Wolemba Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich: yonena, mndandanda wa mabuku, makamaka luso ndi ndemanga

Russian wolemba Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich (Smidovich) lofunika kwambiri mu gulu la olemba Russian prose. Masiku ano, iye anataya maziko a m'nthawi yake otchuka L. N. Tolstogo, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov, Gorky, Bunin, Sholokhov, koma ali kalembedwe wake, mtengo wake wapamwamba mabuku Russian ndi nambala ntchito kwambiri.

Banja ndi Childhood

Anabadwa Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich, amene yonena anali kugwirizana ndi vocations awiri: dokotala ndi wolemba, January 4, 1867 mu Tula. Banja la wolemba m'tsogolo kwambiri za zinthu wosanganiza mitundu. Makolo amayi anali Mirgorodsky Chiyukireniya ndi Greek, ndi banja makolo anali Germany ndi Zitsulo. Dzina generic a wolemba - Smidovich, a banja wakale Polish mfulu. bambo ake anali dokotala, anakhazikitsa chipatala woyamba mu mzinda Tula, anayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito ukhondo mu mzinda anaima pa chiyambi cha Tula bungwe la madokotala. mayi Vincent anali noblewoman wophunzira kwambiri, iye anali woyamba mu mzinda anatsegula m'nyumba yake sukulu ya mkaka ndi sukulu ndiye maziko. Banja anali ndi ana 11, atatu anamwalira ali ana. ana onse adapatsidwa maphunziro khalidwe mu nyumba zonse anapita ndi oimira anzeru m'deralo, anali kukambirana za luso la ndale, tsogolo la dziko. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, ndipo mnyamata anali kukula, amene m'tsogolo adzakhala ndi nthumwi zapadera za ophunzira Russian otchuka. Kuyambira ndili mwana, Vincent ndinali kuwerenga mabuku, makamaka ankakonda wake unali ulendo mtundu wanyimbo, makamaka Mayne Reid ndi Gyustav Emar. Mu unyamata, wolemba tsogolo chilimwe chilichonse mwachangu anathandiza banja, iye anagwira ntchito limodzi ndi anthu wamba ndi: ndikutchetcha, kulima, kukokera udzu, kotero zovuta ntchito zaulimi anadziwa.

learning

Vincent Veresaev anakulira m'banja kumene maphunziro anali mokakamizidwa kwa onse. makolo a mwanayo eni anthu ophunzira, tinali ndi laibulale kwambiri ndiponso kukonda kuphunzira ana katemela. Mu Veresaeva anali wabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe anthu zizoloŵezi: kukumbukira kwambiri, chidwi mu zinenero ndi mbiri. Kusekondale, anaphunzira mwakhama kwambiri, ndipo aliyense kalasi ikutha ndi mphoto ophunzira oyamba, iye anakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri kudziŵa zinenero zakale, ndi kale ndi zaka 13 anayamba kuphunzira yomasulira. Veresaev maphunziro a sekondale ndi Mendulo siliva. Mu 1884 analowa mbiri-philological mkhalidwe wa St. Petersburg University, amene anamaliza ndi digiri ya phungu wa sayansi mbiri. Koma chidwi chawo pa malingaliro a populism, chikoka cha maganizo a Dmitri Pisarev ndi N. Mikhailovsky chimamulimbikitsa kulembetsa mu 1888 pa University of Dorpat (Tartu) pa luso of Medicine. achinyamata molondola ankakhulupirira kuti madokotala kumulola kuti "pita kwa anthu" ndi kumubweretsa mtima. Adakali wophunzira, mu 1892 iye anapita ku Ekaterinoslav m'chigawo komwe anakagwira ntchito pa mliri kolera, mutu wa nyumba ukhondo.

