"Voivod" (chombo): mkhalidwe intercontinental ballistic chida

"Voivod" - Roketi, kutanthauza mivi katundu intercontinental ndipo wakhala yapangidwa Ukraine. zovuta linakonzedwa kuti aukire mitundu yosiyana mipherezero amene ndiotetezedwa kudzera yamakono ya chida chitetezo, ndipo iwo chagwiritsidwa pansi ndewu iliyonse.

mphamvu chida - mphamvu ya Russia

Strategic chida Mphamvu ndi wapadera, chifukwa iwo ali mbali yaikulu ya njira mphamvu nyukiliya wa dziko. Ntchito yaikulu ya kachitidwe chida - m'mbuyo zotheka ofuna kugunda osiyanasiyana zikwapu mipherezero njira za mdani. Monga mbali ya asilikali chida cha cholinga chapadera Russia atatu makamu zida ndi 12 chida formations. Zida zankhondo maofesi - mitundu 6 nkhondo 4 ndi m'badwo 5, zitatu zomwe ndi zochokera ku migodi, atatu - ndi nthaka ofotokoza yam'manja.

dongosolo wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse chida amaona kuti mzinga ballistic "Voivod". Iwo amakamba za 10 zokwana kulemera matani 8 pa mtunda wa makilomita 11,5 zikwi. specifications ake ali m'njira zambiri bwino kuposa maofesi amphamvu kwambiri American.

Kodi kuchita mayeso

Mayesero oyamba a dongosolo chida agwa kwa chaka china 1986 - iwo anali mu Baikonur. Ndipo patapita zaka zingapo, zovuta anali mu utumiki, kenako anayesedwa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida nkhondo. "Voivod" - Roketi, yomwe ndi chimodzi cha amphamvu kwambiri pakati intercontinental lapansi. zipangizo zamakono za zovuta si ofanana pakati pa anzawo padziko lonse, ndi mkulu mlingo wa makhalidwe ntchito ndi chitsimikizo kuti ntchito mivi zingakhale zovuta kukhalabe asilikali ndi njira parity.

Dziwani kuti "Voivod" anayesedwa ndi zovuta chifukwa cha imalankhula 43 bwinobwino okha 36. Ndipo Launch loyamba linatha zoopsa: ndi roketi, anatuluka mu mgodi, anagwa kumbuyo mu thunthu, panalibe ovulala. Koma mayeso wotsatira akhala bwinobwino ndi bwinobwino, ndipo "Voivod" (Aka "Satana") wakhala anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa odalirika kwambiri mu dziko. Izo zakonzedwa kuti roketi adzakhala utumiki mpaka 2022, kenako ankagwira m'malo roketi "Voivod" Masiku intercontinental ballistic chida "Sarmat".

Zolinga zikuluzikulu

Pa chitukuko cha opanga cholinga kuonetsetsa mlingo watsopano makhalidwe ntchito ndi mkulu nkhondowo chidacho. Chifukwa, intercontinental ballistic chida "Voivod" anayamba kupanga pa mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Kuchuluka umoyo Pu Ine kp.
2. Kumatetezera lamulo ndi kulamulira ntchito mu malo aliwonse bata.
3. Kukodzedwa mphamvu ntchito nkhondo retargeting, makamaka pamene kulasa zikuonetsa posakonzekera chandamale. Roketi liwiro "Voivod", ndi kuyamba nthawi ya tcheru zonse amakhudza ntchito - iwo sizingafanane ndi aliyense dongosolo zina chida mu dziko.
4. Amapereka mivi kukana mu ndege ku zinthu zosokoneza kwa nthaka ndi okwera mabomba a nyukiliya.
5. Kuchuluka kudziyimira pawokha a zovuta za.
6. Adakula chitsimikizo nthawi Launcher pa roketi.

Ovuta "Voivod" - Roketi, amene ali odalirika ntchito ndi survivability ndi kangapo lalikulu kuposa machitidwe ambiri kunyamula mpweya chitetezo.

ndi makhalidwe wotani?

Pa akuyiyesa roketi wabweza kukana kwambiri zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nkhondowo ntchito zovuta anali efficiently mofulumira kwambiri chifukwa zinthu zingapo:

1. Kulondola wakhala chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 1.3.
2. milandu akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
3. Area zokwana dilution zone chawonjezeka nthawi 2.3.
4. Zovuta umayendetsedwa ku modes osiyana.
5. Nyukiliya chida "Voivod" anali kothamanga katatu yaitali kuposa mode kumbali-yekha.
6. Nthawi wokonzeka halved.

