Utoto zidole kukaikira mazira: katswiri kalasi (chithunzi)

Matryoshka - chidole utoto mtengo, dziko otchuka Russian kachikumbutso, womwe poyamba anaonekera mu Russia mu m'ma XIX. Izo zinali mu nthawi ya chikhalidwe komanso zachuma, panali luso kayendedwe "Russian kalembedwe". Mu nthawi yochepa wowerengeka Russian luso inafalikira mu dziko, ndi matryoshka kupenta chasanduka mbali yake.

Nkhani ya

Folk mwambo wamba zidole amatchedwa "matryoshka" chinali chiyambi cha Russian zojambulajambula SERGEY Malyutin, mmodzi wa otsatira ambiri odzipereka a kalembedwe Russian. Utoto zidole kukaikira mazira, chosema kuchokera pa chidutswa umodzi wa matabwa, ali ngati chizindikiro cha dziko Russian. Chizindikiro luso la losavuta m'mudzi mkazi tambala mu dzanja ndi atavala chovala chikondwerero kupereka kuya zonse za miyambo Russian ethnographic.

Mfundo kulowetsa chidole kukaikira mazira mu kugawanika ena akuti ndi chidole Japanese "Fukurama tchire", zimene zinabweretsa dziko la Kutuluka Sun mkazi savvy Mamontova, wotchuka Russian industrialist. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, unakhala tingachipeze powerenga Russian kukaikira mazira chidole kachikumbutso zofunika dziko. Ikani zidole ongokhala 37 makope "kakang'ono kuposa" analowa mu Guinness Book of Records.

Woyamba Russian matryoshka

Milutin wojambula anakumana wotchuka mbuye-matoyi ku Sergiev Posad Vasiliem Zvezdochkinym ndi anamulamula eyiti akusowekapo matabwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amene angathe kuikidwa ina. An turners odziwa nkhuni Zvezdochkin athane ndi ntchito - kotero panali mndandanda woyamba wa eyiti zidole Mathithiŵa.

The akusowekapo anali kuuluka ndi SERGEY Milutin anapita zidole ochekenera. Kuyambira pachiyambi, chithunzicho anavutika khalidwe yeniyeni inki kufalikira pa pamwamba, zojambula anakhala MAONEKEDWE ENIENI ndi kuyamba onse kachiwiri. Zinaoneka kuchita kupenta pa nkhuni si zotheka, koma chithunzicho Milutin, amene anali pa ntchito yake kugwiritsidwa ntchito utoto mafuta ofotokoza anaganiza koma kuti adziwe ndondomeko ya kupenta mu tempera akusowekapo matabwa.

Water-m'munsi emulsion tempera utoto atalola kale udindo chithunzi osiyanasiyana ena, ndi kukhuthala ❖ kuyanika limafanana ntchitoyo. Inki Kodi sinafalikire, ndi wojambula ndi kumbuyo pa zojambula Zidole. Komabe, ikhale latsopano, m'madera ena utoto wosanjikiza anagwera mu ming'alu tosaoneka kapangidwe nkhuni. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mtundu wa kusintha ❖ kuyanika kopambana, pali malo amdima. SERGEY Miljutin kukhulupirira kwambiri kufunika kwa ntchito phunziroli kuti ayenera angaimbidwenso pamwamba ndipo lembani madera losalembedwapo CHIKWANGWANI nkhuni.

Pomaliza, sanapirire ziboliboli anadalitsidwa, ndipo iye anali kupeza mndandanda wa zidole, woyamba mu munda lonse, ndiyeno mbali ya kampani zikuluzikulu mafakitale.

utoto zidole kukaikira mazira

The ndondomeko ya penti zidole miyambo matabwa kugwirizana ndi luso lapadera, ungathe kugawidwa mu magawo angapo. Matryoshka, kupenta pang'onopang'ono chomwe njira zitatuzi: priming zithunzi ndi varnishing, amafuna njira luso, ndi ntchito yovutayi kusamalira yachibadwa wowerengeka luso wokonda. Apo ayi Zotsatira zake zidzakhala amafanana wotchipa otchuka fano.

muyeso wina amapereka zinthu zinanso ndondomeko, pamene kukaikira mazira zidole utoto anachita mu kalembedwe moona luso, ndi kuona zizindikiro zing'onozing'ono nkhope chidole, chimene chimadalira nkhope yake. Kupereka maganizo Matrona, kumwetulira kapena chisoni angakhoze kokha mmisiri akatswiri. Motero, matryoshka, kupenta pang'onopang'ono lomwe ndi udindo kulenga ndondomeko kwenikweni amakhala zojambulajambula, ndi kuphedwa khalidwe adzakhala mwachindunji amadalira mlingo wa maphunziro a mbuye. Panopa, chifukwa kufunika kwambiri miyambo makampani Russian alendo kwa mitengo yawo yopanga kuchuluka kupanga, mwatsoka, sukhala amasokoneza.