vicissitudes a moyo

Mu 1894, atamaliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite, Veresaev anabwerera Tula, pamene anayamba ntchito monga dokotala. Vincent Veresaev, amene yonena tsopano kugwirizana ndi mankhwala, pa ntchito yake ya udokotala anali kuyang'anira miyoyo ya anthu ndipo manotsi, kenako anayamba ntchito zolembalemba. Choncho moyo wake zapiringizana zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pa moyo. Patapita zaka ziwiri Veresaev anasamukira ku St. Petersburg, anaitanidwa monga mmodzi mwa ophunzira bwino za luso zachipatala ntchito mu St. Petersburg m'nyumbayi (mtsogolo Botkin) kuchipatala odwala kwambiri opatsirana. Kwa zaka zisanu ntchito kumeneko monga ntchitoyi ndi mutu laibulale. Mu 1901, iye anapita ku kwambiri oyendayenda mu Russia ndi Europe, iye analankhula kwambiri ndi kutsogolera kanjedza mabuku a nthawi, kuyang'anira miyoyo ya anthu. Mu 1903 anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene akufuna kudzipereka kwa mabuku. Chiyambireni nkhondo Chirasha Japanese Vikentiya Vikentevicha asonkhanitsidwa monga dokotala, ndipo ali wobwezera anthu wamng'ono mu mafoni kuchipatala kumunda Manchuria. Chidwi cha nthawi anadzakhala nkhani zingapo mwa ntchito zake. Pa First World nkhondo ndipo anali dokotala ankhondo pa Kolomna, Moscow ankachita nawo gulu la unit asilikali zachipatala.

Progressive okonda Veresaev anatenga onse Russian utasintha, mmene anaona phindu kwa dziko. Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma anakhala wapampando wa Art ndi maphunziro Komiti ya Bungwe la ogwira ntchito ziwanga mu Moscow. Kuyambira mu 1918 mpaka 1921 anakhala mu Crimea ndi anaona kumenyana mantha pakati woyera ndi wofiira, nyengo imeneyi ya mavuto ndi zothetsa kudzakhala gwero la nkhani ntchito zolembalemba. Popeza 1921, wolemba tikukhala mu Moscow, analemba ndipo amagwira ntchito mwachangu ntchito yophunzitsa ndi gulu.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, wolemba wina wachikulire kale anasamutsidwa kuti Tbilisi. Iye adakwanisa kuona chigonjetso wa USSR mu nkhondo ndi kufa June 3, 1945 mu Moscow.

Woyamba zatsopano zolembalemba

Veresaev Vincent akuyamba kulemba zambiri achinyamata sekondale zaka poyamba ankadziona wolemba ndakatulo. buku lake loyamba - ndakatulo "Kusinkhasinkha" lofalitsidwa pansi pa pseudonym V. Vikent'ev mu magazini "Fashion kuwala ndi shopu yapamwamba" mu 1885. Patatha zaka ziwiri mu "World fanizo" magazini pansi pa pseudonym Veresaev anafalitsa yochepa nkhani "The mwambi", amene amapereka mayankho ake ku mafunso yaikulu ya moyo: Kodi chimwemwe ndi tanthauzo la moyo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mabuku wakhala zinazake okhazikika Vikentiya Vikentevicha.

kukhala mbuye

Vincent Veresaev kuyambira chiyambi cha njira yake mabuku kupeza malangizo ake monga njira akufunira, iye ntchito zake zimaonekera Chowawa akuponyera Russian anzeru, zomwe anakumana nazo yekha, litatuluka ku masewera populism ndi Marxism chowongolera wakutemwa. Pafupi pomwepo anazindikira kuti ndakatulo - sizinali njira yake, natembenukira kwa prose. Iye titayensa dzanja lake m'njira yaing'ono: nkhani kulemba nkhani yochepa. Mu 1892 anafalitsa mndandanda wa essays "kumidima" za moyo ndi khama la Anthuwa wa Donetsk. Ndiye nthawi yoyamba amagwiritsa ntchito alias Veresaev, amene anakhala dzina lake zolembalemba. Mu 1894 anafalitsa buku "Ayi," amene mophiphiritsa limafotokoza nkhani ya kufunafuna njira tanthauzo la moyo Russian onse ndi aluntha. Mu 1897, buku "desease" akupitiriza nkhani yomweyo, kukonza kupeza achinyamata m'badwo utsogoleri wa Social Democratic malingaliro.