Okonzeka ndi mndandanda wa njira patsogolo luso, anayamba mphamvu mphamvu bwino.

dongosolo cushioning

Kukula kwa dongosolo chida zinachitikadi potengera zomwe zakale ntchito pazipita zilipo masiku ano zomangamanga nyumba, mauthenga komanso machitidwe. Motero, "Voivod" - Roketi, amene amakhala ndi dzuwa mkulu, ntchito mafuta madzi, kwathunthu ampulizirovana ndipo lapangidwa kuti awononge maofesi zovuta ranges osiyana mtunda. chitukuko roketi zinachitikadi tsatane awiri chiwembu chimene sequentially anakonza njira ndi obereketsa dongosolo zida zinthu zazikulu. Mphamvu angathe zovuta akhala kuchuluka chifukwa zinthu zingapo:

1. Izo zinali bwino injini ntchito, akuyendera mulingo woyenera kuchokera kulamulira dera.
2. The mafuta M'mimbamo zosagwiritsa gawo II chitachitidwa.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro anali ndi makhalidwe kuuluka bwino potsatira njira.

Kanyama kuswana - zinayi chipinda roketi injini, amene okonzeka ndi zipinda kuyaka makina - iwo zimayikidwa patsogolo mu ndege malo. The roketi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito dongosolo chilengedwe madzimadzi, amene wakhala chinsinsi kudya ndi kothandiza khamu la fakitale.

kasamalidwe Features

Intercontinental ballistic chida "Voevoda" ukulamulidwa nkhondowo wagawo amene ali mawonekedwe biconical thupi ndipo ali wamng'ono mpweya kukana. dongosolo chida ulamuliro akuganiza pa kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zingapo:

1. Iwo amaonetsetsa dzuwa la pambuyo zotsatira za bomba la nyukiliya mu ndege.
2. Iwo analongosola chilekano kudzapeza mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane.
3. Limagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kutsata njira sikutanthauza maphunziro apadera a ndege ntchito.
4. Imakhala kutali kutsata.

Kuti athetse mavuto awa Roketi zida zamphamvu adakwera kompyuta zovuta. Roketi "Voivod" makhalidwe amene amantha, zimaonetsa nkhondowo wapadera ndi makhalidwe ntchito. makhalidwe onse zovuta ndi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zoyesa mu mlengalenga ndi pansi. Imachitika chida imalankhula taonetsa kuti ndi odalirika.

Amphamvu kwambiri mu dziko

"Voivod" - chida dongosolo, amene ntchito nkhondowo m'zaka lomaliza. Mu 1979, Chief Mlengi Utkin V. F. akufuna njira yatsopano luso zokhudza dongosolo chida. Mu 1992 iye anali kufalitsidwa za 88 launchers, ndi roketi akanali champhamvu ndi zovuta dziko. thupi lakelo - matani oposa 200, ndi okwana wina salvo chida Chigawo cha mphamvu wofanana okwana 13,000 mabomba a atomiki.

Roketi R-36M2 "Voivod" ali okonzeka ndi zovuta patsogolo ndi modernized njira angathe kugonjetsa chida chitetezo ndi kugumula dongosolo SDI. Mizinga ndi zokwana 10, amene ataphimbidwa ndi zophukiranso mu ndege fairing - iwo anayikidwa pa chimango wapadera mizere iwiri. Roketi injini - zinayi chipinda LRE lomwe lili ndi makina combustor - iwo afike boma opaleshoni pamene chakuwuluka.

Kusiyana chachikulu

1. Chida ali ndi kukana mkulu zinthu sichikupindulitsani chifukwa cha bomba la nyukiliya.
2. Iwo akhoza anayamba ngakhale pambuyo mdani anakantha maudindo a dongosolo chida.
3. Special mdima matenthedwe chotchinga ❖ kuyanika facilitates Ndime ya roketi mwa mtambo fumbi anapanga pambuyo bomba la nyukiliya. Chotero ❖ kuyanika ndi imapereka survivability a dongosolo chida.
4. Roketi ndi zida ndi zipangizo zotha wapadera kuti kuyeza nyutironi ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-ray kudula mitengo mlingo oopsa. Pamene roketi amapita nyukiliya "bowa", dongosolo kulamulira ali wazimitsa, injini akugwirabe ntchito.
5. Kuti alenge roketi thupi zipangizo mkulu mphamvu ntchito - ozizira ntchito zotayidwa-mankhwala enaake a (wouma) aloyi.
6. Intercontinental ballistic chida "Voivod" ndi amange dongosolo kulamulira, zomwe wabisika mu womata chida chipinda nyumba. dongosolo ndi okhazikika malinga ngati roketi masamba angozi. Kenako zida yoyendetsedwa ndi dongosolo kulamulira amasintha njira yodutsamo cha zovuta ndi.
7. Madzi roketi dongosolo losavuta, ndi yaing'ono basi zinthu. Choncho, palibe chifukwa chakuti yokonza.