mitundu

Choyamba, utoto kukaikira mazira zidole matabwa yosiyana pa maziko malo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kachikumbutso wotchuka wowerengeka: Tverskaya, Sergio, Maydanskaya, Vyatka, Semenovskaya. Aliyense zosinthika ndi kusiyana ndi makhalidwe wapadera. Matryoshka, mitundu ya zojambula amene ali osiyanasiyana, mwina anayenera kuzindikira osiyana luso lake. Pa udindo ngati mkulu wa m'nthano limatiuza nkhani yake - alendo Russian ali otchuka zoposa zaka zana mu dziko. Mitundu ya zidole komanso kusiyana kwawo:

• Semenovskaya matryoshka utoto osiyana makonzedwe wosazindikira kalembedwe, kupezeka kwa aluso dziko popanda maphunziro luso. Wina chizindikiro Semyonov matryoshka chidole thewera ndi kuvomerezedwa stylized maluwa: anaimirira pakati chachikulu ndi zobiriwira maluwa. Utoto matryoshka ku Semyonov anaganiza mitundu itatu yokha: buluu, chikasu ndi wofiira, ndi kuphatikiza zomwe amapereka zapadera sundress, headscarf ndi thewera.

• zidole kukaikira mazira utoto kalembedwe "Tver" modes osiyana powonekera. Kuwasindikiza mutu chitsanzo chithunzi akuti ndi kanjedza mbiri. Komanso, izi zidole kukaikira mazira anapangidwa kalembedwe chakale - Russian kukongola mu mpango ndi kavalidwe anzeru ndi thewera, chimene ukulamulira mtundu image, malo, Russian mapulani katswiri.

• Master zojambula Zidole m'mudzi wa Maidan Polkhovsky (Nizhny Novgorod chigawo) Khulupirikani kwa kalembedwe anu. zidole yaing'ono kwambiri, elongated mutu mmwamba. M'malo sundress ndi thewera mu matryoshka lonse chowulungika ndi chitsanzo pa chomera lathu.

• zidole kukaikira mazira utoto kalembedwe "Vyatka" amatanthauza maso yowala buluu ndi yofewa, manyazi kumwetulira. Vyatka matryoshka imatengedwa otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Chikoka cha alendo otchuka Russian anawonjezera wapadera luso opanga - mankhwala a n'kupanga zachilengedwe wokometsedwa.

• Sergio matryoshka osonyeza kuphweka, naivety ofiira nkhope ndi osiyanasiyana zovala dressy. The chizindikiro chikhalidwe kusiyana maganizo Matrona ndi mpango knotted. M'manja mwa matryoshka kwenikweni azipereka aliyense mutu, mtolo, dengu kapena maluwa.

msonkhano womwe

Kupanga otchuka ndipo amafuna kachikumbutso Russian akhoza bungwe kunyumba. Pakuti kukonza kuntchito muyenera tebulo kakang'ono. Ndi popanga zipangizo utoto pa nyumba Zidole Zimakhala chidwi kulenga ndondomeko. Kuyamba muyenera ya utoto, maburashi, sandpaper chabwino ndi billets nkhuni, amene amagulitsidwa m'masitolo zapaderazi. Komanso kukhala ndi odula ndi phunziroli chifukwa kusalaza pamwamba pa zidole kukaikira mazira. Ulamuliro zofunika kwambiri yokonza zipangizo ndi kusintha mosamala mzere kujowina pamwamba ndi pansi.

Pamene vytachivanii kukaikira mazira zidole pa ambuye ndi lathe ali sanachite choyenera kusiya msoko agwirizane zikutsatiridwa atagona, ndondomeko liza zidutswa pa mbuye amene utoto zidole kukaikira mazira. aluso kukhala zida file ndi kusamalira yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda mbali pamanja. Ziyenera kuchitika, mwinamwake ndi amachepetsa mankhwala adzakhala sizikugwirizana ndi mzake. Pokhapokha kusintha udzatha, ndi mbali ya zidole kukaikira mazira mosavuta anaikapo kujowina mzere, mukhoza kuyamba kupenta.

Pambuyo workpiece ndi opukutidwa, m'pofunika kuphimba zigawo ziwiri phunziroli. Ngati osakaniza komaliza pa dzanja, zikuchokera akhoza kukhala okonzekera paokha mwa kusakaniza PVA zomatira ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1. Pambuyo pa phunziroli ndi mouma, kuyamba penti matryoshka zidole ndi manja awo.