zaka ulemerero

Mu 1901, kunja veresaevskie "Mfundo dokotala," amene anamuika wotchuka onse pa dziko. Mwa iwo, wolemba imakamba mmene dokotala aang'ono zimachitika ntchito, omwe kawirikawiri kuletsedwa, ndi zatsopano pa odwala, yokoka abwino ntchito. mankhwala anasonyeza talente kwambiri ngati wolemba Veresaeva, kuwerenga maganizo wochenjera ndipo kuonerera mlembi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo akulowa kuwundana olemba otchuka dziko, pamodzi ndi Garshin ndi Gorky. maganizo Progressive a wolemba sanasangalale nazo, ndi maulamuliro anamutuma anaziika kuti Tula, kuchepetsa kugwira ntchito yake.

Mu zaka 1904-1906 kunja zolemba zake za nkhondo Japanese, umene pafupifupi mwachindunji akulankhula za kufunika amenyane ndi mphamvu ya autocracy lapansi. Veresaev Vincent amadziwikanso chinkhoswe mu buku kufalitsa ndi osiyana mayanjano zolembalemba. Zitasintha, akutithandiza zedi pa ntchito yophunzitsa, ndi kulowerera kufalitsa magazini atsopano. Zitasintha akutembenukira kwa mitundu ikuluikulu ndi zolembalemba kutsutsa Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich. Ntchito mu mawonekedwe a "Kufufuza bwino bwino mwakuya" ya Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche anakhala mawu atsopano mu prose zolembalemba ndi luso. Wolemba nthawi zonse anafunafuna "kuphunzitsa achinyamata," ukufalitsidwa zolinga mkulu ndi malingaliro maphunziro. Kuyambira cholembera lake zina zachidule kwambiri yovuta ndi mbiri ya Annensky I., A. Chekhov, Leonid Andreyev, Korolenko.

A zambiri nthawi amapereka wolemba translation, zinatuluka ntchito zambiri andakatulo wakale Greek m'nkhani yake. Veresaev kwa iwo ngakhale kupereka ya Pushkin Prize. Ngakhale mu tsiku lake lomaliza Vikentiy chinkhoswe kusintha yomasulira "Iliad" wa Homer.

njira wolembayo

Veresaev Vikenty tsoka lake zolembalemba kumayambitsa "Moyo watsopano", limene likumveka Gorky. kalembedwe wake zolembalemba sikuti kukwapula Kuzindikira, komanso kwambiri wosakhwima maganizo kuzipenya wa m'miyoyo yawo. Autobiographical kukhala chizindikiro cha ntchito yake. zidindo wake za moyo nawatanthawuzira mu nkhani mndandanda wa zolemba. Nthanthi Pofunafuna kunaonekera nkhani, amene anakhala wotchuka Vincent Veresaev. "Mpikisano," "Eytimiya" ndi nkhani zina anayamba ofotokozera wake za moyo wake ndi malingaliro za ganizoli wamkazi.

Izi bwino kwambiri akamanena za kulenga Veresaeva anasonyeza ntchito monga mabuku, "Pa akufa mapeto" ndi "alongo."

Mtsutso ndi ndemanga

Veresaev Vincent pamene zinthu bwino analandira mwa kutsutsako, chizindikiro onse apano ndipo sanaphe wolemba. Modern zolembalemba kawirikawiri amatchula ntchito wolemba, amene, Komabe, sizikutanthauza pakalibe atulukira analenga ndi ntchito luso. Reviews owerenga ano, kwambiri osowa, koma anatithandiza kwambiri. okonda Modern Veresaeva chikondwerero kalembedwe ake zazikulu ndiponso mogwirizana quests nthanthi ya achinyamata ambiri.

zachinsinsi

Veresaev Vikentiy Vikentevich mowirikiza odzipereka pa ntchito yake. Mu moyo iye anali munthu wamba ndiponso ochezeka kwambiri ndi wansangala. Anakwatira msuweni wake wachiwiri Maria Germogenovne. Ana banjalo ayi. Ambiri, iye anakhala moyo wotukuka ndi ntchito ndi nawo m'gulu la ndondomeko ya maphunziro komanso kulenga dziko.