa mano nsagwada chapamwamba, amene ali dzina lina - ndi mpeni.

Ngati inu kuchotsa cholakwika muzu wovulala angayambe chifukwa nsagwada chapamwamba, chimene dongosolo salola kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ayenera njira zina matenda pamaso popanga munthu opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri mafomu amenewa ikuchitika X-ray Kupenda - orthopantomography kapena yopangidwa tomography thupi la pachibwano.

maopaleshoni

Chimene chimafuna kuchotsa nsagwada chapamwamba, ndipo kodi kubwezeretsa ntchito yachibadwa pambuyo opaleshoni?

Anapereka ndondomeko mu mano chikudziwika ngati maksillektomiya.

The zikuonetsa kwa opaleshoni ndi:

• zotupa zilonda mwa thupi la maxilla ndi zokhudzana ake, ndi pathological minofu overgrowth mphuno, sinuses paranasal ndi pakamwa.
• zotupa chosaopsa amathanso, pa kupita patsogolo, kukhala chochitira kuchotsa thupi la nsagwada chapamwamba.

maksillektomii ndondomeko angapo a contraindications:

• Total wodwala matenda, matenda pachimake opatsirana, matenda enieni nsagwada chapamwamba gawo pachimake ndi siteji ya exacerbation.
• Pamene ntchito yogawa kwambiri za ndondomeko pathological pamene opaleshoni sadzakhala ziwathandize mankhwalawa matenda, koma katundu khansa mtima.

Preoperative khansa mtima ndi mokwanira kuyambirira kafukufuku umalimbana akudzizindikiritsa kuvutika ena mu thupi la wodwalayo, komanso tanthauzo la kutanthauzira a zotupa.

Pamaso miyeso matenda anachita mbiri wathunthu, umalimbana kukambirana ndi etiologic zinthu ndi kutengera za kumtundu.

Pamaso njira iliyonse opaleshoni amafunika kulandira kufufuza zonse ndi akatswiri ena. Izi koposa zonse, maso - diso kwa kudziwa boma la chamoyo zawo, ndi kuthekera zosokonezeka pambuyo opaleshoni.

Nsagwada chapamwamba ali pa thupi lake una maso ndi nkusani m'mphuno, chifukwa apezazo zonse umachitikira pamaso maksillektomiey kuvomerezedwa.

Komanso, asanachite opareshoni akulimbikitsidwa kupanga tomography mutu ndi khosi, amene bwino nkhani yonse ya mtima ndipo walola bwino kuona malo ndondomeko chotupa.

Pa opaleshoni, izo zikhoza kuchitika Vuto - wovulala nsagwada (kumtunda) kapena akhoza kukhudzidwa ndi mitsempha nkhope pa mbali yolakwika. mavuto alionse zingakhudze chitukuko cha chotupa chija, chifukwa cha maksillektomii - ndi chiopsezo cha boma la wodwala khansa.

malformations kobadwa nako

Nsagwada chapamwamba zikhoza kuonongeka mu utero, imbaenda malformations la nsagwada ndi nkhope lonse.

Kodi pangakhale chifukwa chitukuko ake nthenda asanabadwe?

• Majini chingawapangitse kukhala zidakwa. Pofuna kupewa zimenezi n'zosathekadi, koma ndi chabwino orthodontic ndi mafupa chithandizo atabadwa kungawongolere deformities kobadwa nako ndi kubwezeretsa kugwira ntchito za masiku onse pachibwano chapamwamba.
• Kuvulala pa gestation mwanayo akhoza asinthe mimba thupi ndi kupangira kusintha pathological, amene kwambiri poyera kuti nsagwada chapamwamba. Komanso oipa mayi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena pa mimba ungayende molimba pakutchulidwa cha kuvutika kobadwa nako.

mitundu ya pathologies

Pakati waukulu pathological njira zokhudza chitukuko cha pachibwano, kumasulidwa:

• anomalies kumtundu (anomalies amene angapeze pamene embryonic chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo) - unilateral kapena amgwirizano nkhope mphanga, microgeny, wathunthu kapena pang'ono edentulous (akusowa mano), hypoplasia ya mphuno ndi sinuses, ndi ena.
• Mapindikidwe zida mano dongosolo, amene anayambitsa mu chitukuko cha pachibwano mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana akumane: amkati kapena exogenous.
• njira Secondary mapindikidwe zida dentoalveolar, amene angapeze pamene chifukwa cha zotsatira zoopsa pa ziwalo chigaza nkhope, ndiponso chifukwa amawononga opaleshoni, mankhwala cheza ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala a khansa.

anomalies mano. edentia

Nthawi zambiri pathologies mano pa nsagwada chapamwamba akhoza kutchulidwa adentia omwe, malinga ndi vuto ndi tsankho (opanda mano kwambiri) ndi zonse (pakalibe mano).

Ndi zina n'kotheka kusunga kayendedwe wapotalikira cha chida ndi mapangidwe diastema onyenga.

Pakuti matenda kudwala operekedwa ndi ntchito X-ray Kupenda (orthopantomography) amene molondola kwambiri zikusonyeza malo ndi chifukwa cha kudwala kwambiri.

Mapindikidwe nsagwada ndi mano supernumerary - n'zotheka zotsatira za njira pathological limene limayamba mu utero chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo. Omwe mwina zikuphatikizapo chiyani pamaso pa mano owonjezera, amene si kukwaniritsa ntchito iliyonse m'kati kutafuna?

Pamaso pa mano supernumerary kuti lokwera alveolar la nsagwada chapamwamba kungakhale mapindikidwe ake. Izi zimapangitsa kukula kwambiri kwa fupa alveolar, lomwe limakhudza anthu osati makonzedwe olondola a mano, komanso pa zomwe thupi la nsagwada chapamwamba.

Kupewa anomalies ndi kuonongeka nsagwada

Makamaka zofunika kuyambira ali kutsatira chitukuko cha dongosolo nsagwada kukumana Kupenda zonse ndi mano ndi kuchiza matenda onse M'mimbamo m'kamwa.

Pamaso pa malo mwanayo mwina anomalies kapena kukula kwa mano ayenera yomweyo kudali kufufuza mabuku, ndipo osati pa mano, koma ndi m'thupi yemwenso, katswiriyu. Nthawi zina anomalies mu chitukuko cha nsagwada kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe mkhutu ambiri.

Chithandizo cha anomalies kobadwa nako wakhala nthambi ya mano ngati orthodontics, amene adaphunzira uziyenda yachibadwa cha ziwalo m'kamwa, komanso diagnoses ndipo amatilangiza zolakwika pathological mwakale. Chithandizo bwino anachita ali aang'ono, chifukwa akuchedwa ulendo wa mano pamaso kuphulika kwa mano kapena chiwonongeko chotheratu cha pachibwano Sikuti.

thanzi m'kamwa - Chofunika kwambiri kuti uziyenda bwino za dongosolo m'mimba ndi kupuma, komanso chitsimikizo cha umoyo wa mwanayo maganizo ndi chitukuko yachibadwa. Chinthu maganizo ilibe yaing'ono pankhani monga nkhope munthu - anali khadi lake maitanidwe. Akuthamanga mapindikidwe magweru maonekedwe kusiya chizindikiro boma psycho-maganizo, ndi kupoletsa ndi kuchuluka mantha ndi phobias, mpaka boma sociopathic.

kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi, kudya chakudya chotafuna, ukhondo zomveka ndi ukhondo - fungulo ku akule bwino za chibwano chapamwamba, ndipo ziwalo zonse za M'mimbamo m'kamwa.