Ntchito bwino kutenga akiliriki utoto, iwo amagulitsidwa osiyanasiyana luso m'masitolo zonse, komanso mabungwe a "Chotsimikizika". Kugula akonzedwa wodzala optional, utoto kwambiri adzatsala wopanda. Ndi bwino kugula mitundu ochepa amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndondomeko ya kupenta. Ndi chikasu, buluu, wofiira, wobiriwira ndi mitundu wakuda. Inunso muyenera woyera ndi yowala lalanje. mitundu imeneyi aliyense ali ndi woyenera mu kalembedwe wonse wa anthu otchuka Russian kachikumbutso.

Utoto zidole kukaikira mazira ndi manja awo ayenera kuyamba kujambula contours nkhope, headscarf, tsitsi, sundress, thewera ake ndi manja. Kuzilingalira woonda anagwiritsa ntchito kujambula pensulo mizere zinalephereka mosavuta anachotsa chofufutira. Khalidwe chithunzi zimadalira ntchito zonse mopitirira, kotero muyenera kubatizidwa, bwino kangapo redraw ndi pensulo zojambula, kuposa kuti tipeze limaoneka lokongola la fano kale mu mtundu.

maphunziro

A mtundu wapadera luso chabwino ndi ntchito pa beautification katundu nkhuni, monga decoupage, intarsia, inversion ndi kudziyerekeza mu Khokhloma kalembedwe ndi luso kupenta kukaikira mazira zidole. magulu awa luso mbuye kupezeka kwa aliyense, iwo anapanga bungwe kulikonse. maphunziro apadera semina akuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mtundu wa luso, ngati penti kukaikira mazira zidole. Master kalasi ndi zokambirana wotsatira mpata kuphunzira chidwi ndi opindulitsa ntchito katswiri mlengi m'munda wa luso wowerengeka ndi zamanja. Kufunika kwa alendo Russian pafupifupi zopanda malire. zidole kukaikira mazira amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kutanthauza kuti wojambula amene utoto mitengo, sudzakhalanso popanda ntchito.

Master kalasi

Choyamba muyenera kukakukonzerani malo ntchito ndi zinthu zofunika zidole kupenta kukaikira mazira. Mndandanda zikuphatikizapo:

• Wekha, anakoloweka oilcloth;
• burashi owerengedwa №4, №3, №1 ndi burashi chimodzi "ziro";
• phunziroli;
• akiliriki kapena tempera utoto, phale, nsalu, thonje swabs, toothpicks kapena skewers matabwa a sitiroko kwambiri wosakhwima;
• turpentine kuti kuchepetsa penti ndi kugwirizana anakhumba;
• yosavuta pensulo zojambula, chofufutira, wolamulira;
• choboolera ndi lalikulu chogwirira pamwamba kulandira workpiece;
• utoto mtundu PF 157 kapena 283.

Dongosolo ziwembu

Pa gawo loyamba Timaika penciling gawo kutsogolo kwa preform lapansi. Ngati mawu a mankhwala angapo yofanana ndi kukula, ndiye inu mukhoza kulenga Mathithiŵa chidole Chinsinsi kupenta, limene kudzakhala kosavuta kutsatira anapangira chitsanzo gawo lapansi. Nkofunika ntchito M'manja zolondola. Ngati muli ndi luso pa kupenta nkhuni, ndi kukaikira mazira zidole Chitsanzo kupenta si chofunika, n'kosavuta ntchito contours kuiwalidwa. Njira adalipo komanso chifukwa mu ndondomeko ya zojambula, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera chinachake lake. njira Creative pankhani imeneyi wolungama.

Koma Mulimonsemo, kuthokoza anali chitsanzo, muyenera kulenga sewero la zidole kupenta kukaikira mazira. Izo ziyenera kukhala zojambula pa pepala kuwalitsa contours waukulu mankhwala, komanso kalembedwe ntchito m'tsogolo.

Kenako, kusamutsa chitsanzo kwa workpiece ndi chabe kukopera. Pankhaniyi, dziwani kuti fano ayenera kukhala moyenera, pamafunika kugwira mzere wolunjika vertically ku mphika m'tsogolo zidole kukaikira mazira pansi.

The mizere ya nkhope umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a bwalo, mmunsi mwa zomwe imagwera pa malo ya kusintha ya pansi yotakata workpiece mu yopapatiza - mutu. Pankhaniyi, mbali ya bwalo ayenera kukhala malo minofu, ndipo pamwamba - chifukwa tsitsi.