Chida dongosolo chifukwa cholephera zigawo aukali wa mafuta madzi, koma ndi okonzeka mozungulira zaka 25. Ndinazolowera zovuta a nkhondowo Motors roketi: iwo awonjezera zilakolako zawo, anapanga dongosolo zambiri zosagwira zikuluzikulu ndi zinthu za zovuta lapansi.

Features a "Voivod"

Chida "Satana" ( "Voivod") ndi Mipikisano cholinga ndi cholinga amachita zosiyanasiyana zolinga. Mbali yapadera ya zovuta ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Start akuthamanga kuchokera mu mgodi.
2. Awiri gawo roketi ndipo amathamanga pa zigawo mkulu mafuta.
3. zovuta ukulamulidwa basi zochokera pa bolodi kompyuta.
4. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida nkhondowo angagwiritsidwe ntchito (zokwana).
5. Kudziwa momwe ophatikizidwa yekha mu chombo wa - anapezerapo matope.

zosintha

Pali zosintha angapo a "Voivod". Choyamba - P-36M UTTKh, umene ndi wachitatu m'badwo chida dongosolo. Iye akhoza kugunda mzinga ku mipherezero 10, kuphatikizapo zolinga ndi makamaka laling'ono kapena lalikulu pa lalikulu. Uku ali mkulu lolondola moto, kuchuluka kwa zokwana.

"Dnepr" - analenga pamaziko a zovuta "Voivod" roketi. Photo imasonyeza kuti Roketi kusinthidwa, amene anakumana younikanso wothandiza injini lathu ndi olimba, dongosolo kulamulira, ndipo ntchito elongated mphuno fairing.

Chiyembekezo chachikulu

Poyamba, tsiku lomalizira kwa kuchenjeza "Voivod" zida anafunsa kuti 2018, ndipo tsopano tikulankhula chaka 2026. Akatswiri amanena kuti kale zida dongosolo kuposa nthawi chitsimikizo, ndipo nthawi kuchenjeza ake ali kale zaka 24 zakubadwa. Pa nthawi, ntchito ikuchitika kusintha moyo nkhondo ndi zaka 30, choncho zakonzedwa kusunga lovuta asilikali a Strategic chida Mphamvu mpaka 2022.

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kuonjezera pazipita zotheka moyo utumiki nkhondo "Voivod" n'zotheka zikomo chakuti iwo ali osiyana ungwiro luso, amene kumaonekera kapangidwe ndi njira zamakono maofesi. Komanso ananena kuti "Voivod" RS-20V adzakhala mu nkhondo ya magulu Russian chida mpaka 2026.

anapezazo

Chida dongosolo, "Voivod" ndi wapadera: woyamba anapezerapo mu 1986, zinapangitsa kwambiri pa mlanduwo ndi kusiyana maganizo. Kodi mtengo analephera okha imalankhula, chimene chingalowe kutha maofesi awa ... Koma yake wamakono ndi ntchito zamakono zapangitsa kuti mfundo yakuti roketi "Voivod" anadzakhala champhamvu ndi zovuta dziko, kumenya pa zolozerazi m'mabuku mbiri Guinness. Chifukwa cha kulengedwa ndi dongosolo langwiro, limene okonzeka ndi roketi, ndi ku utumiki okonzeka kwa zaka kotala.

Chida dongosolo, "Voivod" ( "Satana") ndi zabwino chifukwa iye ndi invulnerable kuti chida chitetezo, chifukwa cha warhead lovuta ndege anali limodzi ndi midadada onyenga. M'dera la kupezeka ndi madzi a m'magazi awo mayendedwe ndi amodzi mwa zokwana lenileni kuti kukusokonezani mdani. Komanso, ndi zida otetezeka kwambiri ili mu kuchitiridwa migodi Adani. Ndipo Chofunika: zovuta akhoza kukhala mu anasunga chikhalidwe za zaka 10 ndipo kokha kuyamba Kuyambitsa masekondi 30.