Kenako contours zandandalikidwa mpango, sipangakhalenso knotted pa khosi Matreny kapena mfulu kugwa, kutseka kumbuyo ndi gawo kutsogolo sundress. Mukhoza malizitsani kujambula manja, adatchithisira pansi kapena kupinda iwo pa elbows, ngati manja adzakhala chinthu: a samovar, mkate, maluwa kapena mtanga wa bowa ndi zipatso.

Yotsatira siteji kujambula onse mtundu mizere mwatsatanetsatane sundress kujambula utoto wofiira, amene adzatumikira monga limakhala dongosolo. Mpango kwambiri chisanadze kujambula pa mtundu olimba ndipo akuyembekezera kuyanika lathunthu la mtundu maziko.

Pofuna kuiwala kutsogolo jambulani manja a Marya samovar kapena china chirichonse. phunziro ayenera kufanana ndi chithunzithunzi chonse. Wodzitukumula manja woyera malaya advantageously pamodzi ndi sundress lofiira ndi nthawi kukongoletsa zodzikongoletsera zamaluwa kapena mtundu wina wa kuwamaliza wapadera, zonse zimadalira ndingaliro ya chithunzicho.

Choncho sundress kwathunthu utoto, kupita shawl lapansi. shawls Russian, kuphatikizapo wotchuka Pavlovsky Posad amakhala zokongola kwambiri. Mitundu kapena dongosolo pa iwo yowutsa mudyo ndi kowala. Mwambo umenewu ndi ayenera kutsata pa kupenta.

Ndi bwino ntchito wolemera malankhulidwe golide, izo zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi golide cholembera gel osakaniza. Izo zikuwoneka osakaniza wabwino wa wakuda ndi wofiira kwambiri. malo onse ufulu pa sundress ayenera kudzazidwa ndi maluwa ndi zomera zobiriwira, monga malo aliwonse kanthu zikuwoneka ngati ntchito yosatha.

munthu

Mbali yofunika kwambiri mu zidole kupenta kukaikira mazira - ndi maso ake, mphuno ndi milomo. Munthu ayenera kuyandikira njira yotero kuti anali wokonda ndi pa nthawi yomweyo wopambana. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - matryoshka ayenera kumwetulira!

Maso Matrona nthawi chonse. Kuti awakokere, ndithu mu malo oyenera kuika mfundo ziwiri ili symmetrically ndi ulemu kwa wina ndi mzake. Jambulani mabwalo padziko mfundo, ndiye kukhomereza bwalo mabwalo ang'onoang'ono kukhala ophunzira. Pambuyo kuti akokere zikope - yokhota kumapeto mizere mokoma pamapindikira pa maso anu. Pamwamba nsidze chiyani, mawonekedwe awo umasinthasintha. Tsopano aliyense mwana tiika bala woyera, izo glare kwa masana.

Nosik Matreny alibe kuyang'ana ngati mphuno anthu. Ndi zokwanira uzipereke izo yophiphiritsira mfundo ziwiri mu malo oyenera.

mizere cha milomo - izi ndi zowawa kwambiri kwambiri pa nkhope ya Matrona. Koma n'zosavuta chiyani, inu muyenera mosamala lembani mzere mu mawonekedwe a Arc akutsirizira. Pomwepo kumwetulira!

Kenako jambulani mlomo wa mmunsi mwa mawonekedwe a zigawo lalanje, kenako pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a semicircles awiri kotha.

nkhope ochekenera

Musanayambe kujambula ndi contours nkhope, muyenera kukonzekera wotumbululuka pinki mtundu. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kusakaniza wofiira utoto ndi mlingo waukulu wa madzi. Choyamba, yankho chifukwa ayenera kuyesedwa pa pepala, ndiye ntchito manyazi pa masaya Matreny ndi swab thonje.

Kuthira manyazi ndi maso wachikuda, milomo ndi tsitsi, mwaukhondo ogaŵanika. Background munthu ayenera kukhala zoyera. Pofuna kupeza utoto khungu, muyenera kusakaniza woyera ndi ocher. Azioneka amatha experimentally.

Kenako muyenera Matrona yopatsa moyo zodzoladzola - ndi mokwanira kuona zinthu zing'onozing'ono. Panthawi imeneyi kukaikira mazira chidole wamoyo.

Gawo lotsiriza

Kamodzi ntchito ikadzatha, m'pofunika kuyembekezera kuyanika lathunthu la zidole kukaikira mazira ndi mankhwala lacquered mu zigawo zitatu, aliyense wa iwo prosushivaya.

Choncho, matabwa poimba matryoshka wokonzeka! Utoto zidole kukaikira mazira, chithunzi chimene amafuna kuti anachoka pa kukumbukira, tsopano adzakhala chibwana bwino.